1、Section Grammar虚拟语气(一)新课导入用所给词的适当形式填写下列句子并体会各句中谓语的共同特点。If he _(study)at this school,he would know you well.If the rules of perspective _(not discover),no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.If it _(be)Sunday tomorrow,I _(go)and see my friends.I wish that I _(see)her yesterday.I
2、d rather you _(be)here now.The doctor suggested that my sister _(try)to lose weight.studied had not been discoveredwere would gohad seenwere(should)try语法精讲语气(mood)用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。.if 条件句中的虚拟语气1一般用法。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果动词所描述的事情不是真
3、实的，那么从句和主句的谓语部分常用动词的虚拟形式来表达。这种 if 从句也被叫做非真实条件句。其具体原则如下：虚拟情况从句动词形式主句动词形式与现在事实相反did/werewould/could/should/might do与过去事实相反had donewould/could/should/might have done与将来事实相反did/were(to do)/should dowould/could/should/might doIf _(没有水)in the world,everything _(会死)(be;die)If the new safety system _(已投入)to
4、 use,the accident _(不会发生)If it _(下雪)tomorrow,I _(待在)home.(snow;stay)there were no waterwould die had been putwould never/not have happened snowed/should snow/were to snow would stay at2省略 if 的用法。当 if 虚拟条件句中有 should,had,were 三个词时，可将 if 省略，并将这三个词放到句首，从而构成“should/had/were主语谓语动词的其他部分”的部分倒装句式。If he shoul
5、d agree to go there,we would send him there._ to go there,we would send him there.If I had known it earlier,I wouldnt have lent him the money._，I wouldnt have lent him the money.If it were necessary,I might go without delay._，I might go without delay.Should he agreeHad I known it earlierWere it nece
6、ssary.宾语从句中的虚拟语气1wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示无法实现的愿望。从句中动词的具体用法如下：主句从句谓语形式意义did/were现在无法实现的愿望had done过去无法实现的愿望wishwould/could/might do将来无法实现的愿望 那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。I wish she _ then.要是我长得漂亮些就好了。I wish _.要是我们明天去北京就好了。I wish we _.,had taken my adviceI were better-looking would go to Beijing tomorrow2.would rather 后
7、宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示有对某件事的相反的愿望。从句中动词的具体用法如下：主句从句谓语形式意义did/were与现在愿望相反did/were与将来愿望相反would ratherhad done与过去的愿望相反我们宁愿你明天去那儿。Wed rather _.我真希望她先问我一声再借车。Id rather she _ before borrowing the car.坦率地说，我希望你没有卷入这件事。To be frank,Id rather _ the case.you went there tomorrowhad asked meyou were not involved in巧学助记：虚
8、拟语气用法口诀(1)英文句子三语气，陈述祈使和虚拟；条件句中表虚拟，时态退后是真理；有 be 用 were 须牢记，吾酷卖书主中提。虚拟将来有偏方，were to/should 来帮忙；可能由大到小量，过式/should/were to 成行。说明：吾(would)酷(could)卖(might)书(should)是谐音助记。“主中提”指的是在主句中必出现的情态动词。巧学助记：虚拟语气用法口诀(2)后接宾语从句用虚拟语气的特殊动词有：一“坚持”：insist；二“命令”：order,command；三“建议”：advise,suggest,propose/recommend；四“要求”：req
9、uest,require,demand,desire。名师指津：当 insist 的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说”；suggest 的意思为“表明，暗含，暗示”等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。例如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch.汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。共享课堂：1if 条件句的虚拟主句和从句的动词时态都要根据句中所假设的时间做相应的变化。2wish 和 would rather 从句的虚拟则只把宾语
10、从句的动词时态根据句中所假设的时间做相应的变化。3表示“命令、建议、要求”等的特殊动词后的宾语从句的虚拟语气谓语用“(should)do”形式。3特殊动词后宾语从句的虚拟语气，这些特殊的动词多表示“命令，建议，要求”等，其后的宾语从句中的谓语形式为“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。老师劝我们要好好地利用在学校的每一分钟。The teacher advised that we _ every minute in school.有人建议每个学生都要唱一首英文歌曲。It is suggested that each student _ in English.should make g
11、ood use of(should)sing a song.用所给词的适当形式填空1They might have found a better hotel if they _(drive)a few more kilometers.2Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you _(tell)me,I could have helped.3Sorry,Im too busy.If I _(have)time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.4If you _(get)
12、back next week,we would go camping together.5 Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths _(not,fall)since their highest in 2005.had drivenhad told had got/should get/were to getwouldnt have fallen6How I wish I _(be)a bird and could fly freely in the sky.7I would rathe
13、r it _(come)a week later,giving me time to sort out things.8The teacher requested that all the students _(research)this problem carefully.9I wish they _(stop)making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.10Her pale face suggested she _(be)ill,and we suggested she _(have)a good rest.wer
14、e came researchwould stop was should have.完成句子1If I _ _ _ _ _ _(早来几分钟的话),I should have met him.(come)2If he had followed my advice,he _ _ _ _ _(不可能丢掉他的工作).(lose)3The manager demanded that the task _ _(被完成)within a week.(finish)4If the sun _ _ _ _(明天不再升起),what would we do?(rise)5He insisted that he _
15、 _ _ _(没有做错).(do)had come a few minutes earlierwouldnt have lost his jobbe finishedwerent to rise tomorrowhad done nothing wrong6They requested that I _ _ _ _ _(把书还给)the library by next Friday.(return)7I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I _ _ _ _(可能已经受伤了).(injure)8How I wish my hou
16、se _ _ _(没卖).Its more valuable now.(sell)9_ _ _ _/_ _ _(如果我是你)，I would have gone to her birthday yesterday.(be)10Jill would rather we _ _(不离开)now,but we must go to work.(leave)should return the books towould have been injuredhadnt been soldIf I were you Were I youdidnt leave.改写句子(用虚拟语气，句意不变)1She was
17、 given enough money.She bought the book.If she _ enough money,she wouldnt have bought the book.2He wants to come to the party,but he cant because he has to work.He _ to the party if he didnt have to work.3Li Ping is easy-going,so she has a number of friends.If she were not easy-going,Li Ping _ a num
18、ber of friends.had not been givenwould come wouldnt have4He was not familiar with software,so he was fired by his boss.If he had been familiar with software,he _ by his boss.5We know little about the disease,so we are not able to treat the patients effectively.If we _ more about the disease,we would be able to treat the patients effectively.6Tom didnt work hard and he failed the exam._ Tom _ hard,he would have passed the exam.couldnt have been fired knew Had worked
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