1、Unit 3A healthy lifeSection Learning about Language&Using Language练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读先读通 HIV/AIDS：ARE YOU AT RISK？HIV is a virus.A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.There are many different viruses，for example，the flu virus or the SARS virus.HIV weakens a persons immune system;tha
2、t is，the part of the body that fights disease.You can have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease【1】This stage of the illness is called AIDS.If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival are very small.【1】
3、so.that.如此以至于，that 引导结果状语从句。再记住 at risk 处境危险immune/Imjun/adj.有免疫力的chance/tns/n.(尤指希望发生的事的)可能性survival/svaIvl/n.幸存 再翻译 人体免疫缺损病毒/艾滋病你是否面临危险？HIV 是一种病毒。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。病毒的种类多种多样，如流感病毒或 SARS 病毒。HIV 病毒会削弱人的免疫系统，即身体里与疾病抗衡的那个部分。HIV 病毒在血液中可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，致使你的身体不能再与疾病抗衡。疾病发展到这一阶段就叫艾滋病了。如果得了艾滋病，你存活的希望就很小了
4、。先读通 HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex.For a person to become infected，blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus，has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.One day scientists will find a cure forHIV/AIDS.Until that happens，you need to prot
5、ect yourself.Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.【2】【2】本句为复合句，其中 you can do 为定语从句，修饰先行词 things，you stay safe 为省略 that 的宾语从句，作 make sure 的宾语。If you inject drugs：do not share your needle with anyone else.Blood from anotherperson can stay on or in the needle.If a person has HIV a
6、ndyou usethe same needle，you could inject the virus into yourown blood.do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.Blood could have spilt on it.If you have sex with a male or a female：use a condom.This will prevent sexual fluid passing from oneperson to another.The follow
7、ing statements are NOT true.A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex【3】WRONG.If one sexual partner has HIV，the other partnercould become infected.You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they haveHIV.WRONG.Many peoplecarrying HIV【4】look perfectlyhealthy.It is only when the disea
8、se has progressed to AIDS that aperson begins to look sick.【5】Only homosexuals get AIDS.WRONG.Anyone who has sexwith a person infected with HIV/AIDS【6】risks getting the virus.Women are slightly more likely tobecome infected than men.If you hug，touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them intheir ho
9、me，you will get HIV/AIDS.WRONG.You canonly get thedisease from blood or sexual fluid.Unfortunately，people with HIVsometimeslosetheir friends becauseofprejudice.Many people areafraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infected withHIV/AIDS.For the samereason，some AIDS patients cannot findanyone t
10、o look afterthem when they are sick.You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes.WRONG.Thereisno evidence of this.【3】the first time they have sex 为 the first time 引导的时间状语从句，the first time 表示“第一次的时候”。【4】carrying HIV 为现在分词短语作定语，修饰 Many people。【5】本句使用了强调句型 It is.that.，被强调部分 only when the disease has progressed
11、 to AIDS 是时间状语从句。【6】who has sex.with HIV/AIDS为 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 Anyone，其中 infected with HIV/AIDS 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 a person。再记住 fluid/fluId/n.流体；液体sex/seks/n.性；性别infected/InfektId/adj.感染病菌的infection/Infekn/n.传染；感染；传染病injection/Indekn/n.注射；注射剂inject/Indekt/vt.注射a cure for.治疗的方法needle/nidl/n.针；(注射器的)针头sp
12、ill/spIl/(spilt，spilt)vi.溢出；洒落 vt.使溢出；使洒落male/meIl/n.男人；雄性动(植)物 adj.男性的；雄性的female/fimeIl/n.女人；雌性的动(植)物 adj.女性的；雌性的homosexual/hmsekl/n.同性恋 adj.同性恋的前缀 homo-(同样，相同)常构成名词和形容词。prejudice/preddIs/n.偏见；成见【核心素养链接文化采风】为提高人们对艾滋病的认识，世界卫生组织于 1988 年 1 月将每年的 12 月 1 日定为世界艾滋病日，号召世界各国和国际组织在这一天举办相关活动，宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知识。从此，
