1、2014-2015学年高中英语【百强校】同步练习题【3】及答案：Unit2（人教新课标必修4）Section III Using language一、课前预习（一）重点短语1. 逐渐增强；建立；开发 _2. 导致；造成；通向 _3. 集中（注意力、经历）于_4. 减少了 _5. 使免受（影响等） _6. 带给损害 _7. 求助于 _8. 发现 _9. 避免做某事 _10. 对做评论 _ (二) 重点句型1. All roads _ _ Rome.条条大路通罗马。2. The bad weather _ _ _ _ _ the crops.恶劣天气已给农作物带来重大损害。3. By workin
2、g hard, he has _ _a good reputation for his goods.通过努力工作，他已经给自己的商品建立了良好的信誉。4. _ the table _ _ dirt by putting a cover over it.铺上桌布，别让桌子布满灰尘。5. Schools _ _ scholastic and professional skills, but not _ financial skills.学校教育只专注于学术知识和专业技能的教育和培养，却忽视了理财技能的培训。6. Downing Street has so far refused to _ _the
3、se reports.英国政府对这些报道迄今不予置评。7. He is a fugitive，trying _ _ _ _by the police.他是逃犯，正试图逃避警方的追捕。8. I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than_ _ _ _.我设法自立而不求助于我的父母。9. So far, scientists have_ _ _ in biology and medicine.迄今，科学家们已在生物学和医学上获得重大发现。10. The price _ _ _ _20 percent since May.自五月以来价格降低了百分之二十
4、。二、易混易错知识点reduce to, reduce by(1) reduce()to 降低到（某个位置、程度）The temperature has been reduced (from 40 degrees)to 28 degrees. 温度从40度降低到了28度。 (2) reduce()by降低了（by后面跟降低的具体幅度）The current death rate is reduced by 10% compared with that of the year of 1980.今天的死亡率同1980年相比下降了10%。类似短语还有：increase to增加到；increase
5、by增加了 decrease to减少到；decrease by 减少了expand to扩张到；expand by扩长了即境活用：1. The price of wheat has decreased _ 15%.2. The number of new students increased _ 160 _ 220.3. How terrible! My weight has increased _ 60 kilograms, which disturbs me a lot.三、课后自测（一） 基础知识自测I. 单词拼写1. Costs have been _ (减少) by 20% ove
6、r the past year.2. There was a lot of _(评论) about his behavior.3. A _ (化学) change takes place in paper when it burns.4. It wont be long before we can be rid of the _ (害虫) altogether.5. Never in the history of science had so many important _ (发现) come so quickly.II. 完成句子1. 她试图避而不答我的问题。(avoid doing)Sh
7、e tried _.2. 大家的眼光都注意着他。（focus on）All eyes _ him.3. 参加体育活动增强体力。(build up)Take part in the physical exercises and _.4. 几天前，老板发脾气，杰克被解雇了。(lead to)The bosss losing his temper _ the other day. 5. 精密仪器必须保持无尘。（keepfree from）The precision instrument must _ dust.6. 教师不肯评论考试结果。(comment on)The teacher refused
8、 _.（二）能力提升自测I. 单项填空1.Generous public funding of basic science would _ a good many benefits for the countrys health, wealth and security.A. result from B. lead to C. lie in D. settle down 2. Nowadays everyone is responsible for _ a harmonious society in China.A. making up B. taking upC. opening up D.
9、 building up3. Lots of waste has been dumped into the river，which has led to _.来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,KA. lots of fish having been killed B. kill lots of fishC. lots of fish being killed D. lots of fish to kill4. The operation room in every hospital has to _ bacteria of any kind so that the patient being ope
10、rated on doesnt get infected. A. keep free from B. make it free from C. be made free with D. be kept free from 5. Would you like to _the performance of newly developed energy-saving device? Sorry, but I am not in the position to _. A. make a comment on; comment B. have a comment with; comment on C.
