1、专题二 故事记叙型阅读理解 专题二 故事记叙型阅读理解 专题导读专题二 专题导读 阅读理解在英语试卷中的地位毋庸置疑，纵观历年来的高考试题，出题人在试题设计方面力求题材广泛，体裁多样，四大文体(议论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文)兼顾。而记叙文中主要以叙事为主，如情感故事、逸闻趣事等。各种体裁文章的设题和作答都有各自的特点，在这里我们一起探讨故事类文章的阅读技巧。专题二 专题导读 1抓住文章的六大要素阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后顺序。因此，无论是顺叙还是倒叙，阅读此类文章时，必须要找到它结构中的5个W(when,where,who,why,what)和1
2、个H(how)，不过不是每篇都会完整地交待六大要素。毫无疑问，寻出这些元素是能够正确快速解题的一个先决条件。专题二 专题导读 2注意作者的议论和抒情高考英语阅读理解故事类文章常伴随着作者思想情感的流露和表达，因此议论和抒情往往夹杂其中。行文时或按事情发生发展的先后时间进行或按事情发生发展的地点来转换，也可能按事情发展的阶段来布局。在引出话题，讲完一件事情后，作者往往会表达个人感悟或提出建议等。这些体现作者观点或思想的语句在阅读时可以画线，它们往往体现文章中心或者写作意图，属于必考点，所以要仔细体会。专题二 专题导读 3结合前两点归纳文章中心，把握作者态度故事类文章是通过记叙一件事来表达中心思想
3、的，它是文章的灵魂。归纳文章中心思想时，尤其要分析文章的结尾，因为很多文章卒章显志，用简短的议论、抒情揭示文章中心；文章中议论抒情的句子往往与中心密切相关；也有的文章需要在结合概括各段大意的基础上归纳中心。另外，叙述一件事必有其目的，或阐明某一观点，或赞美某种品德，或抨击某种陋习，这就要求我们在阅读时，通过对细节(第1点中的六要素)的理解，把握作者的态度。专题二 专题导读 4有章有据进行解题判断 分析文章、归纳主题属于对分析、概括、综合的表述能力的考查。切忌脱离文章，架空分析，一定让分析在文章中有依据。专题二 真题典例 真题典例2011安徽卷 They are the sort of frie
4、nds who are so closethey trust each other with their lives.If one falls,the other isthere to catch him.They are Wellman,whose legs were permanently injurednine years ago in a rock climbingaccident,and Corbett,anexperienced rock climber.Together,they climbed up Half Dome,the famous 2,000foot rock in
5、the Yosemite National Park,through one of the most difficult routes(路线)专题二 真题典例 During the climb,Corbett took the lead,hit in the metalspikes(尖状物)that guided the ropes and climbed up.Then,after Wellman pulled himself up the rope,Corbett went downto remove the spikes and climbed up again.This process
6、 wasrepeated time and again,inch by inch,for 13 days.Wellmans job was not easy either.He got himself up therope through upper body strength alone.In all,Wellmanfigured that he had done 5,000 pull ups up the rope on theclimb.专题二 真题典例 However,when the two men first met,they never talkedabout climbing.
