1、Unit 1 Great scientists2 霍乱、肺结核等疾病给人类健康带来了极大的损害。Robert Koch 的研究成果为战胜这些疾病取得了重大突破。Cholera and tuberculosis(肺结核)were two of the most dangerous killer diseases in the late 19th century.A man，named Robert Koch，made a breakthrough in the fight against these diseases.3 Who was Robert Koch?Koch was a German
2、 scientist,born in Hanover in 1843.Koch began research into the microbes(细菌)affecting diseased animals and people in 1872.He won the Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work on tuberculosis.4 What made him famous?In 1878 Koch discovered that microbes caused wounds to go infected，but his big breakthrough cam
3、e when he decided to stain(给着色)microbes with dye(染料)，enabling him to photograph them under a microscope.Using this method he was able to study them more effectively and prove that every disease was caused by different germs.He identified the microbes that caused tuberculosis in 1882 and cholera in 1
4、883.5 How did he do this?Kochs discoveries were the result of careful research using the microscope，photography and dyes.As a result of his work，the German government also set up an“Institute of Infectious Diseases”in Berlin in 1891 for medical research and development.In the 20th centurymedical res
5、earch has increasingly involved teams of researchers supported by large public or private funds.6 Results of his researchThe scientific evidence of microbes helped other scientists prove that pollution spread disease.It meant certain kinds of action could be taken to prevent certain types of disease
6、.Since cholera was carried in water,for example,its spread could be prevented with clean water supplies.7 Long-term importanceKoch was responsible for establishing the new“Science of Modern Bacteriology”.Other scientists would continue to improve our knowledge of disease and germs by using his metho
7、ds.By 1900 he and his students had identified 21 germs causing diseases.8 阅读障碍词1breakthrough n突破；突破性进展2microscope n.显微镜3germ n.细菌4involve vt.包含；牵涉5establish vt.建立；创办9 诱思导读 根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)1Cholera and tuberculosis were the most dangerous killer diseases in the late 19th century.()2Robert Koch won t
8、he Nobel Prize for his work on cholera and tuberculosis.()3Robert Kochs methods can help other scientists to improve our knowledge of disease and germs.()答案 13 FFT10 Section Warming Up，Prereading&Reading11 新 生 词 汇 初 识 12.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.challenge Avt.弄脏；污染()2.handle Bn.挑战 vt.向挑战()3.pollute Cn.柄；把手
9、 vt.处理；操纵()4.instruct Dvt.&n连接；联系()5.link Evt.命令；指示；教导()6.defeat Fvt.打败；战胜；使受挫n失败13()7.attend Gvt.&vi.结束；推断出()8.cure Hvt.认为；怀疑n被怀疑者；嫌疑犯()9.suspect Ivt.照顾；护理；出席；参加()10.conclude Jn.治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗答案 15 BCAED 610 FIJHG14.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思 A提出 B调查 C治好；矫正D和联系或连接起来 E得出结论F暴露()1.The government will look into h
10、ow to reduce unemployment.()2.No one has put forward a better plan than this one.15()3.Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna.()4.To dry the wet clothes quickly，she exposed them to the sunshine on purpose.()5.With careful study，the scientist drew a conclusion finally from what he had sur
11、veyed.()6.She doesnt know whether her mobile phone can be linked to the Internet or not in India.答案 16 BACFED16 教 材 语 篇 细 研 17 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert(熟练的)，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician(医生)But he became inspir
12、ed when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed(暴露)to cholera.This was the deadly disease of its 18 day.Neither its cause nor its cure(治愈)was understood.So manythousands of terrified people died every timethere was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He
13、 knew that cholera would never be controlled(控制)until its cause was found.19 约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱是当时最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。因此，每次暴发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。20 助读讲解 过去分词短语 exposed to cholera 作后置定语，修饰 pe
14、ople。every time 意为“每次”，用作连词，连接时间状语从句。21 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims(受害者)The second suggested that people absorbed(吸收)th
15、is disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.22 对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的理论，斯诺对这两种理论比较感兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。它像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。疾病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死亡。23 助读讲解 suggested 在此处意为“间接表明；暗示”，
16、后面的从句不用虚拟语气。过去分词 affected 在句中作定语，意为“受疾病侵袭的”。24 John Snow suspected(认为；怀疑)that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854，he was ready to begin his enquiry(询问)As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods，he began to gather information
