1、Section Grammar and usage 动词不定式作主语和表语探究发现1To eat out was also a social activity.2. .it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.3It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.4Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.5My plan is to invite my
2、 friends over at the weekend to show them my newfound skills.我的发现(1)句1中的不定式To eat out作主语；句2和句3中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式to make a simple and tasty dish和to give up the food that you grow up with；(2)句4和句5中的不定式to eat at a restaurant和to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my newfound skills都是
3、作表语，放在系动词的后面。 语法图解 单元语法一图贯通 语法突破 语境理解合作探究在英语语法中，动词不定式(to do)是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称作不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。一、动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态 语态时态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done二、动词不定式作主语1动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词常用单数。
4、To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。To make up for lost time is not possible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。2若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下3种：Itis名词to do sthIts our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。It is an offence to drop litter in the street.在马路上乱丢废物是违章的
5、。It takes sbsome timeto do sthHow long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多长时间来完成这项工作？Itbe形容词for/of sbto do sthIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我们难以在十五分钟内完成这篇作文。It is stupid of you to write down everything(that) the teacher says.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来的行为是很愚
6、蠢的。It seems (appears)形容词to do sthIt seemed impossible to finish the work on time.看上去不可能按时完成这项工作。 补全句子To save money now seems impossible.现在好像不可能存钱。Its so nice to hear your voice听到你的声音真高兴。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。It was silly of us to believe him我们真
7、愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It is my great honour to make a speech here.能在这儿做演讲是我极大的荣幸。三、动词不定式作表语不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，且有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。1表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)作主语时，其表语应用动词不定式。Her greatest wish is to see her parents again.她最大的愿望是能够再见到父母。My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.我的主要目的是指出这件事的
8、困难。2不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。My dream is to be a doctor.To be a doctor is my dream.我的梦想是成为一名医生。3当主语部分含有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。All I did was (to) turn off the gas.我所做的就是把煤气关掉。单句语法填空My task is to show (show) you around our newlybuilt library.Her wish is to become (become) an engineer.The purpose of ed
9、ucation is to develop (develop) a fine personality in children.What he hoped was to be admitted(admit) into the university.All that he could do was (to) comfort (comfort) her.1throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于(教材p.6)In the last few weeks, Ive thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot
10、 to frying steak in the pan.在过去的几周里，我全身心投入到家庭烹饪中，从锅里煮面条到锅里炸牛排。throw away扔掉；浪费掉；放过throw back扔回，阻止，使重新依靠，反射throw cold water on泼冷水throw in the towel认输，投降throw off(从)扔开，去掉(伪装)，摆脱掉，散发出throw up呕出(食物) (经典佳句)To throw oneself into strange teachings is quite dangerous.攻乎异端，斯害也己。练透用throw的相关短语填空I should know by
11、 now not to throw away the directions until weve finished cooking.I should never have told you that.I knew youd throw it back at me.He feels like his going to throw up what he has eaten all the time.写美补全句子I dont want to throw cold water on your ideas, but I think you are overoptimistic.我不想对你的想法泼冷水，不
12、过我认为你过于乐观了。I refuse to throw in the towel because conditions will change.我拒绝放弃，因为情况会变化。2impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给留下深刻印象；使意识到(教材p.7)As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.只要你不怕高，市中心最新的餐厅Sky Buffet就会给你留下深刻印象。(1)impress .on .把
13、印在上impress sth on/upon sbimpress sb with .使某人牢记某事be impressed by/with .对印象深刻What impressed sb is/was that .使某人印象深刻的是(2)impression n.印象；感想leave/make/create a/an .impression on sb给某人留下一个的印象(3)impressive adj.给人印象深刻的(经典佳句)What impressed him most was their speed.最令他佩服的是他们的速度。练透用impress的适当形式填空The films sp
14、ecial effects are particularly impressiveI was very impressed by the efficiency of the staff.The book left a deep impression on him.写美补全句子Impressed by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.美丽的景色给我留下了深刻的印象，我忘了及时回家。I was very impressed by one young man at my lectures.来听我课的一个年轻人给我留下了很
