1、Unit 4Global warmingSection Learning about Language&Using Language练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读先读通 WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUTGLOBAL WARMING?Dear Earth Care，I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems.Howe
2、ver，I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today【1】As Im not sure where to start with my project【2】，I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.Thank you!Ouyang Guang【1】画线部分为省略 that 的宾语从句，在宾语从句中“we use energy today”是一个省略了 that 或 in which 的定语从句，从句修饰先行词 the way。
3、【2】As 引导原因状语从句，“where to start with my project”在此为“特殊疑问词动词不定式短语”作宾语。Dear Ouyang Guang，There are many people who have a commitment like yours【3】，but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment【4】That is not true.Together，individuals can make a difference.We do no
4、t have to put up with pollution.【3】who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 many people。【4】“they have the power to do anything.”为省略了连接词that 的宾语从句，其中不定式短语“to do anything.”作后置定语，修饰 the power。再记住on behalf/bIhf/of 代表一方；作为的代言人individual/IndIvIdl/n.个人；个体 adj.单独的；个别的have little effect on 对几乎没有影响(该短语中 effect 为不可数名词)advocate/dvkeIt
5、/vt.拥护；提倡；主张commitment/kmItmnt/n.承诺；交托；信奉make a difference (to.)(对)有关系，有影响put up with 忍受；容忍pollution/plun/n.污染；弄脏再翻译 关于全球变暖，我们能做些什么呢？亲爱的“关爱地球”(组织)：我正代表我校做一项关于全球变暖的专题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样一个巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而，我仍然认为人们应该提倡改进我们现在使用能源的方式。因为我还不确定该从哪里着手我的专题研究，所以我会感激你们所提出的任何建议。谢谢！欧阳光亲爱的欧阳光：有许多人跟你有同感，但是，他们不相信他们有能
6、力为改善我们的环境做些事情。这种想法是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。先读通The growth of the greenhouse gas，carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day.Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it.They should get you started with your project.1We use a lot of energy in our houses.It is O
7、K to leave anelectrical applianceon so long as you are using it【5】if not，turn it off!Do not be casualabout this.So if you are not using the lights，the TV，the computer，and so on，turn them off.If you are cold，put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.【5】本句为主从复合句，so long as 引导条件状语从句，主句中 It 是形式
8、主语，动词不定式短语“to leave.on”是真正的主语，“leave an electrical appliance on”是“leave宾语宾补”结构，副词 on 作宾补。2Motor vehicles use a lot of energyso walk or ride a bike if you can.3Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials【6】，
9、so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials【7】【6】It 在此为形式主语，动词不定式短语“to make things from new materials”是真正的主语。【7】过去分词短语“made from recycled materials”为后置定语，修饰 things。4Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energythis includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and m
10、icrowaves【8】5Plant trees in your garden or your school yard，as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them【9】.【8】that 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是 things。【9】“as they absorb carbon dioxide.at them”为 as 引导的原因状语从句，从句中含有 when 引导的时间状语从句。6Finally and most importantly，be an
11、 educator.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.Rememberyour contribution21 counts22！Earth Care 再记住growth/gr/n.增长；生长electrical/IlektrIkl/adj.电的；与电有关的appliance/plaIns/n.用具；工具；器具casual/kl/adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的be casual about.对漫不经心and so on 等等motor/mt/n.