17、.In two particular streets，the cholera outbreak was so severe(严重的)that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.25 约翰斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱时，约翰斯诺就准备开始他的调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，他就开始收集资料。在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于 10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。他决心要查明原因。26 助读讲解 hit vt.(厄运、灾难等)突然袭
18、击，侵袭。as 在句中意为“当时候”，引导时间状语从句。be determined to do.下定决心做27 First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump(泵；抽水机)in Broad Street(especially numbers 16，37，38 and 40)He a
19、lso noticed that some houses(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.He had not foreseen(预见)this，so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the wate
20、r from the pump.It seemed thatthe water was to blame(责备)28 首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方，这提供了一条说明霍乱病因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是 16、37、38 和 40 号)。他还发现有些住宅(如宽街上的20 号和 21 号以及剑桥大街上的 8 号和 9 号)却无人死亡。他以前没预见到这种情况，所以他要进行更进一步的调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥大街 7 号的酒馆里工作。酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。29 助读讲解 where 引导定语从
21、句，修饰先行词 places。Broad Street 牛津城的宽街，历史建筑群最密集后街道之一。It seemed that.好像，看来。30 Next，John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted(污染)by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the ha
22、ndle(柄；把手)from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs(细菌)and not in a cloud of gas.31 接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上让宽街上惊慌失措的百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。助读讲解 look into 调查；
23、了解。so that 引导目的状语从句。32 In another part of London，he found supporting evidence from twoother deaths that were linked(联系)to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Both she and her dau
24、ghter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.33 在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的女儿喝了这种水后，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病
25、菌。34 助读讲解 supporting adj.有力的；(演员、角色)次要的；配角的。supporting evidence 有力的证据。had it delivered 中 it 指代上文的 water，have 为使役动词，过去分词 delivered 作宾语补足语。with certainty“肯定地”，作状语。35 To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were
26、instructed(命令；指示)not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally“King Cholera”was defeated.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，“霍乱王”被击败了。36 助读讲解 To prevent.again 为动词不定式短语作目的状语，prevent.(from)doing 表示“阻止做”。suggested 在此表示“建议”，that 引导的宾语从句中用的是虚拟语气。从句谓语为 be examined，be 前面省略了
27、should。37 第一步 速读了解文章主题和段落大意 速读 P2P3 教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意1Whats the main idea of the passage?AJohn Snow was a wellknown doctor in London.BPolluted water was the cause of cholera.CThe source of all drinking water should be examined.DHow John Snow collected，analyzed data and found the cause of cholera an
28、d solved it.答案 D38 2Match the main idea with each paragraph.(1)Para.1 ATwo theories explaining how cho-lera killed people.(2)Para.2 BJohn Snow studied the outbreak in 1854 to test the two theories.(3)Para.3 CIntroduction of John Snow and cholera.39(4)Para.4 DThe water was to blame.(5)Para.5 EThe map
29、 gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.(6)Para.6 F“King Cholera”was defeated.(7)Para.7 GJohn Snow announced with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.答案(1)(7)CABEDGF40 第二步 细读把控文章关键信息 细读 P2P3 教材课文，选择最佳答案1Why did John Snow attend Queen Victoria as her personal physician?ABec
30、ause he was wellknown all over the world.BBecause he was expert at medical science.CBecause he was an old doctor.DBecause Queen Victoria liked him very much.41 2How did he find out the cause of the disease?ABy living in the area where cholera broke out.BBy marking a map where all the dead people had
31、 lived.CBy telling the terrified people how to prevent it.DBy saving the dying people suffering from cholera.42 3Why did 21 Broad Street in London have no deaths?AThe people just drank the water from the pump.BThey drank beer as well as water from the pump.CThey didnt absorb the dangerous air.DThey
32、suffered no germs at all.43 4How was“King Cholera”defeated?ABy peoples not polluting the river again.BBy peoples healthy diets.CBy peoples delivering the water from other places.D.By peoples stopping drinking the polluted water.答案 14 BBDD44 第三步 研读能力升华 接轨高考根据 P2P3 教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。John
33、 Snow，a wellknown doctor in London，became 1.(inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people 2.(expose)to cholera，a 3.(dead)disease of its day.Many thousands of people died 4.there was an outbreak because no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help solve the problem.inspiredexposeddeadlywh
34、enever45 He got interested in two theories 5.(explain)how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory 6.suggested that people 7.(absorb)the disease with 8.(they)meals.In 1854，when another outbreak hit London，he was ready to test 9.two theories.With the help of the map he made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10.(blame)“King Cholera”was finally defeated.explainingthatabsorbedtheirtheto blameThank you for watching!