1、Section Grammar现在分词(短语)作状语1(教材P26)I stood for a minute watching(watch) them and then went to greet them.2(教材P26)Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling(smile), together with George Cook from Canada.3(教材P26)In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their fee
2、lings using(use) unspoken “language” through physical distance，actions or posture.4Having smoked(smoke) too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.5Hearing(hear) the news, they jumped for joy.现在分词(短语)作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)Walking in the par
3、k, she saw an old friend.When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when或while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)Being ill, he couldnt go to school.As he was ill, he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。3作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加i
4、f, unless等连词)Working hard, youll make great progress.If you work hard, youll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。4作结果状语现在分词(短语)作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The plate dropped from her hands，breaking into pieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。现在分词(短语)作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加
5、thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词(短语)作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom，read
6、ing a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。为强调动词ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。【即时演练1】单句语法填空Hearing(he
7、ar) the news, they immediately set off for the station. Using(use) a stick, the painter drew a picture on the ground in ten minutes.The child slipped and fell, hitting(hit) his head against the door.Living(live) miles away, he attended the lecture. He lay in bed, reading(read) a novel.现在分词(短语)作状语注意事
8、项1现在分词的时态现在分词(短语)作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking along the street, I saw this bar.我正在大街上行走时，看到了这个酒吧。(Walking和谓语动词saw同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having finished the letter, he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(Having finished是先发生的
9、，went是后发生的)【即时演练2】单句语法填空The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.Having worked(work) for three hours, he took a rest.Having lived(live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well.Seeing(see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them
10、 a note.2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。Having tried many times, he still couldnt overcome his difficulties. (现在分词的主动式)
11、尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。【即时演练3】单句语法填空Having spent(spend) all his money, the boy had to give his mother a call.Having been told(tell) for several times, he still couldnt understand the rules.Having received(receive) his reply, she rang him up.Having been asked(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a
12、wonderful film.3现在分词的否定式：notv.ing; not havingv.edNot knowing what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back.不知道要做什么，孩子们只好等他们的父母回来。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4独立主格现在分词(短语)作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可
13、以表示时间、原因或条件。The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。【即时演练4】用现在分词(短语)的独立主格结构改写下列句子If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.After Mary came back, they d
14、iscussed it together.Mary coming back, they discussed it together.5现在分词(短语)作评注性状语有些现在分词(短语)在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”， judging by/from .“从判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。 单句语法填空1H
15、e forgot to turn on the radio, thus missing(miss) the program.2Last week, Li Ming and I, representing(represent) our school, attended a competition and won second place.3We were about to leave the office when Sam came rushing(rush) in with a message of the talk.4Peter made a car using(use) some part
16、s of other old cars.5Armed with a new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping(hope) to find buried treasure.6Hearing(hear) their teachers voice, the students stopped talking at once.7Compared(compare) with many other women, she leads a very happy life.8Their car was caught in a traffic jam
17、, causing(cause) them to be late.9Given(give) another five minutes, I can finish the work on time.10Having_finished(finish) the 800meter race, he was of course out of breath. 句型转换1If you work hard, youll succeed in passing the exam.Working hard, youll succeed in passing the exam.2When they heard the
18、ir teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.Hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.3If we stand on top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.Standing on top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.4After/when he had finished his homework, the boy was a
19、llowed to watch TV play.Having finished his homework, the boy was allowed to watch TV play.5Because he didnt know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. 语法与写作1昨晚，几百万人通过电视观看
20、了开幕式的现场直播。Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.2律师全神贯注地听，努力地不错过任何一点。The lawyer listened with full attention, trying not to miss any point3如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.4这部电影他已看过两遍了，他不想去看了。Having alread