13、这个概念被全球各国政府、国际组织和慈善机构采纳。之所以将每年 12 月 1 日定为世界艾滋病日，是因为第一个艾滋病病例是在1981 年 12 月 1 日诊断出来的。世界艾滋病日的标志是红绸带。红绸带标志的意义：红绸带像一条纽带，将世界人民紧紧联系在一起，共同抗击艾滋病，它象征着我们对艾滋病病人和感染者的关心与支持；象征着我们对生命的热爱和对和平的渴望；象征着我们要用“心”来参与预防艾滋病的工作。再翻译 HIV 病毒是通过血液或性交时身体产生的体液传播的。携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。总有一天科学家们会找到医治 HIV 病毒和艾滋病的方法。在找到之前
14、，你需要保护你自己。你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己安全。如果你要注射药物：不要同他人共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针头上或针头内。如果一个人携带 HIV 病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把这种病毒注入你自己的血液中。在注射药物时，不要使用他人用过的其他任何物品。血液可能已经溅到这些物品上来了。如果你同一个男人或女人性交：使用避孕套。这样可以防止性交时产生的体液的传播。下列这些说法都是错误的。初次性交时不可能感染 HIV 病毒。错误。如果性交的某一方携 带 HIV 病毒，另一方就有可能被感染。你可以通过观察辨别出某人是否携带 HIV 病毒。错误。许多携带 HIV 病毒
15、的人看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。只有同性恋才得艾滋病。错误。任何人如果同感染了 HIV病毒或得艾滋病的人性交，就有感染这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。如果同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会感染 HIV 病毒或得艾滋病。错误。你只可能通过血液或性交时产生的体液得这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，携带 HIV 病毒的人有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从患者那儿感染HIV 病毒或得艾滋病。出于相同的原因，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到人来照顾他们。蚊子可以传播 HIV 病毒或艾滋病。错误。还没有证据证明这一点。通语篇 学理解
16、重分析2 语篇理解.What is the main idea of the passage?It introduces the _ about AIDS/HIV and how it is spread.It also tells us _ by means of correcting some wrong statements towards AIDS/HIV.basic knowledge how to stay safe.Match the main idea with each part.1.Part 1(Para.1&2)A.Ways to protect yourself.2.P
17、art 2(Para.3&4)B.Some wrong statements about HIV/AIDS.3.Part 3(Para.5)C.Background information about HIV/AIDS.答案：1.C 2.A 3.B.Read the text and choose the best answers.1Will you be infected with AIDS by hugging a person with AIDS?ANo，by touching.BNo，by visiting.CNo，by kissing.DNo，by sharing needles.答
18、案：D2What is the advice given in the passage on the HIV/AIDS protection?AIf you want to protect yourself from infecting HIV/AIDS，dont share your things with other people.BIf you dont want to be infected with HIV/AIDS，dont hug or kiss someone with HIV.CIf you have sex with a male or female，using a con
19、dom could protect you from being infected with HIV.DOnly when you keep away from those who look sick can you protect yourself from HIV infection.答案：C3A person may be infected with HIV through _.Ablood Bsexual fluidCinjection Dall of the above答案：D4The passage tells us about _.Asome common understandi
20、ng about HIV/AIDSBwhat HIV/AIDS is and the way of transmittingCways to protect ourselvesDthe definition of HIV/AIDS答案：B5The passage is a(n)_.Aadvertisement BstoryCposter Dnews report答案：C.Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks.The definition of HIVHIV is a(n)1._ that weakens a persons 2._
21、system.The spread of HIVIt is spread through 3._ or the fluid that the body makes during 4._.The measures of protectionDo not share a(n)5._ or anything else that a person has used while 6._drugs.Using a(n)7._ while having sex.virusimmunebloodsexneedleinjectingcondomWrong ideasOne cannot get HIV 8._
22、they have sex.You can tell by 9._ someone whether or not they have HIV.Only 10._ get AIDS.HIV/AIDS can be infected by hugging，touching or 11._ someone with AIDS.12_ can spread HIV/AIDS.the first timelooking athomosexuals kissingMosquitoes.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1For a