11、build up comments on; comment on D. come up with a comment on; comment 6. All her energies are _upon children and she seems to have little time for anything else.Aguided Baimed Cdirected Dfocused7. What made you so delighted at Christmas?_.AI received much more presents than others BBecause my paren
12、ts promised me a new car CMy uncles coming back from abroadDAs there was an unusual celebration 8. Toms weight was reduced _ 10 kilograms last yearA. by B. to C. from D. in9. I dont know how to write the article assigned by our professor on international trade. You should have _ your attention on th
13、e lecture that _ how international situation affects exports and imports across the globe. A. put; concentrate on B. paid; talked about C. fixed; dealt on D. focused; focused on 10. Do you know that with wise men improves your mind? A. chat B. chats C. chatted D. chatting11. I would rather _ the foo
14、tball match last night with my friends. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.A. not have watched B. not watchC. hadnt watched D. havent watched 12. Look! What has happened. Id rather you _ him about the bad news. A. would not tell B. hadnt told C. didnt tell D. hasnt told13. When you
15、 are in the room, keep your eyes _ and your mouth _.来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.KA. open; close B. opened; closed C. open ; closed D. opened; close14. Much to my _, I am unable to accept your invitation.A. regret B. disappointment C. satisfaction D. astonishment15. She was _ with the result. We knew it from her _
16、 look.A. satisfying; satisfied B. satisfied; satisfiedC. satisfied; satisfying D. satisfying; satisfying(三) 智能拓展训练I. 阅读理解AAnimals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, itcan run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and c
17、laws. Butplants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on
18、 upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth. Many plants also h
19、ave chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends
20、to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, forinstance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experi
21、ence with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.1. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals_.A. are not tall enough B. like the lower leaves onlyC. are not clever enough D. can get the lower leaves easily2. To defend themselves, oa
22、k trees use_.A. chemical means B. physical meansC. bitter chemicals D. sandy materials3. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C. Its roots increase the
23、 production of nicotine when it is attacked.D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.4. What would be the best title for this passage?A. Plants and Animals B. How Plants Defend ThemselvesC. Attacks and Defenses D. How Animals Eat Plant LeavesB We have two daughters: Kristen
24、 is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang. Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the gue
25、sts coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second bedroom. The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of them. The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids. Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dr
26、ess, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big to do over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom think of ho
27、w it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom, crying. I said, What are you doing, my dear? She turned to
28、 me with a sad expression and said, Mommy, why dont people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because Im not pretty? Is that why they dont say nice things about me as much? I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel better. Now, whenever I visit a friends home, I mak
29、e it a point to speak to the elder child first.5. The underlined expression make a big to do over (paragraph 4) means _. A. show much concern about B. have a special effect on C. list jobs to be done for D. do good things for6.The guests praised Kelly for carrying coats upstairs because of her_. A.
