1、杭州市2014高考英语冲刺阅读理解选练（5）及答案高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-The discovery of an ancient giant panda skull has confirmed its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.A Chinese-US research team reports its results today following studies on a fossil skull found in sout
2、h Chinas Cuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2001.The six fossils unearthed in Jinyin Cave are dated between 2.4 and 2 million years ago, according to the report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an influential US journal.Jin Changzhu, of the chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and l
3、ead author of the paper, said the smaller fossil skull indicates the giant pandas were about a third smaller than todays pandas.Researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when it peaked ,and then gradually became smaller.Jin, a paleontologist (古生物学者) at the Institut
4、e of Vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology (古人类学) attached to the CAS, said the size variation was a basic rule of evolution.“A species tends to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population , but becomes smaller when numbers decline,” he said. The dental remains of the skull, which
5、 is the oldest giant panda skull ever found, are similar to todays pandas, indicating the type of teeth that could munch (津津有味地嚼)mountains of bamboo. A panda can eat up to 40kg of bamboo per day.Paleoanthropologist Russell Ciochon, the US co-author at the University of lowa, said the pandas focus on
6、 bamboo could have helped it survive all these years.“Once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable food source, such as bamboo, it tends to evolve a larger body size,” he said. “As individuals of the evolving species grow bigger, they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators (肉食动物)
7、due to their larger body size.”1. According to the research of the CAS , there were most pandas in the world . A. 2 million years ago B. between 2.4 and 2 million years agoC. 500,000 years ago D. Nowadays答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。第四段提到了CAS，接下来一段提到 “Researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 50
8、0,000 years ago, when it peaked .”可知熊猫的体型最大的时候也是数量达到顶峰的时候是在500,000 年以前。故答案为C。2. The underlined word “variation” in para 6 means . A. fall B. change C. increase D. decrease答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推断题。结合划线部分所在的上下文，第五段和第七段提到了“maximum size”、“became smaller”与“grow bigger”，可以推断“size variation”就是体型变化，故答案为B。3. From
9、the passage, we can learn . A. pandas began to eat bamboo 2 million years ago B. a species tends to grow smaller when numbers decline C. the giant pandas were about a third the size of todays pandas D. pandas bamboo has played an important role in its development答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由第七段 “A species tend
10、s to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population , but becomes smaller when numbers decline,” 可知，B选项正确。由第一段 “.its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years .” 可知，A选项与文章细节不符；由第四段 “the giant pandas were about a third smaller than todays pandas.”可知，当时的大熊猫比现在的小三分之一，言外之意就是当时的大熊猫的体型是今天大熊
11、猫的体型的三分之二，正确表达应该是“the giant pandas were about two thirds the size of todays pandas”，故C选项错误。结合第一段 “.its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.” 和倒数第二段 “. the pandas focus on bamboo could have helped it survive all these years.” 两句话中的“may” 和 “c
12、ould”， 对竹子的作用都是一种推测，不是完全确定的结论，故D选项与文章不符。4.The passage mainly tells us that . A. pandas are endangered B. pandas had a long history C. pandas had bamboo to beat predators D. todays Pandas are similar to the oldest ones 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由文章最后一段的总结 “Once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable
13、food source, such as bamboo, it tends to evolve a larger body size,” he said. “As individuals of the evolving species grow bigger, they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators (肉食动物) due to their larger body size.” 可知，每一种动物一旦有了普遍而稳定的食物源，体型就会增大，这种庞大的体型可以帮它们战胜肉食动物，这种规律同样适用于大熊猫。故答案为C。阅读理解- (2
14、011陕西卷，B)Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies two daughters. Along with nine o
15、ther children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Svign in Paris.Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics.
