1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 现在完成时的被动语态.现在完成时的被动语态的2个用法1表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，经常与一些副词连用，如：already，ever，never，recently，lately，just，yet等，通常把这些副词放在助动词have或has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。Toms novel has not been published yet.汤姆的小说还没有出版。2表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态，经常与for a time，since，how long，so far等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。The
2、child has been taken care of by grandma all these years.这些年来，孩子一直由奶奶照看。【名师点津】现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，就是have/has和been，这两个都是助动词，缺一不可。.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别一般过去时的被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，它的结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态，动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但强调这个动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。*The house was built last year.这个房子是去年建造的。*The house has been
3、 built.We can move in.这个房子已经建好了。我们可以搬进去。.几点注意事项1由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态，不能与表示一段时间的状语(如：for four days，how long等)连用，而要改换动词或者是时态。试比较：*How long has this book been bought？()*How long ago was this book bought？()2短语动词不能分割，而且不能省略短语动词中的介词或副词。试比较：*The patient has b
4、een taken good care.()*The patient has been taken good care of.()3并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如：happen，occur，take place，break out，belong to，cost，last等不及物动词或词组，就没有被动语态。试比较：*Some of the best conversations have ever been happened around the dinner table.()*Some of the best conversations have ever happened around th
5、e dinner table.()即学即练 单句语法填空1Wildlife _(threaten)greatly in the modern age.There are species(物种)that are disappearing every day.2A 90-year-old _(award)“Woman Of The Year”for being Britains oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours a week.3While much of the debate so far _(focus)on the safety
6、of driverless cars(and rightfully so),policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams,cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient,affordable mobility options.4Use a fire extinguisher only if you _(train)to do so.5Moran says one of the problems with jaz
7、z today is that the entertainment aspect of the music _(lose)has been threatenedhas been awarded has been focusedhave been trainedhas been lost6Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement _(reach)so far by the two sides.7We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make)8Sarah _(tell)th
8、at she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.9Hes the only student in the class that _(select)to take part in the Model United Nations conference.10In the last few years thousands of films _(produce)all over the world.has been reachedhave been madehas been told/
9、was told has been selectedhave been produced.单句语法填空1A great many machines _(produce)by the factory since the technological revolution.2Great changes _(take)place in my hometown and a lot of factories _(set)up in the past ten years.3In the last few years,thousands of films _(produce)all over the worl
10、d.4Up to now,a lot of high-rise buildings _(build)in our city.5Over the past three years,more than$10 million _(spend)carrying out the project.have been producedhave takenhave been sethave been produced have been built has been spent6The robots _(use)to help humans do some dangerous work since the l
11、ate 1990s.7The English song _(sing)for many years,but we still like it.8Professor Yang _(invite)to the film festival twice so far.9Over time I _(change)quite a lot.10It _(use)in offices and homes since the 1970s.have been usedhas been sung has been invited have been changed have been used.句型转换1We ha
12、ve sent some rockets to space to explore the Moon and Mars.Some rockets _ to space by us to explore the Moon and Mars.2Robert has bought an iPhone using his own money.An iPhone _ by Robert using his own money.3The famous company has given the computers away to those high schools.The computers _ by t
13、he famous company to those high schools.have been senthas been boughthave been given away4The local government has chosen the university to organize the training course.The university _ by the local government to organize the training course.5They havent told me that the meeting will be put off until next Friday.I _ that the meeting will be put off until next Friday.6People use bamboo in many different ways for thousands of years.Bamboo _ in many different ways for thousands of years.has been chosenhavent been told has been used