21、y seen the film twice, he didnt want to go to the cinema.5几乎把所有的钱都花光了，我们住不起旅店了。Having spent nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.6由于很久没有收到儿子的来信，这位母亲很担心。Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. 单句语法填空1Charlie Chaplin appears on the stage, w
22、earing a small hat and holding a walking(walk) stick.2Jackson stood in front of his son, trying(try) to control his anger.3The headmaster came up to the boys playing(play) basketball on the playground.4Though feeling(feel) upset, Helen pretended to be cheerful when she came back home after work.5His
23、 uncle died, leaving(leave) him a large amount of money.6My grandmother doesnt like to sit here doing(do) nothing all day long.7Taking(take) a deep breath, they dived into the cold water and saved the drowning(drown) boy.8Our monitor didnt change much after graduation, except getting(get) a little f
24、atter.9His parents got killed in the earthquake, leaving(leave) him an orphan.10Having_waited(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Joey realized that he had left his wallet at home. 阅读理解In the United States, many teachers keep fish, hamsters(仓鼠), and other animals in their classrooms. Teachers say s
25、tudents learn important lessons from the animals. More than 70 percent of teachers who have classroom pets say the animals help students learn responsibility. Research also shows that classroom pets can reduce stress.“Pets can comfort kids who are having a bad day，” says Lisa Robbins, who works for
26、a group called Pets in the Classroom.But others think pets should be expelled from classrooms. In January, the Durango School District in Colorado began following a nopet policy(政策). Now animals can be brought into Durango schools for certain lessons, but they cant stay. Officials were worried that
27、animals might create problems for kids with allergies(过敏症). They were also concerned about the animals getting proper care.Heres what two of our readers think.Having classroom pets gives students a fun way to learn about animals. In my class last year, we had a class pet named Elliot. Our teacher al
28、so used him to teach us about different subjects. For example, in math, we calculated how much it costs to feed Elliot for a year.Pets also help kids learn how to work as a team. My classmates and I took turns feeding Elliot and cleaning his tank.If teachers are worried about students with allergies
29、, they could get pets that dont have fur.DLasia Mays, TexasClassroom pets can take away valuable class time. Some students might have a hard time focusing on the teacher when there are animals in the room.Plus, having a classroom pet can cause safety problems. You never know how an animal will react
30、 to students. Even a cute little hamster might hurt a kid who sticks his or her hand in its cage.Patrick McKinney, Ohio【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。美国很多学校都有教室宠物，因为它们可以让各科教学变得妙趣横生并培养孩子们的责任心，但有些人也指出了教室饲养宠物所带来的不利因素和危险。1What does the underlined word “expelled” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AAllowed.BRemoved.CProtected
31、. DEducated.B解析：词义猜测题。第一段介绍了许多美国老师饲养教室宠物的原因是help students learn responsibility和reduce stress，而由画线词前But一词的转折以及下文介绍the Durango School District in Colorado began following a nopet policy(政策)可知，有些人认为宠物应该“被赶出”教室。2What has happened in Durango schools?AClassroom pets are not allowed.BAnimals are not allowe
32、d at schools.CMany teachers have pets without fur.DMany students are allergic to animals.A解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的the Durango School District in Colorado began following a nopet policy(政策)和Now animals can be brought into Durango schools for certain lessons, but they cant stay.可知，该地所有学校实施无宠物政策，除非有特殊需求，动物不得带入学
33、校。即不允许教室里饲养宠物。3What does DLasia Mays think of Elliot?AHe needs special training.BHe needs more proper care.CHe has educational value for kids.DHe is not only lovely but very smart.C解析：推理判断题。由DLasia Mays说教室里有宠物的益处a fun way to learn about animals.used him to teach us about different subjects和help kids
34、 learn how to work as a team可知，她认为教室宠物Elliot对孩子们来说有教育价值。4Who is against having classroom pets?AThe author.BLisa Robbins.CPatrick McKinney.DDLasia Mays teacher.C解析：推理判断题。由Patrick McKinney所表达的对于饲养教室宠物的观点take away valuable class time.a hard time focusing on the teacher和cause safety problems可知，他反对饲养教室宠物
35、。 完形填空It was around 5 am on a Saturday morning when my wifes waters(羊水) broke. She was going to give birth to a child. It was the first day of her _1_. She had just said goodbye to her busy work and _2_ to get several days rest before the babys birth. However, the baby _3_ her plan. We got to the _4
36、_ at 5：30 am Then, in the afternoon, I heard loud high noises and words of _5_ to “push”. Around 3：30 pm that day, our baby was born.Birth is a _6_ process. Im sure no one knows more about that than mothers. But even for the baby, it is difficult. However, there is a valuable lesson to _7_. “Achievi
