1、Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS预习新知早知道 返首页2.匹配词义A单词匹配第一组()1.severe An.感染；传染()2.contradictory Badj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的()3.infection Cadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的()4.multiple Dn.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人返首页3()5.household Eadj.数量多的；多种多样的()6.intervention Fadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的()7.raw Gadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的()8.substantial Hn.介入；出面；
2、干涉()9.statistic In.显微镜()10.microscope Jn.pl.统计数字；统计资料；统计学答案 15 BCAED 610 HFGJI返首页4 第二组()1.thinking An.蛋白质()2.protein Bn.病毒()3.cell Cn.思想；思维；见解()4.virus Dadj.最初的；开始的；第一的()5.initial En.细胞；小房间；单间牢房()6.framework Fn.彩虹返首页5()7.rainbow Gn.框架；结构()8.concrete Hn.领导；领导地位；领导才能()9.mechanic In.机械师；机械修理工()10.leade
3、rship Jn.混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的答案 15 CAEBD 610 GFJIH返首页6 B短语匹配()1.once and for allA同意；赞同()2.subscribe to B幸亏；由于()3.thanks to C水泵()4.water pump D最终地；彻底地()5.theoretical framework E(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发返首页7()6.break out F理论框架()7.in charge of G下降；坠落()e down H最重要的是；尤其是()9.above all I主管；掌管答案 15 DABCF 69 EIG
4、H返首页8.默写单词第一组1vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)2n.证据；证明；检验3vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责subscribeproofsuspectblame返首页9 5n.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6n.联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联7n.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低decreasehandlelink返首页10 8vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变9n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决10adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体
5、solidtransformfinding返首页11 第二组1vt.投射；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷2n.阴影；影子；背光处3vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)4vt.保卫；防守；辩解5n.助理；助手castshadowpourdefendassistant返首页12 6adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的7adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的8adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的9n.弱点；过错10n.改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向outstandinggiftedbrilliantfaultshift返首页13.语境填空suspect；blame；subscribe；decrease；l
6、ink；handle；pour；transform；outstanding；defend1I to a morning paper.2We all the truth of the report.3My brother broke the window，but I got the blamesubscribedsuspect返首页14 4Do you know how to the machine?5Is there a between lung disease and smoking?6The unemployment rate of the country last year.7A new
7、 colour scheme will your bedroom.8Andy the glass full and lifted it to Bobby.9The accused man had a lawyer to him.10Her late husband was an scientist.outstandinghandlelinkdecreasedtransformpoureddefend返首页15.语法填空之派生词1If the primary (infect)is not treated，further outbreaks may occur.2We would resist a
8、ny armed (intervene)from outside in our countrys affairs.3An accident was avoided by his quick (think)4The (find)of the commission have not yet been made public.infectioninterventionthinkingfindings返首页16 5The (machine)was busy repairing the machine.6Ill ask my personal (assist)to deal with this.7He
9、was praised for his firm (leader)8Their helpers are (gift)with amazing powers of patience.9He did something (contradict)to his orders.10The blood on his shoes was a (prove)of his guilt.mechanicassistantleadershipgiftedcontradictoryproof返首页17 1This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even
10、 death.这种疾病会、脱水，甚至死亡。2As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.作为一名年轻的医生，约翰 斯诺，因为没有人知道。如何预防或治疗霍乱导致严重的腹泻变得沮丧返首页18 3In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.一般来说，当时的医生对。4Snow suspected that th
11、e water pump was to blame.斯诺。5Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.通过这种干预，。这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论怀疑是水泵的问题返首页19 词语助读used to 过去时常；过去曾(而现在不再)做 one of the most feared diseases 最可怕的疾病之一 cause severe diarrhoea 导致严重的腹泻 an outbreak of cholera 爆发霍乱 die from 死于 become frustr
12、ated 变得沮丧 返首页20 in time 最后 attend to 照料；照顾 give birth 生孩子 once and for all 最终地；彻底地 in general 一般而言 two contradictory theories 两种相互矛盾的理论 an infection from germs 细菌感染 返首页21 subscribe to 同意；赞同 need proof 需要证据 begin to investigate 开始调查 more than 500 people 500 多人 be determined to do.决心做某事 find out why 找
13、出原因 mark on a map 在地图上标出 返首页22 21 multiple deaths 多人死亡 22 house numbers 门牌号 23 some households 一些家庭 24 such as 例如 25 free beer 免费的啤酒 26 suspect vt.怀疑 27 be to blame 对某事应负责任 28 what is more 而且，此外 返首页23 29 die of 死于 30 move away 搬走 31 have sth.done 使某事被做 32 as a result of 由于 33 accordingly adv.因此 34 t
14、he handle of the pump 水泵的把手 35 through this intervention 通过这种干预 返首页24 36 in ones tracks 立即 37 moreover adv.再者，此外，而且 38 a link between.and.与之间的联系 39 water companies 供水公司 40 raw waste 未经处理的废物 41 be likely to do.很可能做某事 42 get cholera 得霍乱 43 boiled water 白开水 返首页25 44 tireless efforts 不懈努力 45 around the
15、world 全世界 46 a substantial decrease 大幅减少 47 millions of people 数百万人 48 prevent cholera 预防霍乱 49 thanks to 幸亏；由于 返首页26 50 statistic n统计数字 51 transform vt.改变 52 for this reason 由于这个原因 53 modern epidemiology 现代流行病学返首页27 原文呈现JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”Cholera used to be one of the most feared disease