16、When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using Xray facilities(设备) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers.Irene continued the work by developing Xray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military Medal by the
17、French government.In 1918, Irene became her mothers assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their s
18、on Pierre five years later.Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(辐射能). Irene JoliotCurie died from leukem
19、ia on March 17, 1956.本文是一篇人物介绍。介绍居里夫人大女儿Irene Curie的一生。5Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?ABecause she received a degree in mathematics.BBecause she contributed to saving the wounded.CBecause she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.DBecause she worked as a helper to her mother.答案：B。细节理解题。根据
20、文章第三段可知，第一次世界大战开始后，Irene帮助母亲救助伤员，法国政府以军功章的形式表示对她的贡献的认可。所以选择B项。6Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot?AAt the Curie Institute. BAt the University of Paris.来源:CAt a military hospital. DAt the College of Svign.答案：A。推理判断题。文章第四段说：在1918年，Irene在居里夫人研究院成为母亲的助手，1924年12月Frederic Joliot加入了该研究院
21、，Irene教给他该项工作要求的技术，不久他们相爱了并于1926年结婚，由此可推断出C项正确。7When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?AIn 1932. BIn 1927. CIn 1897. DIn 1926.答案：A。细节理解题。第四段最后一句表明：他们第一个孩子于1927年出生，5年后(1932年)第二个孩子出生，所以A项正确。8In which of the following aspects was Irene Cuire different from her mother?AIrene w
22、orked with radioactivity.BIrene combined family and career.CIrene won the Nobel Prize once. DIrene died from leukemia.答案：C。推理判断题。纵观全文可知，Irene在“与放射性物质打交道/把家庭与事业相结合/死于leukemia”这三方面与母亲相同，不同的是Irene获得一次诺贝尔奖，母亲两次。较难题目特训：科普知识类You know eating fruit and vegetables does good. But do you know it can also make
23、you look good? People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them slightly increased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers skin. They monitored the food intake of 35
24、 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the person look more healthy and an extra 3.3 portions could enhance their attractiveness, when the
25、ir photographs were rated by others.Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids(类胡萝卜素)，which are known to protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays, and can also prevent age-related diseases including heart disease and cancer. But while it was known eating extreme amounts of certain ve
26、getables such as carrots could turn skin orange，it was not known a small increase was perceptible(被觉察）to othersand was seen as appealing.A camera measured changes to the skins redness, yellowness and lightness, and found it significantly changed in people who naturally increased their intake. These
27、changes were not evident in three weeks. Using light sensors, the researchers showed these red and yellow hues were linked with the levels of carotenoids in their skin. There are hundreds of carotenoids but those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene(番茄红素)which gives tomatoes and red
28、 peppers their red colourand beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli, squash, and spinach. Skin colour is also affected by chemicals called polyphenols(多元酚)，found in apples, blueberries and cherries, which cause blood rush to the skin surface.31. What do we know from the research?A. If yo
29、u take in a little more fruit and vegetables, you will obviously look more attractive in three weeks.B. The researchers took the pictures of the 35 people in the research at different stages.C. Increasing your intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day can greatly improve your health.D. People who incre
30、ased their intake of greens by 3.3 portions a day were found the most attractive after six weeks.32. Which of the following is NOT the function of carotenoids？A. They can protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays.B. They can prevent heart disease and cancer.C. They can prevent age-relat
31、ed diseases.D. They can keep you in good health.33. Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Weve already known eating extreme amounts of carrots can turn skin orange.B. We knew in the past that eating a few more carrots could make us look appealing.C. The research showed the
32、improvement in skin is linked with the levels of carotenoids in it.D. Among hundreds of carotenoids, lycopene is thought to have the most dramatic 34. We can infer from the passage that _.A. skins redness, yellowness and lightness make a person look more healthy and attractiveB. carotenoids have the
33、 same effect as lycopeneC. it is carotenoids that give tomatoes and red peppers their red colourD. both beta-carotene and polyphenols affect skin colour by causing blood rush to the skin surface35. Which can be the best title of the passage?A. Eating fruit and vegetables does good. B. Fruit and vege
34、tables are rich in carotenoids. C. How to become attractive？D. Eating fruit and vegetables makes you look good.【参考答案】3.31-35 BDBAD高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-AIts no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. Thats especially true of
35、 children of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. Its also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes because of parents who cant or wont care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither
36、 description, but her recent court victoty could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father
37、shes ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal right” on her.The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. Thats an important development, though not so much in time.Shorly after birth in December 1978, Kimbe
38、rly Mays and another baby were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberlys biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasnt the Twiggs own daughter, but Kim only was, thus causing a cu
39、stody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would continue to have custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed. The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays caused people to debate her
40、 suit. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have rights to make a decision on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just possession to be handled as adults saw it.Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is important. But biological parents arent alway prefer
41、able to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not have an complete ownership that cancels all the rights of children.1. What was first of all considered in the Florida judges ruling? A. The biological link B. The childs benefits C. The true practice D. The parentss feelings.答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由
42、第二段 “A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father shes ever known and that her biological parents have no legal right on her.” 可知，Kimberly仍然和他的养父一起，生父母没有合法监护权利。由第三段对判决的评论 “The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary deter
43、minant of parentage. Thats an important development, though not so much in time.”可知， 该判决不把亲生关系作为判决的决定因素，这种改进虽然不及时，但是一种重要的进步。故答案为B，法官判决首先考虑的是孩子的利益。2. We can learn from the Kimberlys case that . A. children are more than just personal possessions of their parents B. the biological link between parent
44、and child should be paid more attention to C. foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care D. biological parents shouldnt demand custody rights after their child is adopted答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由倒数第二段最后一句话 “Thus he made clear that she was more than just possession to be handled as adul
45、ts saw it.” 可知，答案为A。3. The Twiggs demanded custody rights to Kimberly because they . A. found her unhappy in Mr.Mays custody B. thought they could treat her nicer C. were her biological parents D. felt very sorry about their past mistake 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。由第四段 “Medical tests showed that the child w
46、asnt the Twiggs own daughter, but Kim only was, thus causing a custody battle with Robert Mays.”可知，Twiggs是Kimberly的亲生父母。故答案为C。4. Kimberly had been given to Mr.Mays . A. by complete accident B. at his request C. out of her parentss mistakes D. for better care答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题，由第四段 “Shorly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another baby were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents.”可知，Kimberly出生后，和另外一个婴儿被错误的调换了， 纯属偶然。故答案为A。