7、“He knew that was how I got injured.”Wellman said.Until one day Wellman decided that he wantedto climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth.At one point,pieces of rock gave way,and Corbett dropped down quickly.Wellman locked their rope in place,stopping the fal
8、l at 20 feet.His quick action probably saved his friends life.专题二 真题典例 “Your partner can save your lifeyou can save yourpartnerslife.”Wellmansaidasthepairreceivedcongratulations from friends，“There are real close ties.”【解析】这是一篇关于友谊的文章。友谊是非常珍贵的，但是对于Wellman和Corbett来说，他们的友谊可以拯救对方的生命。专题二 真题典例()1.Which o
9、f the following was a challenge for Corbettin climbing Half Dome?ATo climb up to remove the spikes.BTo climb it twice.CTo do 5,000 pull ups up the rope.DTo lock the rope in place.【解析】B 细节判断题。根据文章第三段可以知道，Corbett在整个登山过程中要攀登两次。A项climb up，实际上应为climb down；而C、D两项都是Wellman要做的事情，故答案为B。专题二 真题典例()2.Why did th
10、e two men never talk about climbingwhen they first met?ACorbett was poorly trained.BWellman had lost interest in climbing.CCorbett didnt want to hurt Wellman.DWellman hadnt decided whether to climb again.【解析】C 判断推理题。根据第五段，Wellman是因为登山而残疾的，所以他的朋友因为不愿意伤害他而不与他谈论登山的话题。专题二 真题典例()3.What do we know about W
11、ellman?AHe climbed Half Dome by himself.BHe was disabled in a traffic accident.CHe stopped rock climbing for some time.DHe was saved by Corbett during the climb.【解析】C 判断推理题。根据第五段，Wellman九年前因为登山而残疾，直到有一天Wellman决定再次登山，这期间Wellman一直都没有登过山，所以C项为正确答案。专题二 真题典例()4.The main idea of the text is that _.Atwo he
12、ads are better than oneBfriendship is precious in lifeCthe disabled should never give upDa man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated【解析】B 主旨大意题。文章对Wellman和他的好朋友Corbett的故事进行描述的目的就是为了表明友谊的伟大。专题二 新题预测 (一)There has been an outpouring of love for a 23yearolddisabled woman whose dog was killed in front
13、of her while agroomer(美容师)tried to trim(修剪)its claws.Calls and emails came from as far away as the UpperPeninsula and Arizona as well as Oakland and Macombcounties,offering Laurie Crouch,who uses a wheelchairbecause of multiple sclerosis(硬化症),everything from dogs tomoney,such as that from Jason Daly
14、 of Roseville who said,“Iwould like to buy her a new dog.新题预测专题二 新题预测 A story about the death of Crouchs pet,Gooch,wasprinted on the front page of Macomb Daily.Crouch said agroomer tied Gooch up with a collar,and then she and a mansat on the dog to trim its nails.Gooch died after one claw wastrimmed
15、.Crouch yelled at the groomer to stop when she saw Goochwas struggling to breathe,but she said she was ignored.“If Icould have walked,I would have put my hands on her andpulled her off my dog and physically stopped her,but I cant dothat.”Gooch was not a trained service animal,but naturallyhelped Cro
16、uch by picking up things for her专题二 新题预测“This case is absolute animal abuse(虐待)，”LarryObrecht,division manager of the Oakland County AnimalShelter in Auburn Hills,said.People who read the story contacted Oakland Press to offerhelp.A message,from Rebecca Amett of Giggles N WigglesPuppy Rescue,in Rose
17、ville,said,“We have puppies todonate and want to help the young woman who lost herservice dog.”专题二 新题预测“When Gooch was with me,I was happy，”Crouch said，“I think I can be happy again but no animal can replaceGooch.Theres never going to be another Gooch out there but Ithink I will find a dog that can
18、bring me joy again.”【解析】一位23岁的残疾女士，她的狗被宠物美容师压死以后，人们纷纷打电话或者发电子邮件安慰她，并表示愿意为她提供帮助。专题二 新题预测()1.What does the passage mainly tell us?AA disabled womans service dog.BA cruel groomer killed a disabled womans dog.CPeoples love for a disabled woman who lost her dog.DA disabled woman loves to have the dog as
19、company.【解析】C 主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，文章主要叙述了人们对这位失去爱狗的残疾女士的关爱。专题二 新题预测()2.People called and emailed to _.Agive their angry voice to the groomerBoffer help and care to Laurie CrouchCtell Crouch how to punish the groomerDoffer a cure for Crouchs disease【解析】B 细节理解题。从文章第二段everything fromdogs to money,such as th