12、发动机can/kn/n.容器；罐头circumstance/skmstns/n环境；状况economical/iknmIkl/adj.节约的；经济的economic adj.经济上的；经济学的economics n经济学microwave/maIkrweIv/n.微波炉；微波refresh/rIfre/vt.使恢复；使振作educator/edkeIt/n.教育工作者；教育家21 contribution/kntrIbjun/n.贡献make contributions to 对做贡献22 count vi.重要【核心素养链接文化采风】低碳生活(low carbon living)，就是指生活
13、时要尽力减少所消耗的能量，特别是二氧化碳的排放量，从而减少对大气的污染。低碳生活既是一种生活方式，同时也是一种生活理念，更是一种可持续发展的环保责任。低碳生活，从我做起：拒绝塑料袋 巧用废旧品远离一次性 提倡水循环出行少开车 用电节约化办公无纸化 购物需谨慎植物常点缀 争做志愿者再翻译空气中温室气体(即二氧化碳)的增加的确起因于我们每天做的许多事情。有几条关于如何减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应该能够使你开始你的专题研究。1 在室内我们会用大量的能源。只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！不要对此漫不经心。因此，如果你不用电灯、电视、电脑等，就把它们关掉。如果你觉
14、得冷，就多穿点衣服吧，而不要把暖气调高。2 机动车耗费大量的能源。因此，如果你可以，就步行或骑自行车吧。3 如果情况允许的话，把易拉罐、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料制造物品需要大量的能源，因此，如果你可以，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。4 让你的父母去买那些能节省能源的产品吧，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉这样较小的东西。5 在你的花园或校园里栽种树木，因为它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，当你看到它们的时候你会觉得精神振奋。6 最后也是最重要的，要教育他人。和你的家人、朋友谈一谈全球变暖，并把你学到的东西告诉他们。记住，你的贡献很重要！“关爱地球”(组织)通语篇 学理解 重分析2 语篇理解
15、.Match the purpose with each letter.1The first letter Ato seek advice from Earth Care2The second letter Bto offer suggestions to Ouyang Guang答案：1.A 2.B.Read the letters and choose the best answers.1Which is true about Ouyang Guang in Letter 1?AHe thinks individuals have great effect on environmental
16、 problems.BHe is confident about where to start with the project on global warming.CHe thinks people should improve the way of using energy.DHe is alone in doing the project about global warming.答案：C2Which is the right suggestion given by Earth Care in Letter 2?AIts OK to leave electrical appliance
17、on so long as you are at home.BWalk or ride a bike when possible.CRecycle cans，bottles，plastic bags under any circumstances.DPersuade your parents to buy things economical with energy except cars.答案：B.Read the text and fill in the blanks.Ouyang GuangIndividuals can have little effect on 1._problems.
18、People should advocate 2._ in the way we use energy.EarthCareviewsIndividuals can 3._ a difference to our environment.The growth of the 4._ gas，carbon dioxide in the air results from our daily behaviour.environmentalimprovementsmake greenhouse EarthCaresuggestions5._ off electrical appliances if the
19、y are not being used.6._ or ride a bike.Recycle things and buy things made from 7._ materials.Buy things that use less 8._.Plant 9._.Tell the people around you about 10._ warming.TurnWalkrecycledenergy trees global.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Sometimes I feel that individu
20、als can have little effect on such huge environmental problems.分析该句为复合句。在该句中 _是系动词，其后跟了一个由_ 引导的表语从句。“_”为固定短语，表示“起不了什么作用的”。翻译 有时候我觉得，像这样巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。feelthathave little effect on 2There are many people who have a commitment like yours，but they do not believe they have the power to do anything
21、to improve our environment.分析该句是一个 _连接的并列句。第一个并列分句是there be 句型，里面还包含一个由 _引导的定语从句。第二个并列分句中 believe 是及物动词，其后跟了一个省略_的宾语从句“they have the power to do anything to improve our environment”。翻译 有许多人跟你有同感，但他们不相信自己有能力来改善我们的环境。butwhothat3The growth of the greenhouse gas，carbon dioxide in the air actually comes
22、as a result of many things we do every day.分析该句是一个主从复合句。_是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 _，关系代词 _在句中作宾语，被省略。_是固定短语，表示“由于，因为”。翻译 空气中的温室气体二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。we do every daymany things thatas a result of 记单词 记短语 记句型3 基础梳理记住新知识重点词汇基础词汇1._ adj.平均的2_ adj.分布广泛的；普通的3_ adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的4_ n.环境；情况5_ vt.使恢复；使振作averagewidespr
