1、第7讲定语从句考点1as，which引导的非限制性定语从句1It is a truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015湖南，29)Aas BwhereCthat Dwhich答案D解析句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或t
2、hat引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。2China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建，34)Awho BwhomCthat Dwhich答案D解析句意为：今日中国吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词指代前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，且空格前有逗号，故用which来引导。3The number of smo
3、kers，_ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏，21)Ait Bwhich Cwhat Das答案D解析考查定语从句。句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，符合句意，故选D项。考点归纳关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。1as意为“正如，像”。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。The famous magician Liu Qian，as
4、we all know，is from Taiwan.众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩子喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。2which引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。He changed his mind again，which(and this/that) made us all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。She tore up my
5、photos，which (and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。3as有以下常见的“固定表达”：as we all know 众所周知；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as often happens 正如经常发生的那样；as we expect 正如我们预料的那样；as you see正如你所见；as was expected 正如预料的那样；as can be seen 看得出来；as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样；as has been said above 如上所述；as we all can see 正如我们
6、都能看到的那样；as is often the case情况常常如此；as everybody can do正如人人都能做到的那样。考点2where引导的定语从句1The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津，15)Awhere BwhichCwhen Dwho答案A解析句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmos
7、phere，且从句中缺少地点状语，故要用where。2Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.(2014福建，31)Awho BwhenCwhich Dwhere答案D解析关系副词where引导定语从句修饰先行词community activities，且在从句中作地点状语。3The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work _ a good
8、 impression is a must.(2014江苏，22)Awhich BwhenCas Dwhere答案D 解析句意为：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。work后跟一个定语从句，且work在从句中作状语，表示一个抽象的地点名词，用where来引导。考点归纳当先行词为position，case，point，stage，situation，condition等表示抽象地点的名词，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，常用where引导定语从句，此时where相当于under which，from which，意为“在这种情况下，从中”。一些不是明显表示地点的
9、名词作先行词时，也常用where引导定语从句。He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西，33)他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(2013四川，9)现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。考点3when引导的定语从句1We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，
10、_ the weather may be better.(2016天津，9)Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen答案D解析句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。2As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.(2015陕西，15)Awhich BwhereCwhom Dwhen答案D解析句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能
11、独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，表示时间，且从句中缺少状语，故用when引导。3I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade，_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江，5)Awhen BwhereCwhich Dwhy答案A解析句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树取下了一个挂在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词the fifth gra
12、de的进一步说明，when在从句中作时间状语。考点归纳关系副词when在定语从句中作状语，一般不能省略，可用“介词which”替换。when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。有时候when也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。She went to Japan two years ago，since when I havent heard from her.她
13、两年前去了日本，从那以后我就没有收到过她的来信。考点4whose引导的定语从句1I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京，22)Awhose BwhyCwhere Dwhich答案A解析句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。2The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2015四川，3)Awh
14、ich BwhatCwhose Dthat答案C解析句意为：桌面上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。本题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词the books和covers之间是所属关系，故选C。3A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014山东，10)Awhich BwhoseCwho Dwhy 答案B 解析考查定语从句关系词的用法。句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company形成所属关系，故选择whos
15、e。考点归纳whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“限定词名词of which”或“of which限定词名词”来代替。Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?你认识那个日语非常优秀的姑娘吗？Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.请递给我封面是绿色的那本书。考点5“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1Many young people，most
