1、冲刺强化核心题根训练2014高考核心考点专项训练非谓语动词专题一、 三年高考概况(1)题目较难,考生的得分率很低(2)从考查内容看,非谓语动词做定语、状语和补语考查较多(3)在各个题型中都可以见到对非谓语动词的考查.二、 马年高考策略(1)加强非谓语动词基本用法和特殊考点的记忆(2)加强贴近高考的典型题训练.三、 三年高考回放 非谓语动词有to do不定式、v-ing和v-ed三种形式。顾名思义,非谓语动词不能在句中充当谓语动词。to do不定式的特殊用法:作定语1、被修饰词前有序数词修饰时,做后置定语的非谓语动词只能是to do不定式;2、to do不定式作定语表示将要做的事。做状语1、目的
2、状语只能用to do不定式;2、意外的结果状语用to do不定式;3、原因状语在表示情绪、心情的形容词后。做宾语补足语或主语补足语在五感动词和make、have、let等动词后常常省略to。V-ing和V-ed的区别在于和它们关系最密切的名词或代词之间是主动关系还是被动关系。作定语看和被修饰词的关系;做状语看和句子的主语之间的关系;作宾语补足语看和宾语的关系。【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw smoke from behind the house.A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen【答案】B【解析】句意:接下来我们看到的
3、是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的,因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。【考点定位】非谓语动词【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined【答案】C【解析】句意:因为有一座桥与大陆连接,那个岛屿很容易去。join是及物动词,但空格后没有宾语,故使用join的过去分词形式,充当表示状态或性质的形容词用,选项A、B、D都是主动式,
4、需要后接宾语,因此排除。选C。【考点定位】非谓语动词【2012江西卷33】Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.AspeakingBhaving spokenCto speakDto have spoken【答案】C 【解析】不定式表目的,又因D选项时态错误,故选C。【考点定位】非谓语动词【2012重庆卷28】Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the fut
5、ure of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made【答案】A【解析】分析句子结构可知,空白处为后置定语,与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系,而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知,表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行,C表示被动完成,D表示被动完成,但是不作定语。因此,正确答案为A选项。【考点定位】非谓语动词【2013年北京卷21】Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own.A. changeB. changingC. c
6、hangedD. to change【答案】D【解析】句意:志愿活动给你改变生活的机会,包括你自己的。从句意看,空处是定语,修饰名词chance。如果change是动词,则不能做定语;如果它是名词,则后面不能接宾语lives,故排除选项A;机会和改变之间不存在被动关系,排除选项C;改变生活的机会,逻辑上存在一种将来的含义,而不是进行,排除选项B。【考点定位】非谓语动词【2013年安徽卷24】_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. FindB. FindingC. To findD. Found【答
7、案】B【解析】句意:发现这个课程很难,他决定换个较低等级的。本句中,逗号之前是原因状语,由于句首和逗号之间都没有连词,可以推断前面不是句子,而只是某种结构,如果选find,则是祈使句,排除选项A;不定式做原因状语的时候,仅限于be + adj + to do的形式,排除选项C;分词做状语的时候,其逻辑主语跟句中主语要保持一致,即“发现”的逻辑主语是“she”,他们之间是主动关系,而过去分词表被动,排除选项D。【考点定位】非谓语动词四、 马年高考演练1. When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at ho
8、me. A. blockB. to blockC. blockingD. blocked【答案】D【解析】句意:当我们看到路被雪封堵了,就决定在家里度假。when引导的时间状语从句中,the road是宾语,其后的空处是做宾语的补足语,路跟堵之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词。【考点定位】非谓语动词2. _ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. KnownB. Having known C. KnowingD. Being known【答案】 C【解析】句意:掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于