23、person to become infected，blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus，has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.分析该句为复合句。在该句中主语是 _，其后跟了一个由 _引导的定语从句。“through broken skin or by injection”是由 _连接的两个并列的方式状语。blood or sexual fluid thator翻译 携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的伤口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。2Here a
24、re some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.分析该句是一个倒装句。副词 _放于句首，句子应用完全倒装，系动词 _置于主语 some things 之前。“you can do”为省略了引导词 that 的定语从句，修饰 some things。stay在此处是一个系动词，意为“保持某种状态”，后跟形容词_。herearesafe翻译 你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己安全。3It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins t
25、o look sick.分析该句是一个强调句。_是强调结构，可以用来强调句子中除了谓语外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。本句中被强调的部分是时间状语 _。原句是“A person begins to look sick only when the disease has progressed to AIDS.”。look 在此处是一个系动词，后跟形容词 sick。翻译 只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。It is(was).that/who only when the disease has progressed to AIDS 记单词 记短语 记句型3 基础梳理记住新知识重点词
26、汇基础词汇1._ n药丸；药片2._ n.偏见；成见3._ adj.局促不安的；笨拙的4._ n.流产；中途失败pillprejudiceawkwardabortion记住新知识重点词汇拓展词汇5._ adj.不合法的；违法的legal(反义)adj.合法的6._ n.看法；判决；判断judge v判决7._ adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的embarrassvt.使局促不安embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的illegal judgement embarrassed 记住新知识重点词汇拓展词汇8._ adj.男性的；雄性的 n男人；雄性动(植)物_(反义)adj.女性的；雌性的 n女人；雌
27、性动(植)物9._ n幸存；幸存者survive vi.幸存；活下来malefemalesurvival重点短语1_不顾；不管2_冒险3_陷入；染上(坏习惯)4at risk_5out of breath_6make up ones mind_in spite oftake risks/a riskget into处境危险；遭受危险上气不接下气下定决心重点句型1.that is 即，也就是说HIV weakens a persons immune system;_，the part of the body that fights disease.HIV 病毒削弱人体的免疫系统，也就是说，人体里
28、与疾病抗衡的那个部分。that is 重点句型2so.that.如此以致于You can have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system _ your body can no longer fight disease.在你的血液中，HIV 病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。so much that 重点句型3whiledoing sth.中 doing 的逻辑主语与主句主语一致Do not share anything
29、 else that a person has used _.在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。4It is/was被强调部分that.为强调句式_ a person begins to look sick.只有当这种病发展成为艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。while injecting drugs It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that重点句型5be likely to do.可能做Women _ to become infected than men.女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。are slightl
30、y more likely 联想微空间1.联想记单词不了解情况，就提前(pre)作出判断(judge)，定有“偏见”prejudice n偏见2构记法记单词judge(v.)-ment(名词后缀)judgement n.il-(否定前缀)legal(adj.)illegal adj.研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析1in spite of 不顾；不管(教材原句 P20)In spite of all his efforts he failed.尽管付出了所有的努力，他还是失败了。In spite of my efforts at persuasion，he wouldnt agree.尽管我
31、努力劝说，他还是不同意。A good harvest was obtained in spite of the drought.尽管遭受干旱，还是获得了好收成。She is going out for a walk in spite of the fact that it is snowing.尽管正在下雪，她仍然要出去散步。归纳拓展in spite of 为介词短语，与介词 despite 及 regardless of 一样，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词，意义基本相同。though，although也有“虽然，尽管”之意，但它们是连词，后面应接句子。基础训练单句改错I went shoppi
32、ng in spite for the rain._能力提升同义句转换Though he had no money，he led a happy life._ no money，he led a happy life._ no money，he led a happy life._ no money，he led a happy life.forof In spite ofDespiteRegardless ofIn spite of the fact that they are against it，we are going on doing it._ they are against it
33、，we are going on doing it.Although/Though 2get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)(教材原句 P20)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place!当然对付这些毒品的最好的方法是首先就别养成(吸毒的)习惯！The sailors were warned not to get into trouble while they were on shore.水手们受到警告，不许在岸上惹麻烦。She suddenly