16、 _ were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，23)Aof which Bof themCof whom Dof those答案C解析句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。2Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ ha
17、s been proved.(2016浙江，11)Awhom BwhichCwhat Dthat答案B解析句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是many theories，指物，故应用 which。3He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.(2015重庆，14)Awhom BwhichCthem Dthat答案B解析句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半
18、的书是在20世纪90年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰childrens books的非限制性定语从句，which指代childrens books。考点归纳1“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介词which/whom。不能用that 和who。This is the teacher from whom weve learned a lot.这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live.我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。 2“名词/
19、代词/数词等ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句。介词of表示整体和部分的关系，of前边会出现复杂的形式，常见的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the biggest/half/many等ofwhich/whom”形式。做题时如果不好理解，可将关系代词换成先行词，则句子结构和意义就比较明显了。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.(2013重庆，24)约翰大约邀请了40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他
20、的家人。3介词which名词His wife got seriously ill，in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，因此他不得不放弃出国的机会。4“复合介词短语which”引导的定语从句。此结构常与先行词用逗号分开，且定语从句常用倒装语序。They arrived at the house，in front of which sat a little boy.他们到达那座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。5from where为“介词关系副词”结构，也可以引导定语从句。He hid himself b
21、ehind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在门后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西。(from where指代from behind the door，并非指代from the door)考点6定语从句易混辨析1Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.(2014湖南，33)Athat BwhichCwhat Dwho答案A解析考查强
22、调句型的判定。句意为：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做的事情。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，来验证句子成分是否完整。经判断句子“Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.”成分完整，结构正确，由此可以判定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。本题中包含结构not.but.“不是而是”，连接平行的并列结构。2It was the culture，rather than the language，_ made it hard
23、 for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014福建，29)Awhere BwhyCthat Dwhat答案C 解析考查强调句。句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。去掉It was及空格处所填词此句成分仍完整，由此可断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处用that。考点归纳1定语从句与并列句：并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。He has two children，and both of them are abroad.He has two children，bo
24、th of whom are abroad.2定语从句与地点状语从句：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。Rice doesnt grow well where there is not enough water.(状语从句)I still remember the farm where(in which) my parents worked ten years ago.(定语从句)3定语从句与强调句：强调句的结构为“It is/was被强调部分that从句”。被强调部分可
25、以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。检测是否是强调句的方法是：把强调句中的It is/was与that/who去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport.(强调句)It is the factory where Mr Wang works.(定语从句)4定语从句与结果状语从句：在such.as/that结构中，如果复合句中需要一个引导词，同时又需在从句中充当一定的成分，
26、则用as作关系词来引导定语从句。如果从句中不缺少任何成分，所需要的词只起连接作用，则要用that来引导结果状语从句。She is such a kind and funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her.It is such a big stone as no one can move.方法1先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，则为定语从句。Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone
27、missing two years before.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhen答案D解析her stay为先行词，代入定语从句后为：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there.。when指代during her stay，在定语从句中作时间状语。方法2四步分析法正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用“四步分析法”来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否属特殊。(1)As a child，Jack studie
28、d in a village school，_ is named after his grandfather.Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dthat答案A解析句意为：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。分析句子结构可知，此题考查定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。(2)Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quick
29、ly.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat答案B解析句意为：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。分析句子结构可知，本定语从句不缺主要成分，故排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除。children与diet是所属关系，故B项符合题意。方法3固定搭配法在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.Aon which Bby whichCto which Dfrom which答案C解析句意为：风力