9、你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。will help是句子的谓语部分,_ basic first-aid techniques是句子的主语部分,起逻辑主语是you,与Known构成主动关系,所以用动词-ing做主语。D是被动关系。【考点定位】非谓语动词3The sun began to rise in the sky,_ the mountain in golden light.Abathed Bbathing Cto have bathed Dhaving bathed【答案】 B【解析】句意:太阳在天空升起,那座山沐浴在金色的阳光中。来现在分词作伴随状语。解题思路:空格后有宾语,排除bath
10、ed;“太阳升起”在前,“那座山沐浴在金色的阳光中”在后,排除C、D。【考点定位】非谓语动词4_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnights so I could refill it.AStaying BStayed BTo stay DStay【答案】C【解析】句意:为保持温暖,我总是先给柴炉添上柴火,接着设好闹钟,以便半夜能够再添加柴火。不定式做目的状语,给柴炉添柴火的目的是保持暖和,故选择C。【考点定位】非谓语动词5. Lionel Messi, _ the record
11、 for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.A. setB. settingC. to setD. having set【答案】D【解析】句意:梅西,在一个日历年度创下了最多的进球记录,被认为是欧洲最优秀的足球运动员。解题关键:判断非谓语动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构得知,Lionel Messi is considered the most talented football player in Europe为主句, _ the record
12、 for the most goals in a calendar year在句中作状语,set与逻辑主语Lionel Messi构成主动关系,故先排除A;再根据句意,“创立记录在先,被认为是最有才华球员在后”,故用having set。所以选D。【考点定位】非谓语动词6. If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. askedB. to askC. askingD. having asked【答案】A【解析】句意:如果有人让你替别人照看行李,请马上通知警察。在if引导的从句中,如果从句的主
13、要动词是be,常将主语和be省略。解题关键:观察题目与选项。本题主句是祈使句,祈使句通常是动词原形开头,省略主语you,再观察选项,ask与you是动宾关系,因此从句的完整表达方式是if you are asked。因此,锁定答案A.【考点定位】非谓语动词7. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood【答案】A【解析】句意:房间里除了站在角落里的一个书架之外空空如也。_ in one corner在句中做后置定语,修饰bookshelf
14、,语态根据其逻辑主语a bookshelf和stand之间的逻辑关系来断定,二者之间为主谓关系,即主动关系,应用现在分词;而to stand表将来或表目的,与句意矛盾;C项stands为谓语,此句中已经有谓语is empty,所以可排除;而D项stood为过去分词,表示被动或完成;用在此句中显然也不符合要求。【考点定位】非谓语动词8. _ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. to eat C. Eat D. Eating【答案】A【解析】句意:事先在餐厅吃过了,所以Tin
15、a不想再去那里就餐了。因为本句中以前在这家餐厅吃过饭的动作发生的时间显然要早于主句的动作即不愿再去那里就餐这一动作发生的时间,所以应用V-ing的完成式即having done。所以答案为A。B项to eat表示目的;C项eat动词原形不能做非谓语;D项eating表示主动,不符合句意。【考点定位】非谓语动词9. The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D.
16、 having questioned【答案】A【解析】句意:警察刚才询问的证人对于打架给出了很不同的描述。解题关键是判断出动词的时态和语态。从语态上看,证人是被询问,排除选项D;从时态上看,just now以及gave是关键词,说明动作是过去发生的,排除选项B,C。【考点定位】非谓语动词10. The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area.A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed【答案】B【解析】句意:明年
17、竣工的机场将有助于推动该地区的旅游。空处是机场的定语,本题的关键词是next year,既然是明年,那就应该是未来的动作,非谓语动词中,只有不定式的一般式具有将来含义,故正确答案是to be comleted;选项A是现在分词的被动式,意思是正在竣工;选项C是过去分词,意思是已经竣工;选项D是现在分词完成式的被动语态,意思也是已经竣工,均不合题意,排除。【考点定位】非谓语动词11. _ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A. HearingB. HearC. Having heard D. To be hearing 【答案】A【解析】句意:听到别人对你刚读过的书做出怎样的反应能多添加一份喜悦。本题关键要分析句子结构,先找谓语动词creates排除B,后找主语,这里应该用动名词做主语,to be hearing不能作主语,排除D, having done强调先后顺序, heaving heard的意思是“先听到,后添加一份喜悦”,故排除C。【考点定位】非谓语动词