1、1occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于occupied adj.使用中；有人使用(或居住)2evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价evaluation n评价exposure n面临，遭受；揭露；报道；曝光；接触Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media.报道I used a long exposure for this one.曝光Its like staying in a fish market and getting used to the stink；long exposure to a bad env
2、ironment accustoms one to evil ways.接触Words and Phrasesabsence n缺乏，不存在；缺席(教材P16)Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we dont float around.由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们不得不把我们自己拴起来，这样我们就不会四处漂浮。例The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。知识拓展(
3、1)in/during sbs absence in/during the absence of sb.在某人不在期间in the absence of . 缺乏；不存在absence from 缺席，离开，不在某处absence of mind 心不在焉(2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；缺乏的；心不在焉的be absent from 缺席；不在即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Its the managers job to organize covers for staff who are absent(absence)His absence of mind while drivin
4、g(他驾驶的时候走神) nearly caused an accident.bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦，困难(教材P16).but the unusual beds dont bother us any more.但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。例I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。知识拓展bother sb.with sth. 因某事让某人担心/烦心not bother to do/doing sth.不用费心去
5、做某事It bothers sb.that. 让某人担心/苦恼的是即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I dont know why he bothers me with this kind of rubbish.Years before，I even did not bother to apply for(甚至不愿去申请) Employment Insurance Benefit when I was unemployed.It really bothers me that(使我很苦恼) they havent replied to our letters.occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占
6、领，侵占；使忙于(教材P16)The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding.占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。例The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.床似乎占去了大半个屋子。知识拓展(1)be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事occupy sb.oneself (in doing sth./with sb./sth.) 忙于；专心于be deep
7、ly occupied in thinking陷入深思be fully occupied 忙得不可开交(2)occupation n. 占领；侵占；职业即学即练单句语法填空Haas occupied himself in writing(write) his research paper.She occupied herself with a translation of a French novel.Please state your name，age and occupation(occupy) below.circumstance n条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况(教材P17)In
8、the circumstances，its time for a spacewalk.在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。例The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。知识拓展in the circumstancesunder the circumstances在这种情况下in/under no circumstancesin no case 绝不(置于句首句子用部分倒装)即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Under no circumst
9、ances(circumstance) can we agree to such a principle.In the circumstances(在这种情况下)，the information about competition plays an important role in sports.exposure n面临，遭受；揭露；报道(教材P17)First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.首
10、先，我们穿上宇航服，它使我们能够在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。例Continuous exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful to the hearing.持续暴露在强度高于80分贝的噪声中可能对听觉有害。知识拓展(1)expose v暴露，使曝光be exposed to 使暴露在expose sb./sth.to. 使暴露在expose sth. 揭露某事(2)overexpose v. 使(胶片等)曝光过度；对报道过频即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Keep indoors and dont expose yo
11、ur skin to the sun.He exposed the plan(透露了这个计划)to the newspapers.The photograph is too light：it must have been overexposed(曝光过度)in view of 鉴于，考虑到(教材P17)In view of the lowgravity environment，eating is also different in space.鉴于失重状态的环境，饮食在空间站上也有所不同。例In view of the present situation，well have to revise
12、 our original plan.基于目前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。知识拓展(1)in ones view在某人看来on view 陈列中；展览中(2)in view 在视线中；在视野中out of view 不在视野中come into view 映入眼帘即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The pieces on view are not grouped around any one theme.She waved until the train was out of view(直到火车从视野中消失)In my view(在我看来) public participation is
13、 one of the few options.vital adj.必不可少的，对极重要的；维持生命所必需的(教材P17)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts health.花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。例Reading is of vital importance in language learning.阅读在语言学习中至关重要。知识拓展be vital to/for.对是至关重要的It is vital to do. 做很重要It is/was vital that. 是十分重要
14、的 从句中要用虚拟语气“(should)do”即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子His function is vital to/for the accomplishment of the agencys mission.It is vital that we(should) act to stop the destruction of the rainforests(我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林)Sentence Patternswith复合结构(教材P16)With so much going on，the space station needs a lot of maintenance，so