16、s in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could beovercome(1)This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hitEurope(2)，millions of people died from the disease.As a young 返首页28 doctor，John Snow became frustr
17、ated because no one knew how toprevent or treat cholera(3)In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth(4)However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.返首页29(1)until 引导时间状语从句，其中 how.be overcome 为宾语从句。(2)when 引导时间状语从句。(3)becau
18、se 引导原因状语从句。(4)when 引导时间状语从句。返首页30 In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories toexplain how cholera spread(5)One theory was that bad air caused thedisease(6)Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water(7)Snow subscribed to the second theory.It
19、was correct，but he still needed proof.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hitLondon in 1854(8)，Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in twoparticular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500people died in ten days(9)He was determined to find out why.返首页31(5)不定式短语作名词
20、theories 的后置定语，其中 how cholera spread 为宾语从句。(6)that 引导表语从句。(7)that 引导表语从句。(8)when 引导时间状语从句。(9)第一个 that 引导宾语从句，其中 so.that.引导结果状语从句。返首页32 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where allthose who died had lived(10)There were multiple deaths21 near the water pump in Broad Street(especially hous
21、e numbers22 16，37，38，and 40)However，some households23(such as24 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer25，and so had not drunk the water from the pump(11)Snow 返首页33 suspected26 that the w
22、ater pump was to blame27(12)What is more28，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had died of29cholera after moving away30 from Broad Street.It seemed that thewoman liked the water from the pump so much that she had itdelivered31 to her house every day(13)As a result of32 this evidence，J
23、ohn Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried choleragerms(14)Accordingly33，he had the handle of the pump34 removed sothat it could not be used(15)Through this intervention35，the disease was stopped in its tracks36.返首页34(10)where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 places，其中 who died 也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 those。(11)a
24、nd so 因而，连接两个并列谓语。(12)that 引导宾语从句。(13)固定句式 It seemed that.似乎，其中 so.that.引导结果状语从句。(14)that 引导宾语从句。返首页35(15)so that.引导目的状语从句。The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had beeninfected by waste(16)Moreover37，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and38 the diffe
25、rent water companies39 in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that waspolluted by raw waste40(17)The people who drank this water weremuch more likely to41 get cholera42 than those who drank pure or boiledwater43(18)返首页36(18)who引导定语从句，第一个定语从句的先行词为people；第二个定语从句的先行词为those。Through Sn
26、ows tireless efforts44，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world45 saw a substantial decrease46(19)However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people47 around the world get cholera and many die from it(20)Fortunately，we now know how to prevent
27、cholera48(21)，thanks to49the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics50，Snow transformed51 the way scientists study diseases(22)For this reason52，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology53(23)返首页37(19)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。(20)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。(21)“疑问词不定式短语”作宾语。(22)省略关系词that
28、或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。(23)名词短语作主语补足语。返首页38 译文参考约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰斯诺展示了如何战胜它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王生孩子的时候照顾她。然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。返首页39 一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。有一种理论是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。另一种观点是霍乱是由食物或水
29、中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的，但他仍然需要证据。因此，当1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。返首页40 斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。布罗德街的水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是门牌号16号、37号、38号和40号)。然而，一些家庭(如布罗德街20号和21号，剑桥街8号和9号)没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧里工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒，所以没有喝这个水泵的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。此外，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从布罗德街搬走后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非
30、常喜欢这个水泵的水，以至于她每天都让人把返首页41 水送到家。根据这些证据，约翰斯诺能够宣布这个水泵的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此，他让人把水泵的把手拿掉了，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。事实上，布罗德街的水泵的水已经被废物污染了。此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，这些水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。返首页42 在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱，并且许多人因此而死亡。幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。Thank you for watching!