1、Unit 5 The power of nature一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1diagram n. 图解；图表；示意图2volcano n. 火山3ash n. 灰；灰末4hurricane n. 飓风；风暴5questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表6database n. 数据库；资料库7fountain vi.& vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出n. 喷泉；源泉8helmet n. 头盔9boot n. 靴子10sample n. 样品；样本11bungalow n. 平房；小屋12typhoon n. 台风13thunders
2、torm n. 雷暴14document n. 文件；证件15rainbow n. 彩虹16balcony n. 阳台(二)背重点单词写对才行1alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边prep. 在旁边；沿着的边2wave n. 波浪；波涛 vi. 波动；起伏；挥手3potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能adj. 可能的；潜在的4actual adj. 实在的；实际的 5candidate n. 候选人；候补者6precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的7shoot vt. 射中；射伤8shot n. 射击；枪炮声9tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖10sweat n. 汗v
3、i. 出汗11panic vi.& vt. 惊慌 n. 惊慌；恐慌12bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳 13arouse vt. 激发；唤醒14guarantee vt. 保证；担保(三)背拓展单词用准才行1equip v配备；装备equipment n设备；装备2appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n任命；约定3evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计evaluation n评估4absolute adj.绝对的；完全的absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地5suit n一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜suitable adj.适宜的；合适的6erupt vi.(指火
4、山)爆发；突然发生eruption n火山爆发；(战争等)爆发7novel n小说adj.新奇的novelist n小说家8conscious adj.有知觉的；有意识的unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的consciously adv.有意识地9anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的anxiously adv.不安地anxiety n担心；焦虑；渴望10appreciate vt.欣赏；感激appreciation n欣赏；感激；感谢；鉴赏11fog n雾；烟雾foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的12comfort vt.使安慰comfortable adj.自在的；舒
5、适的uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的13diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的diversity n多种多样；多样性语境活用1It helps children to develop an appreciation (appreciate) of poetry and literature.2I felt uncomfortable (comfortable) in my stomach because I ate too much.3In our office, Jim is an absolutely (absolute) brilliant expert in
6、computers, and he always solves the complex problems in a few minutes.4He was appointed as manager of the company. But to everyones surprise, he didnt accept the appointment.(appoint)5He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety. (anxious)6People from diverse cultures hold different und
7、erstanding on the play and this diversity of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)7Do you want to evaluate your intelligence？Just complete the evaluation from below, please.(evaluate)8Tom was badly hurt and still unconscious after the accident, but his wife was consci
8、ous and was smiling to us consciously.(conscious)(四)背高频单词先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1appoint vt.任命；委派；约定背词条用法(1)appoint sb. as/to be . 任命某人为appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事(2)make an appointment with sb. 与某人预约/约会keep/break an appointment 守/违(爽)约背写作佳句I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities
9、 on that day.我被指定负责安排那一天的所有活动。(2020全国卷书面表达)Can we make an appointment to meet you at your office？我们可以做一个约定去你办公室见你吗？2suit n一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜背词条用法(1)a suit of一套suit .to . 使适合follow suit 仿效(2)be suited for/to sth. (某人)适合某物(3)be suitable for sb. (某物)适合某人be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事背写作佳句As students，youd b
10、etter choose the activities which interest you and suit you.作为学生，你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students.本课程适合初学者和高年级学生。3anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的背词条用法(1)be anxious 为担心/担忧be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事(2)with anxietyanxiously 焦虑地；焦急地背写作佳句Men are anxious to improve their
11、circumstances，but are unwilling to improve themselves; they therefore remain bound.人们渴望改善他们的周遭环境，但是却不愿意改善自己，他们因此停留在原地，无法进步。The old woman was awaiting the return of her relatives with anxiety.老妇人焦急地等待着她的亲戚们回来。4panic n惊慌；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌背词条用法(1)in panic惊慌失措地get into a panic 陷入恐慌(2)panic . into doing
12、sth. 使惊慌地做某事背写作佳句I have to admit that I was in panic when I saw this message in the first.我不得不承认当我最初看到这些信息时我感到恐慌。She gets into a mad panic when she couldnt find the exit. 由于找不到出口，她陷入了恐慌之中。5guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单背词条用法(1)guarantee to do sth.保证做某事guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
13、give sb. a guarantee that . 向某人保证背写作佳句(2020天津7月高考书面表达)I guarantee to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a reliable person in the future.我保证会以他们为榜样，承担起自己的责任，将来成为一个值得信赖的人。The car is less than a year old, and therefore still under guarantee.这辆车用了不到一年，因此还在保修期内。 (五)背短语词块表达出彩，需多积词块才
