1、重难语法课(9)名词性从句 语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑连接词引导的是什么从句，在从句中作什么成分。What worries my classmate, Mary, a lot these daysis that she puts on too much weight and is frequently ill.She has some doubts whether she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also, with the College Entrance Examination approaching, sh
2、e becomes more stressful and she couldnt sleep well these days.Maybe this is also the cause that she becomes fatter these days， she thinks. How she becomes slimmer and healthierhas been her main task. So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions. But where she could get better sug
3、gestions and who will give her better advicealso puzzle her. It is her parents suggestion that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests that she keep a balanced diet first. She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber, vitamin and protein. Whats more, if s
4、he wants to lose weight, she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day. Mary asked Professor Wang when she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 oclock in the afternoon because she will have more time to do sports.Thanks to Professor Wang, Mary has
5、 become much healthier now. 用法体悟为主语从句。What(The thing that)在从句中作主语。为表语从句。从句本身意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。为同位语从句。补充说明doubt的具体内容，因doubt (疑惑)的意思本身是不确定的，故由whether引导。为同位语从句。说明the cause的具体内容。为主语从句。表示“如何”变得苗条些和更健康些，故用how引导，how在从句中作方式状语。为主语从句。表示去“哪里”咨询、向“谁”咨询，故分别用where, who引导。为同位语从句。说明suggestion的具体内容，从句内容完整，不缺任何句子成分。为宾语从句
6、。从句内容完整，不缺句子成分。为宾语从句。when在从句中作时间状语。 系统中整合规则 (一)主语从句1that引导的主语从句that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。2whether/if引导的主语从句主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effec
7、tive measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府对水污染将采取什么样的有效措施。3wh类连接词引导的主语从句wh类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等)。What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happines
8、s.芭芭拉琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。4it作形式主语的主语从句有时为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。Its no wonder that he didnt want to go.难怪他不想去。(二)宾语从句1that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略
9、，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。2whether与if引导的宾语从句whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：(1)宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在关系词后时，只能用whether。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/if the report is true or not.我不知道这个报道是否是真的。(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether，whether可与不定式连用。It depends on w
10、hether we have enough time.这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。They dont know whether to go there.他们不知道是否去那里。3连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。4it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语
11、时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he is t
12、aken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。(三)表语从句1that/whether/because/as if (though)引导的表语从句(1)that, whether引导的表语从句。在表语从句中，that无词义，一般不能省略；whether意为“是否”。The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。(2)as if/though引导的表语从句，有时可用虚拟语气。The thick smog covered the whol
13、e city.It was as if/ though a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市，好像一个厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。(3)because, why引导的表语从句。He failed.That is because he didnt work hard.他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。2连接代词、连接副词引导的表语从句(1)连接代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。连接代
14、词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2)连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。Id like to start my own business thats what Id do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。That was where we camped last time.那就是我们上次野营的地方。 (四)同位语从句的连接词同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news, fact, idea, desire, suggestion, promi
15、se, information等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。The report that he was going to resign was false.他将辞职的报道是假的。 集训中明晰考点考点1连接词that与whether/if(1)that只起连接的作用，无词义，不充当句子成分；在宾语从句中
16、可以省略，但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中不能省略；(2)连接词whether表示“是否”，只起连接的作用，不充当句子成分，在部分宾语从句及it作形式主语的主语从句中可以替换成if。1(2020江苏高考改编)It is not a problem we can win the battle; its just a matter of time. 解析：whether/if句意：我们能否打赢这场战争不是问题；这只是时间问题。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。句中的not a problem暗示空格处表示“是否”，故用whether/if引导主语从句。2(2019全国卷)While
17、they are rare north of 88， there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 解析：that分析句子结构可知，设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故填that。3(2018浙江11月高考)It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.解析：that分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句
18、，it作形式主语，真正的主语是设空处引导的从句，故填that。4(2021德州模拟) Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret till next Monday.解析：Whether句意：汤姆是否能赢得电脑比赛要保密到下周一。remain前面是主语从句，根据句意可知用whether引导，表示“是否”。引导主语从句且位于句首，只用whether不用if。考点2连接代词连接代词who“谁”， whom“谁”， whose“谁的”， what“什么；的内容/事情；多么”， which“哪一个”等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词
19、所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如果缺少连接代词，则从句不完整。1(2020浙江7月高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 解析：what句意：几千年来，他们开始对从野外猎取或采集的东西依赖变少，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的农作物。分析句子结构可知， could be hunted or gathered
20、 from the wild作depend on的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。因此填连接代词what。2(2018全国卷)Im not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.解析：who句意：我不确定谁更害怕，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。3(2018北京高考改编)This is my father has taught me to always fa
