1、2012届高三英语二轮复习精品课件（湖北专用）：第4模块完成句子 专题2 各种从句专题二 各种从句 专题二 各种从句 专题导读专题二 专题导读 这里所说的从句包括名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)，状语从句和定语从句。与多项选择题不同，湖北卷完成句子对从句的考查非常复杂，它不单纯考查连接词，还涉及谓语动词的时态、语态以及词的搭配。试题一般不给出连接词，而是把连接词也作为考查的测试点之一。因此考查的综合性强，难度也比较大。回顾近五年的高考试题，各种从句的考查几乎全都涉及。2009年对“介词 关系代词”的考查、2010年对as引导的定语从句的考查都是很有难度的。答题时要善于结
2、合语境和题意，正确判断各种从句以及相对应的连接词，并能兼顾其他知识综合考虑，这是至关重要的。专题二 专题导读 定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考查的热点。五年高考已考测试点：同位语从句中的虚拟语气；主语从句及时态；宾语从句的时态和语序；状语从句的引导词及时态；定语从句中关系词的运用。2012年复习备考考点聚焦：定语从句考点(1)关系代词as和which在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于：专题二 专题导读 as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，常有“正如，正
3、像”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，常译为“这”。若先行词有such,the same,so adj.a/an等修饰时，用as充当关系代词引导定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。考点(2)“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。“介词关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词修饰，且有时这些数词或代词也可以放在“介词关系代词”之后。如：专题二 专题导读 He loved his parents deeply,both o
4、f whom are very kind to him.He loved his parents deeply,of whom both are very kind to him.介词which/whom to do结构。这种结构可以改为：介词which/whom定语从句。如：I dont have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.考点(3)关系词whosewhose可以指代人或
5、物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose名词 the 名词 of which/of which the 名词。还原为：the 名词of 先行词/先行词s 名词。如：专题二 专题导读 The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.(whose在从句中作定语，修饰door，定语从句可还原为：The door of the classroom is broken.)考点(4)关系副词when/where/why关系副词的分类和作用：when指时间，
6、在定语从句中作时间状语；when表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during)which。where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under)which。why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，why表示原因的介词(for)which。专题二 专题导读 以the way为先行词的定语从句，若way 在句中表示方式状语，则由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way(in which/that)he answered the question was surprising.(in which/that在从句中充当状语)注意：
7、The way(which/that)he explained to us was quite simple.(which/that在从句中充当宾语)有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to,from等。如：China is the birthplace of kites,from where kites spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.一些特殊的先行词如situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语
8、用that/which，作状语用where/when/介词which。专题二 专题导读 考点(5)定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如：I,who am your close friend,will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.one of 复数名词 关系代词 复数动词；而the only one of 复数名词 关系代词 单数动词。如：Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with te
9、enagers.Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire.专题二 专题导读 名词性从句考点(1)引导名词性从句的连接词1.常见的连接词如下：that。that从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不充当句子成分。whether。whether从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”。注意：if 只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即：确定意思是“是否”的前提下，名词性从句的连接词优先选用whether。专题二
10、 专题导读 特殊疑问词。特殊疑问词引导的从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。2名词性从句中难点、重点的连接词：where 可表示抽象意义，“的地方，点”；when 可表示“的时候”。what 引导名词性从句时，可视上下文理解为the 名词that如：whatthe thing that/anything that；whatthe place that；whatthe time that；whatthe person that专题二 专题导读 固定句型：A is to B what C is to D小结：名词性从句不完整时，如缺主语、宾语
11、、表语时，用what引导。whoever 引导名词性从句时，whoeveranybody whowhatever引导名词性从句时，whateveranything thatwhichever 引导名词性从句时，whicheverany名词thatWhoever(Anybody who)breaks the law will be punished.专题二 专题导读 考点(2)名词性从句中的语气在It is necessary/natural/important/strangethat从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should原形动词”表虚拟语气，且should可省略。表示“建议、命令、要求”意义
12、的动词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should原形动词”，且should可省略。表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand,determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。专题二 专题导读 考点(3)名词性从句中的时态主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况
13、而定。考点(4)形式主语和形式宾语it 主语从句作句子主语，为平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，用it 作形式主语；同理，宾语从句作宾语，为平衡句子结构，避免句子中间臃肿，用it 作形式宾语，使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。专题二 专题导读 考点(5)引导词that与what的区别what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于all that/everything that等，常译成“所的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首
14、时，不能省略that。如：What we cant get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.专题二 专题导读 状语从句考点(1)状语从句的时态高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。考点(2)状语从句的结构高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句，如no matter疑问词，whatever，however，as引导的让步状语从句；“the比较级，the比较级”中的比较状语从句等。专题二 专题导读 考
15、点(3)状语从句的省略在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is形容词”，也可以省略it is。考点(4)从属连词的选择和辨析高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词，如引导时间状语从句的immediately，the moment，every time，once；引导条件状语从句的as long as；引导原因状语从句的now that，since；引导让步状语从句的even if，even though；引导目的状语从句的in case，in order that等。专题二