34、got into a panic and stopped her car.她突然惊慌失措起来，就把车停了。It was unwise of you to get into debt.你负债是不明智的。归纳拓展get into the habit of.染上/养成的习惯get into trouble 陷入困境get into a panic 惊慌失措get into debt 负债 名师指津get into 用法概览(1)“get into名词”指的是“陷入/染上(某习惯)”的不延续动作，不可直接与一段时间连用。(2)“get into名词”的反义短语常用“get out of名词”。基础训练
35、完成句子你最好不要养成喝酒的习惯。Youd better not _ drinking.如果能避免，绝不要欠债。Never _ if you can avoid it.get into the habit of get into debt3survival n幸存；生存；存活(教材原句 P22)If you develop AIDS,your chances of survivalare very small.归纳拓展fight for survival 为生存而奋斗survive v幸存；仍然存在survive sth.经历仍然存在survive on sth.靠继续维持生活survive
36、sb.by 比某人多活 基础训练单句语法填空(安 徽 卷)Ants behavior contributes most to the _(survive)of them.How did they survive _ such a small monthly wage?She survived her sister _ ten years.survivalonby能力提升完成句子对于心脏骤停，唯一最好的幸存机会是让附近某个人介入并快速做心肺复苏术。(2017北京卷)For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance _ is having some
37、one nearby step in and do CPR quickly.他们用很少的钱就可以生存。They can _ very little money.她比她丈夫多活了三年。She _ three years.for survivalsurvive on survived her husband by 4judgement n看法；判决；判断(教材原句 P23)Before you read this text,what judgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS?在你读这篇文章之前，你对那些携带艾滋病病毒的人有什么看法？归纳拓
38、展in ones judgement 按某人的看法make a judgement on/about 对做出判断pass judgement on 对评价/宣判show good judgement in 在方面表现出良好的判断力 基础训练完成句子/选词填空(in ones judgement/pass judgement on)我不愿对目前的形势发表看法。I am unwilling to _ the present situation.He _ the accused man._，we shall refuse them.make a judgement on/aboutpassed ju
39、dgement onIn my judgement能力提升单句语法填空He refused to make a judgement _ the situation.Its very hard to pass judgement _ yourself.He showed good judgement in _(make)decision related to the project.on/aboutonmaking5embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的(教材原句 P24)Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrasse
40、d and awkward.然后她递给我一支香烟，我感到既尴尬又胆怯。归纳拓展(1)be/feel embarrassed about/at.对感到难为情/不知所措be/feel embarrassed to do sth.对做某事感到尴尬(2)embarrassvt.使尴尬embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；使人难堪的 基础训练用 embarrass 的适当形式填空Ive never felt so _ in my life.It can be _ to have a child say what he does not want to.She dragged up that in
41、cident just _ me.embarrassedembarrassingto embarrass能力提升完成句子他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。He _ people speak so highly of him.不要问隐私事情让他觉得为难。Dont _ asking personal questions.这是一个尴尬的局面，但是他们成功地应付过去了。It was _，but they carried it off well.was very embarrassed to hear embarrass him by an embarrassing situation1You can
42、have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.在你的血液中，HIV 病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终将使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于使你的身体不能再抗衡疾病。句型分析连词 but 连接了两个并列分句，第二个分句中 so.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。归纳拓展so/such.that.引导结果状语从句的用法：(1)so.that.的常见句型如下：soa
43、dj./adv.that.soadj.a/an可数名词单数that.somany/much/few/little名词that.(2)such.that.也可以引导结果状语从句，常见句型如下：sucha/anadj.可数名词单数that.suchadj.复数名词或不可数名词that.基础训练完成句子他太紧张了以至于汗水沿着他的面颊直淌下来。He was _ sweat began to pour down his face.他说话如此大声以至于房间里的每个人都听到了。He spoke _ everyone in the room heard him.so nervous thatso loudl
44、y that公交车上有那么多人以至于我几乎不能挪动了。There were _ I could hardly move on the bus.天气如此好以至于我决定和朋友们去远足。It is _ I decide to go on an outing with my friends.这本书是如此受欢迎，以至于几乎每个人都有一本。It was _ nearly everybody had one.so many people thatsuch fine weather thatsuch a popular book that2Do not share anything else that a p
45、erson has used while injecting drugs.注射药物时，不要使用他人用过的其他任何东西。句型分析while injecting drugs 为状语从句的省略用法，将其补充完整为 while you are injecting drugs。归纳拓展状语从句中的省略在有 when，while，before，after 等连词引导的时间、条件、让步和方式等状语从句的复合句中，若从句主语与主句主语相同，且从句谓语中含有 be 动词的某种形式时，则省略从句的主语和be 动词，即从句谓语变为非谓语动词。表示主动用动词-ing 形式，表示被动用动词-ed 形式，构成“when/