14、行单元短语再认再现1burn to the ground全部焚毁2make ones way 前往3be suitable for 适合；适于4make up 组成；构成5get close to 靠近6glance through 匆匆看一遍7be home to . 是的家园；为栖息地8be about to 即将9vary from . to . 由到不等10give birth to 生产；产生11have a gift for 有的天赋12take notice 留意；注意13compare with 与相比14wave goodbye to 向挥手告别重点短语拓展用活1make o
15、nes way前往背相关短语fight ones way奋力前进lose ones way 迷路feel ones way 摸索前进push ones way 挤出来wind ones way 蜿蜒前进背写作佳句(2020全国卷书面表达)We made our way to the fields singing and laughing.我们又唱又笑地向田野走去。The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.长城像一条巨龙蜿蜒穿过中国北方。2vary from .to .由到不等背相关短语(1)vary i
16、n . 在(大小、形状等)上不同vary with 随变化/改变(2)a wide variety of/varieties of种种；各种各样的背写作佳句Wedding traditions and customs vary from one country to another.不同国家的婚礼传统和习俗不同。There are many flowers in the garden that vary in color and size.花园里有许多色彩和大小各异的花朵。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句多“输入”才能巧“输出”教材内句式举一反三1The other two climbed d
17、own into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.(独立主格结构)另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。佳句I heard that he got injured in the accident, my heart full of worries.听说他在这起事故中受了伤，我内心充满了担忧。佳句Time permitting, I
18、expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.如果时间允许，我希望有更多的空闲时间和我的朋友在一起，这样我们可以有一个更好的关系。佳句Some falling behind, others would come and offer help.有些人落后了，其他人会来提供帮助。2It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the fa
19、ther of the Manchu people.(“It is said that .”句式)据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和说服力。佳句It is believed that advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.人们相信广告往往是最有效的促销手段。佳句(2018全国卷书面表达)It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to you.希望这些建议对你有很大的帮助。佳句(2020江苏高考书面表达)It is known t
20、hat China enjoys a long history and rich culture.众所周知，中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。同主题佳句熟读成诵1Recent years have seen a big increase in natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, which are big threats to peoples lives.最近几年自然灾害频发，例如地震、飓风、洪水等，这对人们的生命是个大的威胁。2We should adopt conservation，reusing an
21、d recycling approaches to solve the problem and take good care of our environment.我们应该采取节约、重新利用和回收利用的办法来解决这个问题，好好保护我们的环境。3It is urgent for us to do our best to protect the earth and make it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.我们迫切需要尽我们最大的
22、努力来保护地球并使它成为一个适合居住的地方，因为除了我们现在居住的地方，我们没有别的地方可以去并生存下来。(二)背满分作文好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点倡议书(二)题目要求近年来，随着科技的发展，可用于学习的电子产品也越来越多，学生的汉字书写能力大大降低。假定你是李华，是校书法协会的会长，为了让同学们重视书写，你打算写一封倡议书，向校报“英语天地”栏目投稿，内容包括：1减少对电子产品的依赖，多动手记笔记；2养成练书法和写日记的习惯。注意：1词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 背范文Dear students，With the development of technolog
23、y, more and more students tend to use electric products for taking notes, rather than writing on the paper. As a consequence, our handwriting is not as good as it was in the past. To solve this problem, we should do as follows：First, we should use less electric products while learning so that we can
24、 have more chances to improve our handwriting. Also it is necessary that we form the habit of practicing calligraphy and keeping a diary every day. Whats more, it is also a good way to write letters to our relatives and friends by hand.Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students. So
25、lets take action right now! Im sure our efforts will eventually pay off!Calligraphy Association学亮点1学高级表达(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：take notes, as a consequence, as follows, be beneficial to, take action, pay off等。(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：状语从句的省略while learning；目的状语从句so that we can have more chances to improve our handwriti
26、ng；it作形式主语Also it is necessary that .和it is also a good way to write letters to .等，增强了文章的表达效果，是加分的亮点所在。2学精彩结尾结尾先用Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students.强调了好的书法对学生们的重要性。然后用So lets take action .提出行动倡议。最后用Im sure .从作者自己的角度表达了信心。衔接自然、流畅，话语非常有感召力。3学过渡衔接文章中as a consequence, first, so
27、that, also, whats more, so等过渡词语和过渡句To solve this problem, we should do as follows的使用使文章叙述更合理，行文更连贯，逻辑更严密。4防微点失分考生容易把“rather than writing on the paper”中的writing误用成write，或把“Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students.”中的beneficial误用成benefit，从而导致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺打牢必备知识全面练练清易错微点.单词拼写1The
28、 hurricane (飓风) is moving to the west at about 18 miles per hour.2Wear your safety helmet (头盔) when you go down. Dont take any chances.3She gave me a diagram (图表) of railway network.4The violent eruption of volcano (火山) sometimes makes many people lose their lives.5They walked alongside (沿着的边) the r
29、oad, talking happily.6.Once more people are wired, the potential (潜能) to change the mainstream media will be huge.7Social life is the fountain (源泉) of wisdom of writers.8The whole house trembled (摇晃) when the train went by.9The long climb made us sweat (流汗)10He made that mistake unconsciously (未觉察),
