1、专题一 人物传记型阅读理解 专题一 人物传记型阅读理解 专题导读专题一 专题导读 这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。因此，阅读这类文章应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人公在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节
2、的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类材料时，一定要根据主要情节掌握主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地 专题一 专题导读 根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。这两类阅读材料一般较长，即词数多，而且命题也较多，特别是推理判断题和细节理解题多。考生在做此类阅读理解题时往往觉得材料看得懂，题目不好做。因此，在阅读材料时要把重点放在事情发展的过程和结果上，注意把握事件的发展进程及人物之间的关系、细节与主题的关系，用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点。掌握了这些内容，在做推理判断题时就不会以个人思维想象代替合乎逻辑
3、的推理判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。真题典例专题一 真题典例 2011山东卷 Arthur Miller(19152005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary，drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream”.Howeve
4、r,he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Millers most famous play,Death of a Salesman,is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status a
5、sindicators of worth.In Willy 专题一 真题典例 Loman,the hero of the play,we see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is“burnt out”and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment:if he cant do the work,then he is no good to his employer,the Wagner Company,and he must go.Wi
6、lly is painfully aware of this,and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Dram
7、a Critics Circle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.专题一 真题典例 Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Bro
8、adway.()1.Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA?AHe suffered from severe hunger in his home country.BHe was attracted by the“Great American Dream”CHe hoped to make his son a dramatist.DHis family business failed.()2.The play Death of a Salesman _.Aexposes the cruelty of the American business
9、 world Bdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a company 专题一 真题典例 Ctalks about the business career of Arthur Miller Dfocuses on the skills in doing business ()3.What can we learn about Willy Loman?AHe treats his employer badly.BHe runs the Wagner Company.CHe is a victim of the American system.DHe is
10、regarded as a hero by his colleagues.()4.After it was first staged,Death of a Salesman_.Aachieved huge success Bwon the first Tony Award Cwas warmly welcomed by salesmen Dwas severely attacked by dramatists 专题一 真题典例 ()5.What is the text mainly about?AArthur Miller and his family.BThe awards Arthur M
11、iller won.CThe hardship Arthur Miller experienced.DArthur Miller and his bestknown play.专题一 真题典例 【解析】本文是一篇人物简介。主要介绍了著名的剧作家阿瑟米勒以及他的著名作品推销员之死。1B 细节理解题。根据第一段Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream”可知他是由于受到Great American Dream的吸引才移民美国
12、的。2A 细节理解题。根据第二段Death of a Salesman,is a powerful attack on the American system,with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.可知这部作品揭露了美国商业界的残酷。专题一 真题典例 3C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself i
13、n the end.可知他最终自杀了，由此可知他是美国制度的牺牲品。4A 细节理解题。根据第三段When it was first staged in 1949,It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.可知这部作品在第一次演出时获得了巨大的成功。5D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剧作家阿瑟米勒以及他的著名作品推销员之死。所以答案为D。新题预测专题一 新题预测 (一)Benjamin Banneker was born a few months before another great American George
14、 Washington.Benjamin was black,but he was not a slave.He and his mother and his grandmother were free.Benjamins grandmother came from England.In America she got a job and worked for many years to pay for her boat trip across the ocean.After working many more years,she saved enough money to buy a far
15、m.Benjamin lived with her for a while.She taught him to read and write and do arithmetic.专题一 新题预测 Benjamins neighbors knew that he was clever.They were not surprised when he built a large wooden clock.He made each piece after studying a small pocket watch.The clock made him famous,for it was one of
16、the first clocks built in America.People from other places began to send hard problems of all kinds for Benjamin to settle.Thomas Jefferson learned of Benjamin Bannekers ability to settle hard problems.He askedBanneker to help build the city that was to be the capital of the United States Washington
17、,DC.Banneker worked hard on the plans for the city.He marked where the streets and buildings the Capital(国会大厦),the White House,and many othersshould be built.专题一 新题预测 Later,LEnfant,the Frenchman who had designed the new city,had a quarrel,and went back to France in anger.He took all of the plans wit
18、h him.The workmen couldnt build without any plans to follow.For a while it seemed that the plans for the capital might have to be changed,but Benjamin Banneker remembered the plans he had helped draw.He drew each again as he had built each piece of his clock.If it werent for Benjamin Banneker,Washin
19、gton,DC might look very different from the way it does today.专题一 新题预测 ()1.Benjamin Banneker is remembered to this day mainly because_.Ahe made one of the first clocks in America Bhe used to be an assistant to LEnfant,who had designed the city Washington Che designed the city Washington when LEnfant
20、left Dhe was able to build the city Washington as LEnfant left with his plans ()2.When Banneker built a large wooden clock，_.Apeople in America showed no surprise Bhis name spread all over America Che became the first man in America to build a clock 专题一 新题预测 Dpeople came from other places to congrat