16、 专题导读 考点(5)where引导地点状语从句where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如：The flower grows best where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)真题典例专题二 真题典例 12011湖北卷 _(令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in th
17、e table tennis tournament.(delight)1What delighted the fans 考查主语从句和动词时态。本句是主语从句，句子缺少主语，所以选择what。由此可知答案为What delighted the fans。专题二 真题典例 22011湖北卷 Be careful!The machine starts _(你一按)the button.(moment)2the moment you press 考查状语从句和动词时态。the moment意为“一就”，是一个习惯用法，据此可知答案是the moment you press。本题还间接考查从句的时态。
18、专题二 真题典例 32010湖北卷 _(正如我们强调的那样)many times,“serve the people”is our first policy.(stress)3as we have stressed 考查非限定性定语从句。当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由“as”来引导，主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语，再根据many times 可知答案为as we have stressed。专题二 真题典例 42010湖北卷 My mother was so proud of all _(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a t
19、rip to Beijing.(do)4that I had done 考查定语从句。先行词是“all”的时候，定语从句只能由“that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时，由此可知答案为that I had done。专题二 真题典例 52010湖北卷 The news _(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)5that the housing price will fall 考查同位语从句。用“that”引导同位语从句，“房价”译
20、成“housing price”。由此可知答案为that the housing price will fall。专题二 真题典例 62009湖北卷 Such knowledge is still useful _(当应用)to similar situations in other countries.(when)6when(it is)applied 考查状语从句。从题干的搭配看，“应用”要表达为apply A to B；当状语从句的主、从句主语一致时，可用完整的状语从句或“连词非谓语动词”来表达，由此可知答案为when(it is)applied。专题二 真题典例 7Learning s
21、trategies,to _(老师们认为)importance,have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach)7which(the)teachers attach/have attached 考查定语从句。根据结构可知此处应使用非限制性定语从句，提示词attach以及空格前后的to和importance暗示应使用attach importance to的短语，故完整答案为which(the)teachers attach/have attached。专题二 真题典例 82009湖北卷 After circling around
22、the earth for three days,Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that _(它着陆)as scheduled the next day.(land)8it(should)land 考查同位语从句及虚拟语气。此处的同位语从句为command的具体内容，故应使用that引导；当command后面接名词性从句，从句使用虚拟语气，使用“(should)动词原形”，由此可知答案为 it(should)land。专题二 新题预测 考试动向预测(110小题)：1We hope the measures to
23、control house prices,_，will succeed.(take)我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。新题预测1(which are)taken by the government专题二 新题预测 2This letter was returned because the person to _ had died three years ago.(address)信被打回来了因为收信人在三年前就死了。2whom it was addressed专题二 新题预测 3I dont like the way _ to speak to me.(use)我不喜欢他跟我说话的方式。
24、3(that/which)he uses 专题二 新题预测 4It was the skills _ at his training period that enabled him to get such a high post in that worldfamous company.(acquire)正是他在培训期间获得的技能使他能在那家世界著名的公司里得到如此高的一个职位。4(that/which)he had acquired专题二 新题预测 5The letter for _ is from his former head teacher.(wait)那封他期盼已久的信来自他以前的班主
25、任。5which he has been waiting专题二 新题预测 6After graduation from high school we will reach a point _ which university to attend.(decide)高中毕业后我们就不得不决定要上哪所大学。6where we have to decide专题二 新题预测 7It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _.(do)他们正在由张教授负责的那个实验室里做实验。7that they were doing the
26、 experiment专题二 新题预测 8_，it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(report)正如报道的那样，清华大学已经建校一百年了。8As is reported专题二 新题预测 9She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ with each other.(allow)她有给学生创造自由交流氛围的天赋。9which allows them to communicate freely专题二 新题预测 10She showed the vis
27、itors around the museum，_ had taken more than three years.(construction)她带领游客参观了那个花了三年多才建成的博物馆。10the construction of which专题二 新题预测 11The school shop，_(其顾客大多是学生)，is closed for the holidays.(customer)11whose customers are mainly students专题二 新题预测 12English is a language shared by several diverse cultur
28、es,each of _(运用它)somewhat differently.(use)12which uses it专题二 新题预测 13When the news came_(战争爆发),he decided to serve in the army.(break)13that the war broke out专题二 新题预测 14It is still under discussion_(是否替代旧车站)with a modern hotel or not.(replace)14whether the old bus station should be replaced专题二 新题预测
29、15When reports came to the office _(轮船沉没了),they were not taken seriously.(sink)15that the ship had sunk专题二 新题预测 16Youd better take a sweater with you _(以防天气变冷)(get)16in case it gets cold(it should get cold)专题二 新题预测 17After the hostagetaking incident in the Philippines,the Chinese government demanded
30、 that the problems_(被提到的)be paid special attention to.(refer)17(that/which had been)referred to专题二 新题预测 18A number of children _(父母死去了的)in the earthquake were sent to live with families in other cities.(kill)18whose parents had been killed专题二 新题预测 19Yesterday we listened to a speech made by the professor _ (他的研究旨在)improving agriculture.(aim)19whose research was aimed at专题二 新题预测 20_(被解雇)by one company doesnt necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself.(lay)20That you are laid off/Being laid off