1、Unit 4Global warmingSection Grammar&Writingit的用法()第一板块单元语法1(教材原句 P26)_ a scientist called Charles Keeling _ made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.2(教材原句 P29)_ human activity _has caused this global warming.It was who It is that 考点一 强调句型的基本结构强调
2、句型的基本结构是：It is/was被强调部分who/that剩余部分。此句型强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，不能是定语或谓语。强调人时用 who(主格)、whom 或 that 都可以；强调其他成分一律用 that。强调句型的时态要依原句的时态而定，即原句为过去的某种时态，强调句中就用 was；原句为现在或将来的某种时态，强调句中就用 is。1强调主语It is I who/that am to blame.应受责备的是我。It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。2强调宾
3、语It was Hemingways novel The Old Man and the Sea that the boy wanted to read.这个男孩想看的是海明威的小说老人与海。It was an interesting story that the teacher told them in the class yesterday.老师昨天在班上给他们讲的是一个有趣的故事。3强调状语。状语可以是一个单词、短语，也可以是状语从句。It was yesterday that I met John in the library.我是昨天在图书馆里遇见约翰的。It was three y
4、ears ago that I joined the army.我是三年前参军的。It is only when one is ill that he realizes the value of health.人们生了病才意识到健康的价值。考点二 强调句型的特殊结构1not.until 结构用于强调句型在 not.until 的结构中，强调由 until 引导的短语或从句表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is/was not until.that.。注意：此时原句中的 not.until 要变成 not until，that 后面的句子的谓语动词要用肯定式。He didnt go t
5、o bed until his wife came back.(强调句型)It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.直到妻子回来他才睡觉。I didnt know it until yesterday.(强调句型)It was not until yesterday that I knew it.直到昨天我才得知此事。特别提醒在强调句型中只能用 until，不能用 till。如果不是强调句型，till 和 until 可以互换，但 till 通常不位于句首。2强调句型的疑问句式(1)强调句型的一般疑问句式是：Is/Wasit
6、被强调部分that/who其他成分？Was it Jim that/who bought the book?买那本书的是吉姆吗？Was it Mary that/who phoned just now?刚才打电话的是玛丽吗？Was it on this island that he found the rare bird?他是在这个岛上发现那只珍稀的鸟的吗？(2)强调句型的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分？强调句型的特殊疑问句作宾语时，其语序为：特殊疑问词it is/wasthat其他成分。Where was it that you met Tom yesterday
7、?昨天你是在哪儿遇见汤姆的？Why is it that you want to change your idea?你为什么想改变主意呢？When was it that Emily graduated from Harvard University?埃米莉是什么时候从哈佛大学毕业的？Who was it that saved the drowning child?是谁救了那个落水的孩子？I really dont know where it was that I put my wallet after I paid the bill.我真的不知道付了账之后我把钱包放在哪里了。巧学助记口诀巧记
8、强调句型：强调结构并不难，that/who 在中间；除了谓定不强调，主宾补状都在编；not until 常考题，否定强调把你难；疑问强调莫忽视，基本形式记心间。考点三 使用强调句型的注意事项1强调主语时，who/that 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应该与前面被强调的名词或代词保持一致。It is only I who/that am willing to go to the cinema.只有我愿意去看电影。It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.是玛丽和汤姆经常做好事。2在这个句型中，it 没有实际意义，但不能用其他词代替；is/was 数的形式
9、不受前面被强调部分单复数的影响。It is jazz that I hate most.我最不喜欢的就是爵士乐。It is his novels that I like most.我最喜欢的是他的小说。3强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用 that，不能用when，where，why 或 how；强调的如果是原因状语从句，从句只能由 because 引导，不能由 since 和 as 引导。It was in Shanghai that I saw the film.我看这部电影是在上海。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go
10、 with us.她没和我们一起去的原因是她的妈妈病了。4若被强调部分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。5that 在强调句型中与定语从句中的区别。that 在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，而在强调句型中不作任何成分。It was a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。(that 引导定语从句，在句中作主语)6识别强调句型的诀窍。
11、在 It is/was.that.强调句型中，It is/was 和 that 都没有词义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整，句意仍然通顺。试比较：It was for three hours that they have worked.They have worked for three hours.他们已经工作 3 个小时了。It was at five oclock that I arrived there.At five oclock I arrived there.我是 5 点到达那里的。It was five oclock when I arrived there.我到达那里时是 5 点。
12、(It 指代时间)It is really a wonder that he is still alive.他仍然活着真是一个奇迹。(It 作形式主语)It is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。(It 指代书).单句语法填空1It is imagination _ makes the world colorful and full of vigor(活力)2Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?3It _(be)the
13、se students who helped the old man several days ago.thatthatwas4It was not until the last moment _ she mentioned her own plan.5(2018广东广州期末)It was only when I read this story for a second time _ I began to appreciate its beauty.6It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng
14、 He had sailed to East Africa.7(2018江苏泰州校级月考)When was it _ the Shanghai Disneyland _ you dreamed of visiting was open to the public?thatthatthatthatwhich/that8It is not whether you win or lose,but how much you learn _ really counts.9Was it in the house _ you were born _you experienced the earthquake
15、?10I dont mind her criticizing me,but _ is how she does it that I object to.11I think it is the sales manager,rather than the sales girls that _(be)to blame.thatwherethatitis12His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is that he is trying to express.13Johns success has nothing