46、while/before/after.v.-ing/v.-ed”形式。当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是 it，从句谓语中又含有 be 动词的某种形式时，可以把 it 和 be 动词一起省略；有的已经成为一种习惯用法，如 if necessary 等。基础训练单句语法填空When(it is)_(heat)，water can be changed into steam.While _(walk)alone in the street,I heard my name called.heatedwalking能力提升完成句子如果有必要的话，他会来这儿的。He will come her
47、e _.不论什么时候，只要有可能，我都会来帮助你。_，I would come and help you.if(it is)necessaryWhenever(it is)possible口诀助记省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以。从句谓语含有 be，两句主语一样的。从句若有 it be,照样省去莫迟疑。3It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。句型分析本句为强调句型，强调 when 引导的时间状语从句。归纳拓展强调句型基本
48、结构为：(1)陈述句：Itis/was被强调部分that(指人时可以用 who代替)从句。(2)一般疑问句：Is/Wasit被强调部分that/who 从句？(3)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who 从句？(4)not.until.的强调句式：Itis/wasnot until.that 从句 基础训练完成句子只有当我们生病的时候，我们才开始意识到保持健康有多么重要。_ we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy.你是在八点钟开始工作的吗？_ at eight oclock _ you began to w
49、ork?It is only when we get ill thatWas itthat 你究竟是怎么从着火的公交车里出来的？_ you managed to get out of the bus on fire?直到河里的鱼死了，农民们才知道河水被污染了。_ the fish died in the river _ the farmers knew the river had been polluted.How was it thatIt was not untilthat随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练.单词拼写1Because of the economic crisis，some
50、small companies are having to fight for s_.2Alfred felt very e_ at being the centre of attention.3It is i_ to sell tobacco to children under 16.4At a formal party I usually feel very a_ and out of place.urvivalmbarrassed llegalwkward5Frank showed good _(判断)in deciding not to invest in the project.6I
51、f a woman has an _(流产)，she ends her pregnancy deliberately so that the baby is not born alive.7All the _(女性的)workers in this factory got a present on March 8th.8He has to take _(药丸)to control his blood pressure.judgementabortion female pills.完成句子1不能回答那个问题他觉得很尴尬。He _ he was not able to answer the que
52、stion.2他是一个如此懒惰的人以至于她父亲不同意他们的婚事。_ was he that her father disapproved of their marriage.3直到他告诉我，我才明白这件事。_ I had an idea about it.felt embarrassed that So lazy a man/Such a lazy man It was not until he told me that 4从他说的话来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。_，he must be an honest man.5明天他可能很忙。_ very busy tomorrow._he will b
53、e very busy tomorrow.6读书的时候心静如水难道不是一件乐事吗？Isnt it a pleasure to have great calm in mind _Judging from his words/what he said He is likely to be It is likely that while reading?.课文语篇改错HIV is a virus that weaken a persons immune system.You can have HIV in your blood for a long time.However，eventual it
54、will damage your immune system so much as your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness was called AIDS.So far，almost everyone who has developed the AIDS died.HIV is spread through blood or the fluid where carries the virus.The virus gets inside the body through breaking skin，or by
55、 injection.Certainly，scientists will find a cure to HIV/AIDS one day.But before that happens，you need to protect myself.答案：HIV is a virus that a persons immune system.You can have HIV in your blood for a long time.However，it will damage your immune system so much your body can no longer fight diseas
56、e.This stage of the illness called AIDS.So far，almost everyone who has developed AIDS died.HIV is spread through blood or the fluid carries the virus.The virus gets inside the body through skin，or by injection.Certainly，scientists will find a cure HIV/AIDS one day.But before that happens，you need to protect.word部分：请做：6课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块