30、是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to重新恢复，属于固定搭配。强化练(七) (限时12分钟)1His sister had become a teacher，_was what he wanted to be.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwho答案A解析分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰a teacher，故排除B、C两项；a teacher在这里是一个职业名词，而非指人，排除D项。故选A。2It wasnt easy having my friends talk about their freshman years _ I wasnt
31、 a part of.Awhom BwhenCthat Dwhat答案C解析句意为：让我们的朋友讲述大学一年级时候的事情，而在那时候我又没有在其中，这样做是很难的。定语从句中缺少宾语，而先行词是years，故用关系代词that。3Among the performers in the circus were some boys，_the youngest was only seven.Awhich Bof whomCthat Dof those答案B解析考查“介词ofwhom”引导的定语从句。the youngest of whom相当于the youngest of the boys。故选B
32、。4The presidents of America and Canada hold regular meetings，_ they can discuss ways to strengthen security cooperation between the two countries.Awhere BwhichCwhat Dwhy答案A解析句意为：美国和加拿大总统定期举行会议，在会议上他们可以讨论加强两国之间安全合作的方法。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是meeting，后面的定语从句句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词where在句中作地点状语。故A正确。5We are hoping for
33、support from Mr.Webster，without _support we cant make it.Awhich BwhoseCwhat Dthat答案B解析句意为：我们希望从Mr.Webster那里得到支持，没有他的支持我们就不能成功。此处是定语从句，该空后有名词support要用whose，指Mr.Webster的支持，故选B。6He worked in a car factory for four years，_he founded his own company in his hometown.Aafter which Bafter whenCafter that Daf
34、ter it答案A解析句意为：他在一家汽车公司工作了四年，在那以后，在家乡建立了自己的公司，after which引导非限制性定语从句，故选A项。7Wechat intends to radically change the way _ people use mobilephones.A/ BwhichCwhy Dwho答案A解析考查定语从句。当way作先行词，并在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用that或in which或省略。 8My uncle finally bought his dream house _ overlooks a beautiful park.Awhich BwhereC
35、who Dwhat答案A解析先行词是his dream house，在定语从句中作主语，故A项正确。9Every 40 minutes we will take a 20minute break，_ your guide will give a short talk on different aspects of the Great Wall.Aduring that Band whenCwhich Dduring which time答案D解析句意为：每四十分钟我们都会休息二十分钟，在这休息期间你们的导游将会对长城的各个方面做一个简单的讲解。分析句子结构可知，during which tim
36、e your guide will give a short talk on different aspects of the Great Wall为非限制性定语从句，先行词为20minute break。故选D。10I shall never forget those days _ I lived in the army with the soldiers, _ has a great effect on my life.Athat；which Bwhich；thatCwhen；that Dwhen；which答案D解析分析句子结构可知，第一空后的定语从句中缺少状语，先行词是those da
37、ys，故选关系副词when；第二空是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子。that不引导非限制性定语从句。11_is often the case，we have worked out the production plan.AIt BWhichCWhat DAs答案D解析as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的句子。as is often the case事实往往如此。12This is the website _I intend to add to my favorites to help me learn how to write poems.Awhere BwhatCwhich
38、Dwhy答案C解析句意为：这就是我想添加为最爱的网址，我想让它帮助我学习如何写诗。由句意可知，add后缺少宾语，所以选关系代词。where，why项是关系副词；what不引导定语从句。13You may search on the Internet for professors and their courses about the university _ may interest you.Awhich BwhereCthat Dwho答案C解析professors and their courses about the university是先行词，既有人又有物，在定语从句中充当主语。故C
39、项正确。14Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.Aof which Bwith whichCabout which Dinto which答案C解析考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。argue about the subject关于这个主题的讨论。15His study in Peking University lasted four years，_ he founded his own company in Hong Kong.Aafter which Bafter whenCafter that
40、 Dafter it答案A解析考查定语从句。句意为：他在北大的学习了四年，之后他在香港成立了自己的公司。分析句子结构可知该处为非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面的“在北大学习四年”这件事，又因为成立公司在学习之后，故选A。16Personal space is the region surrounding a person _ they regard as psychologically theirs.Awho BwhereCwhen Dwhich答案D解析考查定语从句。句意为：个人空间是指一个人周围的区域，人们在心理上会认为这个区域是属于他们自己的。the region为定语从句
41、的先行词，从句中regard后缺少宾语，应用which引导。故选D项。17Im going to write a passage about the days _ we stayed together.Ain which BwhenCwhich Dwhat答案B解析考查定语从句。句意为：我打算写一篇关于我们呆在一起的那些日子的文章。when引导定语从句且在从句中作状语，是对先行词the days的补充说明。18Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hea
42、ring.Awhen BwhoseCwhich Dwhere答案D解析考查定语从句。句意为：那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动。根据句子结构判断，空白处缺引导定语从句的关联词，由于先行词activity在从句中担任地点状语所以应该选择关系副词where。19The teacher talked with Jim，_ problems was poor study habits.Awhose BwhichCone of whose Done of which答案C解析考查定语从句。句意为：老师跟Jim谈话，他的问题之一就是差的学习习惯。后半句是定语从句，此处意为：Jim的问题之一，用one of whose引导定语从句。20Father once told me that life was like an onion，_ sometimes would make you weep when you tried to open it.Awhich BthatCas Dwhat答案A解析考查定语从句。句意为：父亲曾经告诉我生活就像洋葱，当你试图打开它的时候，它有时会让你哭泣。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是onion，从句中缺少主语，所以用which引导。故选A项。