20、at from Jason Daly of Roseville whosaid,“I would like to buy her a new dog.”和倒数第二段可知B为正确选项。专题二 新题预测()3.Gooch died mainly because _.Athe groomer was carelessBthe groomer didnt know how to trim the dogs nailsCthe groomer sat on the dog with another manDthe dog was wearing a collar【解析】C 细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，
21、宠物美容师和另外一个人坐在狗身上最终导致狗窒息而死。专题二 新题预测()4.What do we know about Crouchs dog?AIt was a specially trained service dog.BIt was trained to do many things for people.CIt was Crouchs only friend.DIt could offer some help to Crouch.【解析】D 细节理解题。从文章第四段可知，Gooch虽然没有经过特殊训练，但能够为Crouch捡起东西，提供给她一些帮助。专题二 新题预测()5.We can
22、 infer from the passage that _.ACrouch must be sad after losing her dogBCrouch refused to take another dogCCrouch has accepted another dog from a strangerDCrouch can live well without a dogs company【解析】A 推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知，Crouch认为没有狗会替代她原来的狗，因此推断Gooch死了以后，她很伤心。专题二 新题预测 (二)After graduation I returned h
23、ome to my small town inIndiana.I didnt have a job yet.Mr.Hobbs,a friend of myfathers,owned a small shirt factory in town.Within the pastfive years it had grown from twenty to eighty workers.Mr.Hobbs was worried that his plant was getting too big andinefficient,so he asked me to come in on a short te
24、rm basis as aconsultant.I went to the plant and spent about a week looking aroundand making notes.I was really amazed at what I saw.专题二 新题预测 Most curious of all,there was no quality control at all.Noone inspected the final product of the factory.As a result,someof the shirts that were put into boxes
25、 for shipment were missingone or two buttons,the collar,and even a sleeve sometimes!The working conditions were poor.The tables where theworkers sat were very high and uncomfortable.Except for ahalf hour at lunchtime,there were no breaks in the day torelieve the boring work.There was no music.The wa
26、lls of theworkrooms were in a dull gray color.I was amazed that theworkers hadnt gone on strike.专题二 新题预测 Furthermore,the work flow was irregular.There was oneespecially absentminded young man in the assembly(组装)linewho sewed on buttons.After a while I recognized him as“BigJim”，who used to sit behind
27、 me in math class in high school.He was very slow and all the shirts were held up at his position.Workers beyond him in line had to wait with nothing to do;therefore,a great deal of time and efficiency were lost as BigJim daydreamed while he worked.All week I wondered why hewasnt fired.After I made
28、observations for a week,Mr.Hobbs asked mefor an oral report of my findings专题二 新题预测()1.The shirts from Mr.Hobbs factory can bedescribed as _.Aof low qualityBof high qualityCfashionableDunfashionable【解析】A 细节理解题。第三段说由于最后的产品无人检查，结果使有些装在箱子里要运送的衬衫缺纽扣、领子、甚至缺袖子，由此可知，Mr.Hobbs 的工厂生产的衬衫质量很差。专题二 新题预测()2.Why did
29、 Mr.Hobbs ask the writer to come to thefactory?AThe factory was too small.BThe factory was not producing fast enough.CThe factory was not big enough.DThe writer was a college graduate.【解析】B 细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句可知，作者被请到工厂去的原因是工厂的效率很低，也就是生产不够快。专题二 新题预测()3.Which is not likely to happen in the factory?AThe w
30、orkers will have more rest in the day.BSomeone will examine the final product.CNew machines will be bought.DThe walls of the workrooms will be repainted.【解析】C 细节判断题。缺乏机器的事文中没有提到，所以买机器的事不可能发生。根据第四段的信息“除了半小时的午休时间，白天再没有放松的时间”可知A项的事情可能会发生；根据第三段的第二句“无人检查最后的产品”可知B项的事情可能会发生；根据第四段的倒数第二句可知D项的事情可能会发生。专题二 新题预测()4.Big Jim may get fired mainly because_.Ahe was slowBhe wasted much timeChe was absentmindedDthe work flow was irregular【解析】C 推理判断题。虽然四个选项在第五段都被提到过，但A、B、D都是因为C引起的，所以C项是 Big Jim可能会被解雇的主要原因。