21、ce difficulties and hope for the best.解析：what句意：这就是父亲教给我的总是面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语， 且表示“的东西”，故填what。4(2021开封模拟)In her panic she couldnt remember was Mr Graingers cabin.解析：which 空处引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，表示“哪一个”，应填which。考点3连接副词连接副词how “的方式”，when“的时间”，where“的地方”，why“的原因”不但起连接作用，且在从句中作状语，表示方式、时间、地点和原因
22、等。 1(2018北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldnt be we are now.解析：where句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。设空处引导表语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用where引导。2(2018江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.解析：how句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，这就是我们如何到达的。how 引导表语从句，作方式状语。3I didnt understand this would happen and my credit
23、 card had already been charged for the reservation.解析：whyunderstand后为宾语从句，根据语境可知，不明白的应该是原因，表示“为什么”，故填why。考点4“疑问词ever”类连接词此类连接词有whatever “无论什么”，whoever“无论谁”， whichever“无论哪一个”，whenever“无论何时”，wherever“无论何地”，however“无论怎么样”等，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。 1(2020江苏高考改编)This actor often has the first two
24、 tricks planned before performing，and then goes for . 解析：whatever句意：这个演员时常在表演前就计划好前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。介词for后接宾语，此处表示无范围的选择，故用whatever。此处可视为名词性从句的省略，即.goes for whatever he wants。2(2020天津5月高考改编)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish I put my mind to. 解析：whatever句意：我的祖母帮助我相信我能完成我下定决心要做的任何事情。
25、这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，且引导词在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“无论什么，任何事情”，故用whatever。3(2018天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.解析：whoever句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。4(2017北京高考改编)Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the
26、Kite Festival.解析：whoever句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whoever。 自测中查漏补缺.单句语法填空1(2021长郡中学模拟)Anyone can practice it and what is required is a simple set including: a brush, ink and paper.2(2021六安模拟)After warning him that he would regret doing it, God made him be sold to a tilem
27、aker.3One concern relates to a lack of control over what appears on the Internet.4(2021安庆模拟)This is because such programs are not natural.5He asked me whether/if I would be interested in doing a parttime job in one of their leading hotels.6(2021黄冈高三模拟)Before serving tea, you may ask them for their p
28、references as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups.7(2021烟台高三模拟)What we should do is to get creative and come up with alternative ways to celebrate.8(2021汕头三模)My belief is where there is a will, there is a way.单句改错1We must find out where Karl is comin
29、g，so we can book a room for him.wherewhen2The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and had been taken away by the police.去掉it3To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know，despite the fact I had paid for a single room.fact后
30、加that4As the College Entrance Examination will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review that what they have learned.去掉that5Its good for us to eat which are rich in vitamins and minerals every day, that is, some fresh vegetables and fruit.whichwhat6Whenever I want to see i
31、t, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front of me.thatwhat.语法填空(2021惠州调研)Today, Mount Qomolangmas peak is not a lonely place any more.Over 3,500 people have 1 (successful)climbed the mountain over the past year.Meanwhile, climbers have complained about 2 (wait)for hours in the
32、 bottlenecks.In fact，the dangerous 3 (crowd)arent the only problem.All those climbers need 4 (bring)a lot of gear (设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain.It is becoming the worlds 5 (tall) rubbish dump.But the good news is 6 some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma.Mounta
33、ineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008.So far they 7 (collect) over 13 tons of garbage.Some of that rubbish is even being used for 8 higher purpose.As part of the Mount Everest 8,848 Art Project，a group of 15 artists from Nepal coll
34、ected 1.5 tons of garbage.Theyve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited 9 Nepals capital.Part of the profit from sales 10 (be)available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.语篇解读：文章主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采
35、取的应对污染的措施和取得的成效。1successfully考查副词。修饰climbed应用副词，故填successfully。2waiting考查动名词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。3crowds考查名词复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式，crowd “人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语arent为复数形式，所以应用复数形式crowds。4to bring考查动词不定式。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth.“需要做某事”。5tallest考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the worlds“全世界范
36、围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级tallest。6that考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故用that引导该从句。7have collected考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填have collected。8a考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。9in考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in。10is考查
37、时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，此处表示单数概念，应填is。.短文改错My grandpa worked as a carpenter, who has devoted all his energy for carpentry for almost sixty years. Several years before, he began to make wooden models of farm tools. On National Day when I returned back and
38、visited him with my parents, he showed me that he had created. He hopes he could expose people to the traditionally way of farming. Now every day, he prepares raw material in the yard, measures them, and polishes them. Ive also picked up carpentry as hobby of mine. Now I am able to make a model by me. And I am determined to make it know to more.答案：第一句：workedworks; 第一个forto第二句：beforeago第三句：去掉returned后的back; thatwhat第四句：traditionallytraditional第五句：materialmaterials第六句：hobby前加a第七句：memyself第八句：knowknown