1、专题二 议论文型书面表达 专题二 议论文型书面表达 专题导读专题二 专题导读 议论文的篇章特点议论文的结构一般有引子、正文和结论句三部分。一般在引子部分提出论点，即文章的主题，在正文部分摆出事实，对论点进行严密的论证，最后根据前面的论证得出结论。议论文写作三要素议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；专题二 专题导读 论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。论证的方法多种多样，常用的方法有：1归纳法：从分析典型，即分析个别事物入手，找出事物的共同特点，然后得出结论。2推理法：从一般原理出
2、发，对个别事物进行说明、分析，而后得出结论。3对照法：对所有事实、方面进行对照，然后加以分析，得出结论。专题二 专题导读 4驳论法：先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最后阐明自己的观点。议论文的写作要点1确定论点。论点通常在文章的第一段提出。2要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例。3论证要有严密的逻辑性。所有事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论连接起来。4层次要清楚。专题二 专题导读 5态度诚恳、友好，因为议论文重在说理，以理服人。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件，或是议论的补充；议论文中的叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据的。因此，叙
3、述应该是概括的，描写应该是简要的。6论据要充分。欲证明自己的观点必须有充分的证据。作者可以列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历等。专题二 专题导读 表示不同观点的套语总起：Different people hold different opinions.Opinions are divided.People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards People have different opinions on this problem.People take different views on this questio
4、n.专题二 专题导读 表达不同观点：of them hold the opinion that.of them are in favorof the idea thatPeople who are for/against the idea think Some people believe that.Others argue that 不同观点之间的衔接：However,of them hold a different view./of them holdthe opposite opinion.People who are against it dont think so.However,e
5、ach coin has two sides.专题二 专题导读 Different from those，people think On the other hand,people object that 并列关系：and,as well as,also递进关系：besides,in addition,moreover,whats more比较、对比关系：like,unlike,on the contrary,on theother hand专题二 真题典例 真题典例2011湖北卷 请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就与人合作这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。Working in grou
6、ps at school is an opportunity to learnmore about teamwork.Teamwork shows us how other peoplesroles fit the purpose of the group,and it teaches us to be patientand how to respond to different people.专题二 真题典例 注意：无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；除诗歌外，文体不限；内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例；文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；词数为100左右。专题二 真题典例【解析】One possi
7、ble version：Years of school life has taught me a lot of things,ofwhich teamwork is the most important for me.In fact,I didnt realize its importance until I was chosenmonitor of my class in my senior middle school.At first,I didmost of the duties myself while other students cared little aboutclass ac
8、tivities.As a result,I was tired out and depressed.Then专题二 真题典例 I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperatewith others.Thus I began to recognize the strengths of myclassmates and have everyone do their part in class.It is working in teams instead of on my own that hasfreed me of trouble an
9、d made my work more efficient.专题二 新题预测 下面是一个关于中学生怎样使用零用钱的调查结果，请根据表格提示写一篇文章。新题预测零用钱的使用现状1.购买书籍、学习资料，约占55%；2.饮食方面，约占27%；3.娱乐方面(上网、玩游戏等)，约占18%。零用钱的使用建议1.购买学习用品；2.把零用钱积攒起来，帮助需要帮助的人；3.你的看法。专题二 真题典例 注意：1.文章要涵盖表格内的所有内容；2词数120左右。参考词汇：零花钱pocket money专题二 新题预测【解析】(一)One possible version：Recently,a survey has b
10、een done on how middleschool students spend their pocket money.According to theresults,55%of the students spend their pocket money on theirstudy,such as buying reference books.About 27%use theirmoney for food and drink.While the rest spend their money onentertainment,such as,surfing the Internet and
11、 playing PCgames.专题二 新题预测 Since students are consumers,not producers,they shoulduse the pocket money wisely and properly.Buying books orsaving money to help those in need is good ways.In addition,itismeaninglessanduselesstospendmuchmoneyonunnecessary entertainment.Anyway,it is not easy for our paren
12、ts to earn money,sowe students should learn to use pocket money carefully.专题二 新题预测(二)随着电脑和因特网的普及，网上购物也进入了人们的日常生活，有人支持网上购物，也有人对其持保留态度，你的看法是什么？根据下表写一篇文章。支持者反对者1.节省时间、精力，对忙碌的人、老年人或一些行动不方便的人更是如此2.网上有大量的商品信息，可以买到当地没有的东西1.网上所见的商品有可能与实物不一致，质量难以保证2.网上欺诈造成投诉困难你的看法？专题二 新题预测 注意：1.不要逐条翻译；2.词数120左右。参考词汇：投诉compla
13、in v/complaint n.专题二 新题预测【解析】(二)One possible version：Online shopping is common in our daily life now.There are two kinds of opinions about it.Some people think that online shopping has a lot ofadvantages.The most important one is its convenience.Peopledont have to waste their time and energy to go f
14、rom one shopto another to buy commodities they like.This is especiallyuseful to the busy people,the aged and the disabled people专题二 新题预测 who cant go to shops in person.Besides,on the Internet thereis enough information of all kinds of commodities,and peopleare able to buy things from a distant place
15、.But other people object to online shopping.They thinkthat the real goods may be different from what the consumershave seen on the Net,thus the quality of commodities boughtonline may not be ensured.Whats worse,once cheated online,one may find it difficult to make a complaint.In my opinion,it is better for all to be careful whenshopping online.