30、 which made him upset.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思1.When I found out, I wanted to give him a boot up the backside.踢2.The windows fogged immediately.起雾3The book documents the postwar Chinese experience.记录4(2019全国卷)During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers thought about the small dog he had
31、 seen trembling alongside the road.在旁边5A few tender shoots had started to appear.幼芽The film was shot in Prague.拍摄6.(熟词生义)I sweated night and day to get it done on time.艰苦努力.单句语法填空1A man in the river was shouting and waving (wave) his arms around desperately.2.Another group began removing seats and o
32、ther theater equipment (equip) in preparation for the buildings end.3Just as is known to all, everything is not absolutely (absolute) right. 4An appreciation (appreciate) of art will enrich your life.5The eruption (erupt) of a volcano is spontaneous. 6Evaluation (evaluate) is standard practice for a
33、ll training arranged through the school.7Actually (actual), Im busy at the moment can I call you back?8Helen is a very wellknown novelist (novel) in Australia.9It was now the middle of November, cold and often foggy (fog)10His object is to gather as great a diversity(diverse) of material as possible
34、.名师点拨“一站清”(1)have the potential to do sth.“有潜力做某事”。(2)boot n靴子，也可用作动词，意为“踢”。(3)fog n雾；烟雾，用作动词时意为“起雾”。(4)sweat 常用作名词形式，意为“汗水”，用作动词时意为“艰苦努力”。(5)equipment通常用作不可数名词；“一件设备”应表达为“a piece of equipment”。重点练深化高频考点1appoint明其义vt.任命；委派；约定通其用(1)单句语法填空Yesterday, Sam was appointed as manager of the engineering depa
35、rtment.You can put the books in the appointed (appoint) place, and other participants can have free access to them.(2018北京高考)Good morning, Mr.Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment (appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.He was appointed to solve (solve) the problem of environmental
36、 pollution.(2)补全句子A punctual person is in the habit of keeping an appointment and never breaks an appointment.一个守时的人有守约的习惯，从不违约。2suit明其义n一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜通其用(1)单句语法填空A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am very suited (suit)
37、 for this job. (2019江苏高考书面表达)Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable (suit)You will complete at least one manuscript (手稿) suitable to hand (hand) in to a publisher by the time you finish our course. (2020江苏高考)If you look at all sides of the situa
38、tion, youll find probably a solution that suits (suit) everyone.(2)一句多译他不适合这份工作，两周后就离职了。He wasnt suited for the job and left after two weeks.(suited)The job wasnt suitable for him and he left after two weeks.(suitable)The job didnt suit him and he left after two weeks.(suit)(3)选词填空(suit/fit/match)Th
39、e hat doesnt suit her, for one thing it doesnt fit because of its size; for another its color doesnt match her charming face.解其困suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等； 而fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。3anxious明其义adj.忧虑的；不安的通其用(1)单句语法填空The drought had lasted several months, which made farmers anxious (anxiety)(201
40、9天津高考)She was anxious to know (know) what had happened.Jack still cant help being anxious about his job interview.Anxiously (anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.(2)一句多译我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.We w
41、aited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.4panic明其义n惊慌；恐慌vi.& vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌通其用单句语法填空Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic.Hearing the gun, the deer was panicked (panic) into runnin
42、g straight for the headlights.解其困注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。5guarantee明其义vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单通其用(1)单句语法填空He guarantees to pay (pay) off his debts on time, no matter what happens.The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guara
43、ntee, we would repair it at our expense.(2)补全句子Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?你能向我保证这项工作会按时完成吗？学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用强化关键能力词块的验收盘点.词块点点练选词填空compare with， be home to， burn to the ground， wave goodbye to， make ones way， have a gift for， glance through， vary from .to .1Comp
44、ared with other European countries, lifestyle in Italy is slower and more relaxing in its own way.2.Changbaishan is Chinas largest nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.3.If the bottle of gas catches fire, the whole building may be burned to the ground.4.My mothe
45、r cried when I waved goodbye to her.5Look! Many children are making their way to the beach.6The manager was rushing to the airport so he glanced through the report the secretary had typed.7.Though he is young, he has a gift for learning foreign languages.8(2019全国卷)Typing patterns vary from person to