23、eadcasualcircumstancerefresh记住新知识重点词汇拓展词汇6._ vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理_ n倾向；趋势7_ n贡献contribute v贡献；投稿8_ n生存；存在exist v存在9_ n污染pollute vt.污染pollutantn污染物10_ n不同意disagree vi.不同意tendtendencycontributionexistencePollutiondisagreement记住新知识重点词汇拓展词汇11_ n增长；生长grow vi.生长；增长12_ vt.拥护；提倡；主张advocator n拥护者13_ n承诺；委托co
24、mmit v向保证growthadvocatecommitment 重点短语1._代表2_大体上；基本上3_容忍4_等等5as/so long as_6instead of_7make a difference_on behalf ofon the wholeput up withand so on只要代替有影响重点句型1.疑问词不定式作宾语As Im not sure _ my project，I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.由于还不清楚该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我希望能得到你们的建议！where to start with 重
25、点句型2so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句；省略句It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on _you are using it_，turn it off!在用电器时你可以让它开着如果不用就把它关掉！so long as if not重点句型3It takes sth.to do sth.花费做某事_ from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.用新材料做东西要消耗大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。It tak
26、es a lot of energy to make things 联想微空间1.合成wide adj.宽的spread n蔓延；扩散widespread adj.广泛的micro adj.微小的wave n波浪；波动microwave n微波；微波炉2派生 名词后缀：-ence，-ment，-ionexist(v.)-enceexistence mit(v.)-mentcommitment n.pollute(v.)-ionpollution n.研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析1average adj.平均的；普通的；一般的 n平均数；平均水平；一般水准(教材原句 P29)The gre
27、enhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15.温室效应使地球表面的平均温度为 15。归纳拓展an average of平均above/below(the)average高于/低于平均水平on(the)average平均up to(the)average达到平均水平 基础训练单句语法填空(重庆卷改编)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.(2019 安徽宿州期末)_ aver
28、age,he gets three calls per hour during office hours.Mr.Smiths salary is _ average in his company,which makes him upset.aboveOnbelow 能力提升完成句子他们平均每年花在玩具上的钱为 220 美元。They spend _$220 a year on toys.我们平均一天上 7 节课。_ we have seven classes a day.他的成绩远远高于平均水平。His grade _.他的生活水平低于平均水平。His living standard _.an
29、 average of On average is well above average is below average 2on behalf of 代表一方；作为的代言人(教材原句 P30)I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表学校进行一个关于全球变暖方面的课题研究。归纳拓展on behalf of sb.on sb.s behalf 代表某人in behalf of sb.in sb.s behalf 为帮助某人 基础训练句型转换Im greatly honored to put on a
30、n performance here on behalf of my school.Im greatly honored to put on an performance here _.She taught in the small village in behalf of the children.She taught in the small village _.on my schools behalf in the childrens behalf The heros wife accepted the medal on his behalf.The heros wife accepte
31、d the medal _.on behalf of him 能力提升完成句子娄滔的父母代表她签署了一份人体器官捐献文件，她现在正处于“深度昏迷”状态。Lou Taos parents signed a human organ donation document _ her,who is now in“deep sedation”肯不在场，所以我代表他领奖。Ken is not present，so I shall accept the prize _.on behalf of on his behalf 3make a difference 有影响；有区别；有不同(教材原句 P30)Toge
32、ther，individuals can make a difference.众人拾柴火焰高。归纳拓展make some difference 有一定的影响make no difference 没有影响make a big difference to sb.对某人有很大影响 基础训练单句语法填空Education can make _ big difference to the quality of a persons life.Whether Tom comes or not makes no difference _me.I thought then and still think one
33、 person can make a _(different)a to difference 能力提升完成句子我做志愿者是因为我不仅想看看这个世界，我还想让它变得不同。I volunteer because I want to not just see the world，but make a _ it.他在不在对我们的工作没有影响。Whether he is here or not will _ our work.锻炼对你的健康状况大有影响。Exercise can _ your state of health.difference to make no difference to make