21、ulate him ()3.Thomas Jefferson asked Banneker to help build the city Washington because he was told that Banneker was_.Afamous Bclever Chardworking Dserious ()4.In building the city Washington,Banneker showed_.Ahe had a good memory Bhe was never tired of working Che feared no difficulties Dhe was go
22、od at drawing 专题一 新题预测 ()5.The French designer LEnfant had a quarrel with the Americans and returned to France_.Aworriedly Bangrily Cexcitedly Dcalmly 专题一 新题预测 【解析】本文是人物介绍。全文介绍了黑人设计师本杰明拜内克。1D 推理判断题。全文叙述了他做的两件事制造了美国最早的一批钟中的一个；设计了美国首都华盛顿。显然前者不如后者名声大。尤其结合分析If it werent for Benjamin Banneker，Washington
23、DC might look very different from the way it does today.可判断选 D。2B 细节理解题。从The clock made him famous及下句得此答案。A项有一定干扰性，people应改为his neighbors。专题一 新题预测 3B 推理判断题。从第三段Thomas Jefferson learned of Benjamin Bannekers ability to settle hard problems.得知，杰斐逊欣赏拜内克的聪明才智。4A 推理判断题。从最后两段我们知道，在LEnfant 带走所有的设计图以后，Banne
24、ker仍能记住设计图的内容，因此我们说他有很好的记忆力。5B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段Later,LEnfant,the Frenchman who had designed the new city,had a quarrel,and went back to France in anger.可判断选B。专题一 新题预测 (二)Think of some of your favorite singers.When you listen,they can make you happy or sad,peaceful or angry.They can make you relax or wa
25、nt to get up and dance.Gifted singers have the power to affect us in many ways emotionally,physically and mentally.But becoming a great singer isnt as easy as listening to one.It takes practice,devotion and strong lungs!Just ask the wellknown American opera star why Carol Vaness.专题一 新题预测 At the Metr
26、opolitan Opera in New York City where she often sings,Carols voice must be loud enough to be heard by four thousand people.It must reach every person in the theater,without a microphone,even when shes singing softly.The reason why Carol can project her voice that far is the way she breathes.“When yo
27、u breathe,its like a swimmer taking a deep breath before going underwater,”Carol explains.“You have to take a lot of air into your lungs.”According to Carol,the main difference between pop singing and opera is“how you breathe,how much air you take in,and how you control it coming out.Regular singing
28、 is more like speaking,and its a lot softer.专题一 新题预测 When I sing for children,theyre often surprised by how the vibrations(震动)strike their ears like waves on a beach,”Carol says.“In opera,the air doesnt just go out of your mouth it vibrates in your chest,the way a guitar vibrates when its played.”Ev
29、er since she started piano lessons at the age of ten,Carol has loved music.As she got older,she decided to become a music teacher.When she went to college,she took singing lessons as part of her studies.Her voice teacher discovered that nineteen-yearold Carol had an exceptionally beautiful soprano v
30、oicethe highest singing voice for women.专题一 新题预测 Carol decided to make opera her goal,not only because she loved to sing but also because she loved the drama.Opera is a play in which the characters sing the words instead of speaking them.The stories of opera can be tragic or comical.They can be pers
31、onal stories about two people falling in love or grand stories about kings and queens who lived long ago.Today,Carol performs throughout the United States and Europe and she has sung for almost twenty years.But she has never forgotten where she started singing in the first place.“Put_your_heart_into
32、_your_singing and enjoy it，”says Carol,“because singing is a great joy.Thats why I sing.In fact,thats why everybody sings.”专题一 新题预测 ()1.According to the passage,the Metropolitan Opera in New York City _.Ais a fivestory building Bcan seat 4,000 people Chas no microphone in it Dcan project the singers
33、 voice ()2.What is the best title for this passage?AOpera Singing and Pop Singing BThe Way an Opera Star Sings CAn Opera Star DSinging without a Microphone 专题一 新题预测 ()3.Which statement is TRUE?AA pop singer breathes more deeply than an opera singer when he or she sings.BOpera singing is more like sp
34、eaking.CA pop singer takes in much more air than an opera singer when singing.DAn opera singer breathes differently from a pop singer when singing.()4.From the passage you can conclude all the following EXCEPT that _.ACarol once learned to play the piano BCarol worked as a music teacher CCarol has b
35、een singing opera for 20 years or so DCarol is popular with Americans and Europeans 专题一 新题预测 ()5.The sentence“Put your heart into your singing”in the last paragraph means“_”Adevoting yourself to singing Btaking trouble to sing Csinging happily Dtrying your best to sing 专题一 新题预测 【解析】本文是人物介绍。全文介绍了美国著名
36、的歌剧明星Carol Vaness的成长经历，以及她对歌剧中用声的看法。1B 细节理解题。从第三段Carols voice must be loud enough to be heard by four thousand people.可以得出答案。2C 主旨大意题。全文介绍了美国著名的歌剧明星Carol Vaness。3D 细节理解题。从第五段According to Carol,the main difference between pop singing and opera is“how you breathe，”可以得出答案。专题一 新题预测 4B 细节理解题。从第六段As she got older,she decided to become a music teacher.我们很容易认为她做了音乐老师，然而从后文第七段Carol decided to make opera her goal我们可以知道，B是应该排除的。5A 句意猜测题。此句与第二段But becoming a great singer isnt as easy as listening to one.It takes practice,devotion and strong lungs！相呼应，由此分析可判断选A。