46、 person.名师点拨“一站清”(1)be home to “是的家园”，其中，home前无冠词，to是介词。(2)burn to the ground“全部焚毁”，本短语中一定要有the。(3)wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手告别 向某人挥手(4)have a gift for 有的天赋.易错对对碰辨析比较1go through VS get through比较When you have finished your list of personal preferences, go through it again.This morning I tried to teleph
47、one you but I couldnt get through.辨清(1)go through 通过；经历；仔细检查(2)get through 接通电话；做完；熬过2vary in VS vary with比较As in China, the climate in Canada varies with the area.These toys vary in shape and color, attracting childrens attention.辨清(1)vary in . 在(大小、形状等)上不同(2)vary with 随变化/改变句式的验收盘点(一)独立主格结构通其用1单句语
48、法填空The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.The task completed (complete), we had a global traveling.Such an able man to help (help) you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.2补全句子Her glasses broken, she couldnt see the words on the blackboard.由于她的眼镜破了，她无法看清黑板
49、上的字。Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。解其困独立主格结构的常用形式：(1)逻辑主语现在分词(2)逻辑主语过去分词(3)逻辑主语动词不定式(4)逻辑主语形容词/副词/名词/介词短语注意：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。(二)“It is said that .”句式通其用1句型转换It is said that the new mayor will come
50、into power next month.The new mayor is said to come into power next month.It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.Carbon dioxide is said to be heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.It is said that the early European playingcards wer
51、e designed for entertainment and education. The early European playingcards are said to have been designed for entertainment and education.2补全句子It is said that the film can be more popular with the audience. 据说这部电影更受观众的欢迎。It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.人们希望这种可怕的疾病能很快得到
52、控制。It is believed that John will help us with some money.大家都相信约翰会资助我们一些钱的。解其困(1)句式“It is said that .Sb. is said to do sth.”，意为“据说”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。在该句型中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。(2)其他类似表达还有：It is thought that .据认为It is believed that . 人们相信It is reported that . 据报道It is hoped that . 人们希望It is wellkn
53、own that . 众所周知学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘提升学科素养2019浙江6月高考阅读理解C篇对接课标主题：人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系精读真题拓展语言能力(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)1California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)2The number of trees larger than two fe
54、et across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees
55、has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.3Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggress
56、ive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)4But one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
57、5The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, ai
58、r temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)6Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to
59、trees during the dry season.,析微点厚积语言基础微积累熟词生义：spareadj.空闲的；闲置的；备用的v留出；拔出；省出(熟义)v幸免；使逃脱(生义)通多义contribute to促进；有助于；撰稿；捐献微点拨名词动用：targetn目标；指标v. 把作为攻击目标通句式句子(1)中“in comparing .2010”为介词短语作状语，that引导定语从句修饰先行词“a widespread death of big trees”。微积累drive短语drive up抬高，使上升drive down 压低；使下跌drive away 驱车离开；赶跑 理脉络内化
60、读文规律解析真题感悟素养立意考什么怎么考真题再做27What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe seriousness of bigtree loss in California.BThe increasing variety of California big trees.CThe distribution of big trees in California forests.DThe influence of farming on big trees in California.解析：选A段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The number o
61、f trees .declined by 50 percent . more than 55 percent .75 percent.”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加利福尼亚州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A。28Which of the following is wellintentioned but may be bad for big trees?AEcological studies of forests.BBanning woodcutting.CLimiting housing development.DFire control measures.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三
62、段中的“Aggressive wildfire control pete with big trees for resources (资源)”可知，声势浩大的野外火灾控制措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树竞争资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D。29What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?AInadequate snowmelt.BA longer dry season.CA warmer climate. DDampness of the air.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一
63、段中的“McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C。30What can be a suitable title for the text?ACalifornias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC
64、Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?DPatrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California解析：选A标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。为什么考有何价值导向解读一、发展思维品质文中第30题主要考查学生的概括性思维。如果只看到砍伐树木，那就只看到了局部信息，而掉入命题人故意设置的陷阱，误选B项。应结合第一段的主题句以及整篇文章的综合叙述，加以概括可知，文章第一段就点出主题，后面各段具体