30、beautiful hair B. pretty clothes C. lovely smile D. young age7. Kristen felt sad and cried because_. A. the guest gave her more coats to carry B. she didnt look as pretty as Kelly C. the guests praised her sister more than her D. her mother didnt introduce her to the guests8. We can conclude from th
31、e passage that _. A. parents should pay more attention to the elder children B. the younger children are usually more easily hurt C. people usually like the younger children more D. adults should treat children equallySection III Using language一、课前预习（一）重点短语1. build up 2. lead to 3. focus on 4. reduc
32、e by 5. keepfree from 6. cause/do damage to 7. turn to 8. make a discovery/ discoveries 9. avoid doing sth 10. comment on/make a comment on/ make comments on(二) 重点句型1. lead to 2. has done /caused great damage to 3. built up 4. Keep; free from 来源:Z+xx+k.Com5. focus on; on 6. comment on 7. to avoid be
33、ing caught 8. turned to my parents 来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K9. made important discoveries 10. has been reduced by二、易混易错知识点即境活用：1. by 2. from; to 3. to三、课后自测（一） 基础知识自测I. 单词拼写1. reduced 2. comment 3. chemical 4. pests 5. discoveriesII. 完成句子来源:学#科#网1. to avoid answering my questions 2. are/were focused on 3. bui
34、ld up your strength 4. led to Jack/Jacks being fired 来源:学科网ZXXK5. be kept free from 6. to comment on/make a comment on the examination results（二）能力提升自测I. 单项填空(15)1. B. 考查短语辨析。 result from“由于”；lead to“导致”；lie in“在于”；settle down“安顿，定居”。句意：基础科学充足的公共基金会对一个国家的健康、财富和安全有很多益处。根据题意可知选B项。2. D. 考查短语辨析。句意：如今每个人
35、都应担负起构建和谐中国的责任。make up表示“弥补”；take up表示“占据，从事”；open up表示“开放，开辟”；build up表示“使强壮，建造”。3. C. 考查动词用法和非谓语动词。lead to导致，后接名词或动名词，可排除B项；又因此处表示“鱼被杀”，可排除D项。A项现在分词的完成时，表示已发生的动作，显然不合题意。正确的说法是：lots of fish being killed，故选C项。4. D. 考查固定短语。keep the operation room free from bacteria of any kind 使手术室中没有任何细菌, 因此这里需要被动形式
36、。5. A. 考查固定短语。第一个空make a comment on/comment on 对进行评论；第二个空不定式作定语 to comment(on it)对此发表评论。6. D. 考查动词搭配。guide“指导，指引”；aim“针对，目标”；direct“指引，给某人指路”；focus ones attention/eyes/energy on/upon.“集中注意力/视线/精力于”。句意：她把所有的精力都集中在孩子身上，她似乎很少有时间关注其他任何事情。由句意可知答案为D项。来源:学科网ZXXK7. C. 考查动名词的复合结构作主语。由题干中的what在句子中作主语可知，答语只能用名
37、词、代词、不定式或者动名词。故只有C项符合题意。来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K8. A. 考查reduce的基本用法。句意:去年汤姆的体重减少了10公斤。reduce by减少了；reduce to减少到。9. D. 考查动词固定搭配。第一个空fix/focus ones attention on sth 集中精力于；pay attention to注意。第二个空可用deal with涉及，关于/ talk about 探讨/ focus on (concentrate on) 关注。10. D. 考查动名词作主语。在句中chatting with wise men 做宾语从句中的主语。1.
38、A. 考查“would rather have done”的用法。would rather not have done表示“宁愿没有做而实际上做了”。12. B. 考查“would rather从句”的用法。从句中的谓语动词若表示同现在/将来事实相反，则应用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时。“我宁愿你没告诉他那个坏消息”同过去事实相反。13. C. 考查“keep+宾语+宾补”的用法。open/closed 在句中是形容词作宾补。14. A. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我特别遗憾的是不能接受你的邀请。regret 遗憾；disappointment 失望；satisfaction满意
39、；astonishment震惊。15.B考查satisfied和satisfying 的区别。satisfied感到满意的,表示情感状态; be satisfied with 对满意；修饰人的表情，声音等也用-ed形式。satisfying令人满意的的，表示性质特征。(三) 智能拓展训练I. 阅读理解1. D. 事实细节题，由第二段最后一句the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.可知答案。来源:Zxxk.Com2. B. 推理判断题。由第三段首句Some plants, such as the oak tree, have t
40、hick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.可推知又厚又硬的树叶属于植物自我保护的物理手段。3. C. 推理判断题。由第四段This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine可知tobacco保护自己不被毛虫侵害的办法是产生更多的nicotine。4. B. 主旨概括题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现，原文第一段末句But plants can defend themselves by using both physical an
41、d chemical means.为主题句，全文都是在说明植物是怎样保护他们自己的。来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K5. A. 词义猜测题。从前文中客人更多的夸赞她的小女儿可以看出她认为成年人应该更多的关注小一点的孩子。6. D. 事实细节题。根据文章第三段They said she was a remarkable（非凡的） girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age.可知答案。7. C. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段with a sad expression and said: “Mommy, why dont people like me the way they like my sister? 可知Kelly委屈的哭了是因为客人表扬妹妹比自己多。8. D. 推理判断题。根据聚会上人们对待两个孩子的不同态度对孩子造成的伤害，可以推知文章的结论：成年人应该平等对待每个孩子。