16、to do with good luck.It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today.whatthat.单句改错1It was only when I reread his poems recently so I began to appreciate their beauty._2It was in Qingdao where I saw the sea for the first time._3It was because the bad weather that the football match had to be
17、 put off._sothatwherethatbecause后加of4It is I who is going to be sent there to help them._5It was her that told me about it._6It is I who the teacher has punished._7 It was a white man that the black men were speaking._8It was not until you told me just now did I knew the answer._第二个isamhersheImespea
18、king后加todidthat.语法与写作1_(正是任何感兴趣的学生)is welcome to participate.2_(正是这些经验)helps me better understand the proverb“Practice makes perfect”3_(就是在我特别的关心下)my mother recovered quickly.It is any student who is interested thatIt is the experience thatIt was with my special care that4_(正是我妈妈)gave me a hug,and I
19、 could see satisfaction in her eyes.5 _(正 是 在 我 们 国 家)the Mid-Autumn Festival has been enjoying great popularity.6_(就是直到那时)I realized words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.It was my mother thatIt is in our country thatIt was not until then that环境问题第二板块单元写作文体感知文体特点环境问题多为提纲式作文或图表式
20、作文，就某一社会问题或现象进行解释，并加以评论。体裁一般为说明文。明确文章的结构。第一段，呈现问题或现象；第二段，解释或阐述这种问题或现象存在的原因；第三段，提出建议或解决方法。增分佳句As far as I am concerned,it is a good solution.在我看来，这是一个解决问题的好办法。Whats more,it is a good way for us to do it and it is beneficial to our environment.更重要的是，我们做这件事是个好办法，这对我们的环境有好处。Therefore，lets do something t
21、o build up our bodies.因此，为了强身健体，让咱们行动起来吧。Only in this way can we do it better.只有这样，我们才能把它做得更好。写作模板Im _(姓名)from_(地点)The topic of my speech is _.(引出话题)As is known to all，with the improvement of _，_ has become popular,bringing _ to our life.However,they have also caused _ such as_.(呈现问题或现象)How can we s
22、olve these problems then?As far as I am concerned，_ is a good solution.For one thing，_.(理 由 一)For another,_ because _.(理由二)Whats more，_ is a good way for us to _and it is beneficial to _.(理由三)(解释或阐述问题或现象存在的原因)Therefore，lets _ to build up _by_.Only in this way can we do it better.(倒装句提升句式)Come on and
23、 join us.(提出建议或解决方法)写作要求(2018广州高中检测)假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Lets Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份 100 词左右的演讲稿，主要内容包括：1目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；2骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利于健康等；3号召大家骑自行车，过低碳生活。参考词汇：低碳生活 low-carbon life；节能的 energy-saving审题谋篇遣词1主题_2演讲_3方便_4方法_5环保的 _6有益的 _topicspeechconveniencesolutionenvironmentallyfriendlybene
24、ficial7随着的发展_8众所周知_9就我个人而言_10只有用这种方式我们才_with the development ofas is known to allas far as Im concernedonly in this way can we造句1完成句子(1)众所周知，随着人们生活水平的不断提高，汽车已经成为最流行的交通工具。As is known to all，_peoples living standards,cars have become the most popular means of transport.(2)汽车的使用已经给我们的生活带来了极大的方便。Using c
25、ars _ great convenience to our life.with the improvement of has brought environmentallyfriendly give off is a good way is beneficial to(3)自行车非常环保。Bicycles are very _.(4)自行车不会排放废气。Bicycles wont _ waste gas.(5)骑自行车是很好的锻炼方式。Riding bicycles _ for us to exercise.(6)骑自行车有益于我们的身体健康。Riding bicycles _ our he
26、alth.2句式升级(7)用非谓语动词形式合并(1)(2)两句。_(8)用 because 合并(3)(4)两句。_As is known to all，with the improvement of peoples living standards,cars have become the most popular means of transport,bringing great convenience to our life.Bicycles are very environmentally-friendly because they wont give off waste gas.(9
27、)用 and 合并(5)(6)两句。_Riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.妙笔成篇_One possible version：Good morning，everyone，Im Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.The topic of my speech is“Lets Ride Bicycles”As is known to all，with the improvement of peoples living standar
28、ds,cars have become the most popular means of transport,bringing great convenience to our life.However,they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.How can we solve these problems then?As far as I am concerned,riding bicycles is a good solution.For one thing,bicycles do
29、nt need any petrol and they are energy-saving.For another，bicycles are environmentally-friendly because they wont give off waste gas.Whats more,riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.Therefore,lets take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.Only in this way can we do it better.Come on and join us.Thank you!word部分：请做：课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块