65、分析了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象以及原因，故选A。二、聚焦核心价值本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象及其原因，旨在引导学生了解社会发展不能违背自然规律。自然和人类社会的关系就恰如水与舟的关系，二者关系处理的好坏直接关系到整个人类社会的可持续发展。选文切合现实，对于提高人们的环保意识具有促进作用。借力真题发掘学习能力.单句语法填空1The money is intended for the development (develop) of the tourist industry.2He peered slowly around the
66、small crowded (crowd) room.3The company suffered (suffer) huge losses in the last financial year.4To avoid dampness (damp)，we should air the room regularly.5These trees had suffered the greatest water shortage (short).补全句子1I believe that each of us can contribute to (做贡献) the future of the world.2In
67、 comparison with/Compared with (与相比) the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.3The rise of wages drove up (抬高) the costs of production, leading to higher prices.分析长难句1The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting
68、in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)句式解构本句是一个含有一个定语从句和两个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是The researchers，谓语动词是 figured out。其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“a computer model”，在此从句中，第一个how much引导的从句作calculate的宾语；第二个h
69、ow much引导的从句作in comparison with的宾语。现在分词短语“taking into account .”作伴随状语。句意翻译研究人员利用计算机模型计算出树木用水的压力，该模型计算出了树木获得的水量与它们所需的水量进行比较，并将降雨量、气温、土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素考虑在内。2Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more
70、 water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.句式解构本句是一个含有两个定语从句的主从复合句。句子的主干是the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures and earlier snowmelt，主句的主语是the biggest factors，谓语动词是 have been rising。
71、其中driving up water stress in the state为现在分词短语作定语修饰the biggest factors；第一个which引导的定语从句修饰先行词rising temperatures；第二个which引导的定语从句修饰先行词earlier snowmelt。句意翻译McIntyre说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州水资源紧张的最大因素是气温升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及过早的融雪减少了树木在旱季的水资源供应。.主题语境写作假定你是李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，
72、给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。参考词汇：地球日Earth Day注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Actions for a Greener Earth 参考范文：Actions for a Greener EarthA week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.Our class came up with the idea to make better
73、use of used materials. We brought to our classroom wornout clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles，and turned those into dolls，handbags and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gif
74、ts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our ideas and experience with all the students of our school.We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.课下主题训练人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)injects
75、andstormdrought landslide slippery crack predict extinct occur distribute terrible shortage challenge irreversible frighten decoration strike issue layer warning (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)slippery，layer，issue，shortage，irreversible，extinct，crack，sandstorm， drought， landslide1The frozen snow was so slipper
76、y that it was hard to keep ones feet.2The branches are weighed down by a heavy layer of snow.3We saw several extinct volcanoes on our trip to Japan. 4Researchers found an almost total crop failure and a severe shortage of drinking water.5This is a big issue: we need more time to think about it.6A sa
77、ndstorm is a strong wind in a desert area, which carries sand through the air.7Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests.8The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.用所给词的适当形式填空1The Red Cross organized the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing in th
78、e disaster area.2His son was injected (inject) with strong drugs.3Why not just change your artwork to prevent this problem from occurring (occur)4It is impossible to predict (predict) what will happen.5Hundreds of rescue workers are being sent to the stricken (strike) area.6She was terribly (terribl
79、e) hurt when it happened.7When you were a child, were you frightened (frighten) of the dark?8The minister gave a warning (warn) that war might break out.9Im ready to do all those things which are more challenging(challenge)10It doesnt actually do anything, and its just there for decoration (decorate
80、)二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解AIt took me a moment to realize what had happened. Three days had passed and Rita seemed to get weaker and weaker. The rain had stopped. However, the sky was still cloudy, and it was so dark that I couldnt see the buildings even across the road. I took a pressure reading from the weat