15、深的印象。3out of this world好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫(教材p.9)The mooncake is always my favourite because of its satisfying taste that is out of this world and the happy memories it brings to mind.月饼一直是我的最爱，因为它令人满意的口味是超凡脱俗的，它给我带来了美好的回忆。Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。out of breath上气不接下气out of balance失去平衡out of s
16、tock脱销out of date过时out of patience不耐烦out of control/hand失去控制(经典佳句)The view from the top is out of this world.从顶上看出去风景好极了。练透用out of的相关短语填空By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite out of breathWe eventually ran out of patience with his childish behaviour.The boy is wild and completely out
17、 of control写美补全句子Ill bet theyll taste out of this world我敢说此味只应天上有。I was depressed; my life seemed completely out of balance我情绪低落；我的生活彻底失去了平衡。1句型公式：no wonder (that) . 难怪(教材p.6)No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!难怪人们说，什么都比不上家常菜！(1)wonder at对惊讶wonder to do .想做wonderwh从句/wh to do考虑，盘算wonder
18、 if/whether .对是否感到疑惑(2)work/do wonders创造奇迹Its a wonder that .令人惊讶的是(经典佳句)With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪士尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会发展。练透单句语法填空Its a wonder that you didnt lose your way in the dark.As he welcomes me into his home，I wonder
19、 if/whether he feels like easing off a little.No wonder she looks so familiar; she is my former student.写美补全句子We can work/do wonders if we unite as a family，caring for each other and helping those in need.如果我们能像一家人一样团结起来，互相照顾，经常帮助那些需要帮助的人，我们就能创造奇迹。 When we were wondering what to do，the manager came
20、out.当我们正在考虑该做什么时，经理出来了。 2句型公式：in order that为了；以便，引导目的状语从句(教材p.7)We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly.我们先把土豆放进锅里，这样土豆很快就会熟。(1)表示目的的状语从句可以由in order that (为了；以便)，that (以便)，so that (以便), lest (免得；唯恐)，in case (以防), for fear that (生怕；以免)等引导。(2)引导目的状语从句的so tha
21、t 可以用in order that 替换，意义无甚差别；若主句和从句的主语一致的时候还可以用so as to或in order to将其转换为简单句。(3)有时为了加强语气，in order that 从句或in order to短语还可以放在句首，但so that 和so as to却不能放在句首。练透单句语法填空They go by plane in order that they may get there in time.In order to get (get) a complete picture, further information is needed.写美补全句子They
22、 are learning English in order that they can study a particular subject他们在学习英语以便能研究某一学科。Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences.双方会晤以努力解决分歧。维度一基础题型练用所给单词的正确形式填空。1To see (see) one time is better than to hear a hundred times.2It is not an easy thing to master (master) a language.3I
23、t made us very angry to hear him talk like that.4Its very nice of you to be (be) so considerate.5It takes me three hours to finish (finish)the homework every day.6To do (do) that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.7The only thing I can do now is (to) go (go) on by myself.8His work is to clean
24、(clean) the classroom every day.9To know everything is to know (know) nothing.维度二语法与写作用动词不定式形式补全下列句子。1It isnt right for us to stop half way我们半途而废是不对的。2To do morning exercises is useful for our health.做早操有利于我们的健康。3Its important for us to learn English well对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。4My idea is to climb the mount
25、ain from the north我的想法是从北面爬山。5What I would suggest is to put off the meeting我的建议是推迟会议。6To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残忍。维度三语法与语篇阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。If I ask 100 people what the idiom “Blood is thicker than water” means, most will say that it is 1.to mean (mean) t
26、he most important family relationships.“Water” here seemingly represents the connection you have with people whom you do not share blood ties with.And those links simply are not as strong.Here, the word “thick” is 2.to have (have)a very close relationship with someone.If you are thick with your best
27、 friend, you trust him.You could even say you guys are “tight”When using this way, “thick” gives us a few other idioms.If two friends are as thick as thieves, they are very close and trust each other a lot.When you steal from others and get caught, you will probably go to jail.So, it is important 3.
28、to trust (trust) the people you steal with.The bond between thieves goes beyond a normal friendship.But for us nonthieving people, 4.it is also vital to be there for our friends.If you are a supportive friend, you see your friends through good times and bad.Another way to say this is 5.to see (see) them through thick and thin.So, the idiom “Blood is thicker than water.” means family ties are the strongest.That makes sense, right?
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