34、 a big difference to 4put up with 忍受；容忍(教材原句 P30)We do not have to put up with pollution.我们不必去忍受污染。归纳拓展put off延期；推迟put out熄灭；扑灭；出版put through接通电话put up张贴；举起；过夜；投宿 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事，今日毕。Far water does not put out near fire.谚远水救不了近火。A large hotel，which can put up th
35、ree or four hundred guests，has a great responsibility.一个能够给三、四百游客提供食宿的大旅馆有很大的责任感。基础训练完成句子所有这些我不会容忍的。I will not _ all this.我想知道她能否让我住几天。I wanted to know if she could _ for a few days.我能忍受这套房子凌乱，但不喜欢它不干净。I can _ the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.put up with put me up put up with 杰克
36、把桌子上的东西收拾好，穿上他的外套走出了办公室，因为他再也忍受不了老板粗鲁的态度了。Jack _ the things on the desk，_ his coat and went out of his office because he couldnt _his bosss rude attitude any longer.put away put on put up with 5so long as 只要(教材原句 P30)It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not,turn
37、 it off!如果你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！归纳拓展(1)so long asas long as 意为：只要，引导条件状语从句。(2)当意为“与一样长，长达”时，as long as 用于肯定句或否定句；而 so long as 只用于否定句。基础训练完成句子只要我和儿子在一起，我不在乎。I dont care _.只要使用时间不太长，你可以用我的词典。You may use my dictionary _.只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。You wont find paper cutting difficult _ you keep practicing
38、 it.so/as long as I am with my sonas/so long as you dont keep it too longas long as6circumstance n情况；环境；条件；状况(教 材 原 句 P30)Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话，把易拉罐、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。归纳拓展under/in no circumstances决不；无论如何不放在句首时，句子要部分倒装under/in the circum
39、stances 在这种情况下；既然如此He isnt a reliable man.In/Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.他不可靠。你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。Under the circumstances,it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。Circumstances permitting,Ill go abroad to study.情况允许的话，我会出国学习。以下表示否定意义的短语位于句首时，句子要
40、用部分倒装：under/in no circumstances(在任何情况下)都不/决不；at no time(在任何时候)都不/决不；on no condition(在任何条件下)都不/决不；by no means(通过任何方法)都不/决不。注意 in no time(立刻，马上)位于句首时，句子不倒装。基础训练单句语法填空/结合上面内容完成句子The best way to learn a foreign language is living in the circumstance _ the language is spoken.在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这份工作。_ he felt
41、unable to accept the job.无论如何我们都不能放弃我们的梦想。_ can we give up our dreams.whereUnder/In the circumstancesUnder/In no circumstances中国在任何时候，在任何情况下都不会先使用核武器。_ China be the first to use nuclear weapons.你决不能独自旅行。_ you travel alone.我们决不能说谎。_ we tell lies.At no time and under no circumstances willOn no conditi
42、on canBy no means can1(教材原句 P30)It is OK to leave an electrical appliance onso long as you are using itif not,turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！句型分析句中 leave an electrical appliance on 为“leave宾语宾补”结构，宾补是副词 on。if not 在本句中是 if you are not using it 的省略形式。归纳拓展if 型省略结构在 if 引导的条件状语从句里有时可以省略从句中的主语和谓
43、语动词，在这类省略结构中有的已构成固定结构，常见的这类结构有：(1)ifnot/so：if not 如果不，要不；if so 如果这样的话，如果那样的话Do you have an umbrella？If not，Ill lend you mine.你带伞了吗？如果没有，我把我的借给你。Is it raining?If so,lets go there tomorrow.在下雨吗？如果是这样，我们明天再去那儿吧。(2)if形容词：if necessary 如果有必要的话；if possible 如果可能的话If possible,try to go to bed early every day
44、.如果可能的话，尝试每天都早点上床睡觉。If necessary，Ill go there myself.如果有必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。(3)if代词：if any 即使有(任何)Correct errors,if any(if there are any errors)如有错误就请更正。(4)ifever：如果有过/发生过的话He seldom if ever travels abroad.他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。基础训练完成句子(全国卷改编)If the steps you take are working，keep it up._(不然)，take another lo