81、her station：947mb, which let me know exactly where I was in the eye of the storm.There were rains and winds still, but not oppressive (难以忍受的) anymore. There was still no power, hot water or food. Besides, I didnt sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed since the weather report said Ri
82、ta was leaving. Whats more, I was luckier than those people who had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less severe. I arrived in Houston after a tricky journey with my fuel suppli
83、es almost all gone. However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol. He helped me and we shared our working experience these days. With a complete stroke of luck I found a rundown hotel that allowed me to have a room overnight before the midnight. Although there was no
84、 running water, no power and no air conditioning, I curled up into a corner and fell asleep quickly.I woke up the next morning, and what a change! The sky was blue and cars were moving around. Sirens could be heard as convoys (护航队) of emergency managements started to head west towards where I had co
85、me from. “The storm had stopped and I could go home. I gave all my remaining supplies to other people at the hotel and headed towards the airport. Houston Airport was not damaged, so I took my flight and drank my first hot drink in four days.”All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I fin
86、ally made it again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although its dangerous, I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.语篇解读：本文描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴丽塔，他对自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感到非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作。1We can know from the passage that “Rita”
87、 is .Aa petBa stormCa friend of the author Da citizen in Houston解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句可知，天气预报报道丽塔正在离开，但它让许多人失去了家园，甚至是生命。结合第一段最后一句可知，“Rita”是一场风暴，故选B项。2What can we infer from the passage?AThe author was a storm chaser.BThe storm lasted for at least a week.CThe author didnt like Houston at all.DHouston w
88、as very badly damaged by the storm.解析：选A推理判断题。由第三段第三句可知，作者也是一位风暴追逐者，故选A项。3How did the author probably feel after the storm?AAnxious. BDisappointed.CSatisfied. DScared.解析：选C细节理解题。由文章最后一段第一句可知，经历这次风暴之后，作者感觉很满意，故选C项。4What is the passage mainly about?AWays to survive in a storm.BThe weather changes in H
89、ouston.CThe authors experience in the storm.DDamages caused by the storm in Houston.解析：选C主旨大意题。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴丽塔，他对自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴感到非常骄傲。故选C项。BA sandstorm refers to a high amount of wind occurring in sandy areas, usually in deserts, where the wind speed is able to lift the top layer of sand from t
90、he ground, and push it in every direction. The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m 15.24m.It is very dangerous to experience a sandstorm. Sand can get into the nose, eyes, mouth and lungs. If you happen to be caught in a sandstorm, you must protect yourself by wearing mas
91、ks, scarves and so on.If youre driving when such a storm approaches, its advised that you pull off the road, since its difficult to continue driving. This is also important since vehicles can fail in during sandstorms and you could end up stuck on the road.Most sandstorms occur in spring, and during
92、 the daytime. Many of the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Sahara Desert are associated with the most serious storms. Since its a natural phenomenon, it cant be entirely controlled. In areas that are natural desert regions, you cant always prevent a sandstorm. Theres much evidence that the plan
93、et Mars has dust storms, and clearly, no human intervention (介入) is responsible for such.Though it can move whole sand dunes and destroy crops, a sandstorm is not without benefit.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了沙尘暴常发生的时间、地点和基本状况以及如何在沙尘暴中自我保护的一些建议。5According to the passage, the sand involved in the sandstorm can re
94、ach at most meters.A3.50B15.24C3.05 D15.42 解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m 15.24m.”可知，在沙尘暴中，沙子可以达到的高度在3.05米到15.24米之间，故B项正确。6If youre driving in a sandstorm, youd better .Astop your car in the middle of the roadBcontinue to make your wayCstop a
95、nd ask for helpDstop your car on the side of the road解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“If youre driving when such a storm approaches, its advised that you pull off the road”可知，如果你开车时遇到沙尘暴，你最好把车停在路边，pull off the road“把车停在路边”。故选D项。7The underlined sentence shows that, anyway, sandstorms are .Auseful BuselessCharmf
96、ul Dpowerful解析：选A推理判断题。画线句表明，虽然沙尘暴能移动沙丘并毁坏农作物，但它不是毫无益处的。注意“a sandstorm is not without benefit”表示“不无裨益”，是双重否定表示肯定意义。故选A项。8According to the writer, a sandstorm .Ais the result of human activitiesBcan be preventedCcant completely disappear on the earthDcant be forecast解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为沙尘暴是一种自然现象