37、ng dreams is never a painless process. It is the _8_ and pain of the undesirable position we are in that _9_ us to reach out to something better.” Imagine what would _10_ if the birthing process was _11_ painless. The mother may not pushthere will be nothing motivating(激励) her to push. The pain is a
38、 motivating _12_. Because it is the desire to _13_ the pain as quickly as possible that forces her to push. _14_， the pain plays an important role in making our dreams come true. If we are happy or _15_ with our present situation, we will not “push” to _16_ our dreams. There will be no motivation to
39、 push _17_ we dont feel the pain. It is interesting that most things we need to do in order to move forward eventually _18_ pain. Therefore, pain is good. It is the sign to remind us that something is wrong and we should do something to change our situation. Dont lose sight of it or try to cover it
40、up. _19_ it and we need take _20_【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从妻子分娩的痛苦经历中得出了一个人生道理孕育并实现梦想同样需要经历痛苦，这是激励人们改变现状的动力。1A.study BexamCtreatment DleaveD解析：根据上文中的It was the first day.以及下文中的said goodbye to her busy work.可知，作者妻子第一天“休假”。2A.failed BdecidedCrefused DhappenedB解析：根据上文中的She had just said goodbye to her busy w
41、ork.可知，作者的妻子“决定”休息几天。3A.announced BdevelopedCagreed DchangedD解析：根据上文的作者妻子想要休息几天却即将分娩可知，孩子“改变”了她的计划。4A.school BhospitalCcompany DfactoryB解析：根据上文的It was around 5 am on a Saturday morning.以及.She was going to give birth to a child.可知，他们在早上五点半到达“医院”。5A.encouragement BlaughterCappreciation DcommentA解析：根据上
42、文作者的妻子即将分娩以及语境可知，作者听到的是尖叫声，以及医护人员的“鼓励声”。6A.popular BpleasantCpainful DnaturalC解析：根据下文的But even for the baby, it is difficult.及常识可知，生孩子是一个“痛苦的”过程。7A.learn BresearchCoffer DdesignA解析：根据下文中的Achieving dreams is never a painless process.以及语境可知，作者从这件事中“学会了”一个珍贵的道理。8A.disability BdislikeCdisagreement Ddisc
43、omfortD解析：根据上文中的Achieving dreams is never a painless process.可知，正是因为我们的处境中的“不适”和痛苦才迫使我们想要变得更好。9A.forbid BforceCallow DwantB解析：根据语境以及上下文可知，正是因为我们的处境中的不适和痛苦才“迫使”我们想要变得更好。10A.lose BfallChappen DrepeatC解析：根据下文中的The mother may not pushthere will be nothing motivating(激励) her to push.可知，此处表达的是设想一下会“发生”什么。
44、11A.directly BsuddenlyCtruly DcompletelyD解析：根据上文的内容及语境可知，此处表达想象一下如果分娩过程是“完全”无痛的那会怎么样？12A.factor BstoryCinfluence DprocessA解析：根据下文中的.that forces her to push.可知，痛苦就是一个激励的“因素”。13A.end BfeelCshow DdescribeA解析：根据上文可知，痛苦是一个具有激励作用的因素，是因为正是渴望尽快“结束”这种痛苦才会迫使作者的妻子去使劲用力。14A.Firstly BFortunatelyCSimilarly DShort
45、lyC解析：根据下文中的.the pain plays an important role in making our dreams come true.以及作者由分娩引申到孕育梦想可知，此处为“同样地”。15A.disappointed BsatisfiedCimpressed DfamiliarB解析：根据下文中的.we will not “push”.可知，如果我们对现状感到“满意”。16A.imagine BexpressCrecord DrealizeD解析：根据上文中的Achieving dreams is never a painless process.可知，如果满足于现状，就
46、不会努力去“实现”梦想。17A.though BifCuntil DbutB解析：根据上下文以及语意可知，“如果”我们感觉不到痛苦，就不会有努力的动力。18A.suffer BstopCcause DexperienceC解析：根据下文中的Therefore, pain is good. It is the sign.to change our situation.可知，有时候为了前进，我们做的一些事情最终会“带来”痛苦。19A.Notice BBelieveCTrack DControlA解析：根据上文中的Dont lose sight of it or try to cover it up
47、.可知，我们应该“注意”到它。20A.time BnotesCphotos DactionD解析：根据上文中的.do something to change our situation. Dont lose sight of it or try to cover it up.可知，我们应该注意到它并采取“行动”。 语法填空Even if youve never been to Kenya, chances are that you know what it looks like. Kenyas savanna(热带草原) is the scenery 1._ many people would
48、 think of when they talk about Africa. Most Kenyans live in the highlands, where Nairobi, the capital, sits at 2._ altitude of 5，500 feet. In Kenya, more than 60 languages 3._(speak) and there are more than 40 ethnic(种族的) groups. Almost everyone there speaks more than one African language.School is
49、free in Kenya, but many children are too busy 4._ go to classes. They help 5._(they) families by working the land, cooking, or doing housework. Music and storytelling 6._(be) important parts in Kenyan culture. For centuries, people throughout the country have used songs, stories, and poems 7._(pass)
50、 on their beliefs, history, and customs.Kenyas 8._(locate) between the Indian Ocean and Lake Victoria means that people from all over Africa and the Middle East have traveled and traded across it for centuries. This has created a different culture with many ethnic groups and 9._(language). In fact,
51、scientists think Northern Kenya and Tanzania may have been the 10._(origin) birthplace of humans.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了肯尼亚的地理位置、语言、教育以及文化等。1that/which解析：考查定语从句的引导词。根据语境可知，此句是一个限制性定语从句，且先行词the scenery在定语从句中作宾语，所以用that/which引导。2an解析：考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且altitude是以元音音素开头的，所以用不定冠词an。3are spoken解析：考查动词的时态和语态。
52、此处表示一般事实，所以用一般现在时，又因为languages是speak的承受者，所以用被动语态，故填are spoken。4to解析：考查介词。too.to表示“太而不能”。根据语境可知，此处意为：虽然在肯尼亚上学是免费的，但是很多孩子太忙了而不能去上课。所以此处填介词to。5their解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“他们的家人”，所以用形容词性物主代词their。6are解析：考查主谓一致。主语是Music and storytelling，且表示一般情况，所以谓语动词用are。7to pass解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语，所以填to pass。8location解析：考查名词。根据语境可知，此处是讲肯尼亚的地理位置，所以用locate的名词形式location。9languages解析：考查名词复数形式。根据前面的限定词many可知，此处用language的复数形式，所以填languages。10original解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词birthplace，表示“发源地”，所以填origin的形容词形式original。