45、ok at other methods you could try.It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._(如果这样的话)，wed better take it to the garage immediately.If notIf so_(如果有必要的话),you can turn to me for help at any time.Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes，_(如果可能的话)，Im going to visit some
46、old peoples homes in the city.If necessaryif possible2(教材原句 P30)It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.用新材料制造物品需要大量的能源，因此，如果你可以，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。句型分析It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，第一分句，为“It takes sth
47、.to do sth.”句型归纳拓展It takes.to do sth.句型该句型表示“做某事需要/花费”。It 在此作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。take 后面的宾语通常包括energy，courage，love 以及表示时间、金钱的数词或名词等。It took great courage to tell the truth.说出真相需要很大的勇气。It takes about half an hour to get to the airport.到机场大概需要半个小时。表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”的常用句型有：It takes some time for sb.to do
48、sth.It takes sb.some time to do sth.Sth.takes sb.some time.完成那个实验花了他两个月的时间。It took two months for him to finish the experiment.It took him two months to finish the experiment.The experiment took him two months.基础训练单句语法填空/一句多译_ takes more than money to help those in need;it also takes love.(2018 天 津
49、卷 改 编)It took him a long time _(acquire)the skills he needed to become a good dancer.to acquireIt我每天花两小时做我的家庭作业。(take)_It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.My homework takes me two hours every day.It takes two hours for me to do my homework every day.随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练.单词拼写1The a_ cost o
50、f making a movie has risen by 15%.2Today there are less than 100 copies of the book still in e_.3It was such a hot night that I had a cold shower to r_ myself.4As is shown in the movie,under no c_ should you lose faith.veragexistenceefreshircumstances5Many teachers _(提倡)that the education system(sho
51、uld)be reformed.6He tried to sound _(漫不经心的)，but I knew he was worried.7I have a(n)_(倾向)to talk too much when Im nervous.8There is a _(普遍的)use of chemicals in agriculture.advocate casualtendency widespread.完成句子1我通常花半小时到达学校。It usually _ my school.2我想正午会有一辆动车。要是没有，你只好等到下午 2 点了。I think theres a bullet t
52、rain at midday._,you will have to wait till 2 oclock in the afternoon.takes half an hour for me to arrive atIf not3你可以进行一个短途旅行，只要你确保按时完成你的论文。You can take a trip，_.as/so long as you guarantee to finishyour paper on time4因为对那件事感到很难过，我开始考虑帮忙做点什么。Feeling quite sorry for that，I begin to think about _.5我们
53、主张严格控制污染以保护环境。We advocate that _ by strict control of pollution.what to do to helpenvironment(should)be protected.课文语篇改错I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I felt that individuals can not have any effect at such huge environmental problems.Anyway，Im not sure wh
54、ere to start it with my project.So I would love to get any suggestion.It is suggested that we took many measures.For example，we can buy things making from recycled materials.Planting trees is also good way.Important，we can ask your family and friends to work together with us.We can get our parents t
55、o buy products that are made to save energy.Rememberingour contribution counts.答案：I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I that individuals can not have any effect such huge environmental problems.Anyway，Im not sure where to start with my project.So I would love t
56、o get any.It is suggested that we many measures.For example，we can buy things from recycled materials.Planting trees is also good way.，we can ask family and friends to work together with us.We can get our parents to buy products that are made to save energy.our contribution counts.word部分：请做：6课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块