97、，不能完全被控制，也就不会完全消失，并且它也不是人为的后果。由此可知选C项。.阅读七选五Tropical CyclonesHave you ever seen a TV weatherperson pointing to a large, white spiral of storm clouds spinning over the Earth on the video screen? If so, then youve gotten a small look at what the most powerful storm in the world looks like a tropical c
98、yclone (热带气旋) 1 The warm air at the equator (赤道) rises into the atmosphere, cools off, and then sinks back down. As this cycle repeats itself over and over again, the storm begins to grow and the winds around the storm begin to move faster.Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in the world, it is
99、 called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone. If tropical cyclones move over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, theyre called typhoons. 2 In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, theyre called cyclones.The center of a tropical cyclone is called the “eye”. 3 Most of the strong winds do not reach
100、 the eye of the storm, so it is the calmest part. 4 A tropical cyclone that is rated a Category 1 is the weakest; it is still dangerous, but the winds are not as high. A Category 5 tropical cyclone is the strongest; this type of storm can cause catastrophic damage.Once these tropical cyclones come o
101、nto land, they no longer have the warm ocean water they need to grow larger and consequently become weaker. This doesnt stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away. 5 AThey still may produce strong rain and even tornadoes.BTropical cyclones are categorised based on their strength.CThe
102、y withdraw as quickly as they arrive and leave the land untouched.DThe rest of the storm moves in a circle around the eye at incredibly high speed.ETropical storms with wind speeds that reach 74 miles per hour are called hurricanes.FTropical cyclones start as tropical storms that form in warm ocean
103、waters near the equator.GSuch storms moving over the northeastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean are termed hurricanes.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了热带气旋的形成、名称、级别等相关内容。1选F根据空后内容可知，本段介绍热带气旋是如何形成的，且F项中的“near the equator”与空后一句中的“The warm air at the equator (赤道)”形成呼应，所以选F项。2选G根据段首句可知，本段主要介绍产生于不同地区的热带气旋有不同的名称，再结合空前一句中的“the
104、yre called typhoons”和空后一句中的“theyre called cyclones”可知，空处应是介绍在什么地区产生的热带气旋称作飓风，所以选G项。3选D根据语境可知，D项中的“around the eye”与空前一句“The center of a tropical cyclone is called the eye”呼应，此处应是介绍风眼周围的状况，所以选D项。4选B本空是段首句。根据本段的关键词“Category”可推知，本段主要介绍热带气旋的级别，故B项符合题意。5选A根据空前一句可知，已经减弱的热带气旋仍然会有很大的破坏性，空处应是进一步介绍热带气旋带来的影响，故A
105、项“它们仍然可能产生强降雨甚至龙卷风”符合语境。.语法填空Chinas research icebreaker (破冰船) Xuelong, 1 126 crew members aboard on the 35th Antarctic research mission, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on 2 (it) way back to China.Snow Eagle 601, Chinas first fixedwing aircraft for polar flight, on Thursday night a
106、lso departed from the Antarctic after 3 (complete) all assignments.Xuelong, 4 arrived near Zhongshan on February 9, supplied the station with fuel oil, and then picked up summer expedition team members at the Kunlun, Taishan and Zhongshan stations, as well as 5 (member) of the fixedwing aircraft pro
107、ject.Sixteen members of the Kunlun team 6 (previous) completed all scientific expeditions at Dome Argus (Dome A), the South Poles highest ice cap. They, together with 21 members of the Taishan team, 7 (return) to Zhongshan on February 8.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of an
108、d tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding 8 (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixedwing aircraft.As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left, 19 members would stay for winter expeditions.Also 9 (know) as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker c
109、arrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on November 2 last year, beginning 10 countrys 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected to arrive in Shanghai in midMarch.语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了“雪龙号”科考船在南极的科考经历。1with此处为“with宾语宾补”结构作伴随状语，故填with。2its修饰名词way应用形容词性物主代词，on ones way back为固定搭配，意为“在某人/物返回的路上”，故填it
110、s。3completingafter在此处为介词，后接动名词作介词的宾语。故填completing。4which分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，Xuelong为先行词，指物，故填which。5membersmember为可数名词，前面无限定词，应用复数形式，而且队员一般是多于一个，故填members。6previously修饰动词completed应用副词形式。故填previously。7returned分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语，由时间状语“on February 8”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填returned。8observation设空处作介词including的宾语，应用名词。故填observation。9knownbe known as为固定搭配，意为“作为而闻名”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。故填known。10the此处特指“该国的第三十五次南极考察”。故填the。