15、 we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。句式分析：本句中的with so much going on是“withn.现在分词”结构，在句中作原因状语。例1He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.全班同学看着他，他感到更不自在了。例2Id like to see the new film with time permitting.如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。知识
16、拓展with复合结构中除了可以跟介词短语外，还有以下结构：(1)with宾语形容词(2)with宾语副词(3)with宾语介词短语(4)with宾语过去分词(5)with宾语动词不定式即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He fell asleep with the lamp burning(burn)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock)I cant go out with all these clothes to wash(wash)Dont speak with your mouth full(你满嘴巴食物)as引导让步状语
17、从句(教材P17)Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as excited as you might think.虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。句式分析：本句是一个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，句子必须用倒装形式。例1Hard as he works，he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。例2Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道
18、该做什么。知识拓展另外although，though可以引导让步状语从句；although不用倒装；though可以倒装也可以不倒装。即学即练句型转换Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early.Heavily as/though it was raining outside，they started out very early.Although atoms are small，they are made up of still smaller units.Small as/though atoms a
19、re，they are made up of still smaller units.thats why.“这就是的原因”(教材P17)Thats why every spacewalk is carefully planned.这就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。句式分析：本句thats why.表示“这就是的原因”，why引导表语从句，why后面跟结果。例1That is why there are many versions of the same story.这就是为什么同一个故事有很多版本。例2That is why the cultural industry in China
20、is needed.这就是中国需要文化产业的原因。知识拓展Thats because.这是因为(because后面跟原因)The reason why.is that. 的原因是即学即练句型转换He missed the bus，thats why he was late for school.He was late for school，thats because he missed the bus.The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus.The most challenging work takes p
21、lace when we need to perform tasks outside the space station，such as testing new equipment，monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.分析本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句，testing，monitoring，repairing是并列的宾语。译文最具挑战性的工作发生在我们需要在空间站外执行任务时，例如测试新设备、监测科学实验或维修空间站。教材高考1.but the unusual beds dont both
22、er us any more.(2020江苏卷)The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.2.The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding.(2020天津卷)It encourages us to occupy our own little corner，to avoid foolish leaps into the dark，to be sati
23、sfied.3.Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body，we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.(2020北京卷)Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves.单句语法填空1We did not receive any news during his long abse
24、nce(absent)2All this has happened because you couldnt be bothered to give(give) me the message.3Hes fully occupied in looking(look) after three small children.4After routine evaluation(evaluate) he was appointed as a full professor.5Exposure(expose) to lead is known to damage the brains of young chi
25、ldren.6Residents were warned not to be extravagant with water，in view of the low rainfall this year.7Food production and distribution are vital to society.8I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being(be) ill.9The reason why the injection needs to be repeated every year is that the virus cha
26、nges.10Hard as he works；he cant support his family.短语填空take place；come to an end；in view of；cast new light on；more than；in the circumstances1It is said that recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.2In view of the weather，the event will now be held indoors.3China Daily is more
27、 than a newspaper.It can help us learn English.4In the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.5At last the meeting came to an end6We may never discover what took place that night.课文语法填空Due to the near 1.absence(absent) of gravity，we have to attach ourselves.We usually slee
28、p in private quarters，or in sleeping bag，2.attached(attach) to the walls or the ceiling.The routine tasks are demanding but extremely 3.rewarding(reward)We conduct scientific research.The experiment I have been working on is to locate and track lightning over large regions of the Earth.Hopefully，4.i
29、t will cast new light on the Earths climate and lead to better lightning 5.protection(protect)Its time 6.for a spacewalk to test new equipment，monitor scientific experiments or repair the space station，which is the most 7.challenging(challenge) work.The spacesuits allow us to breathe and protect us
30、from 8.exposure(expose) to the cold and radiation.Eating is different.We must eat dried or freezedried food.Salt and pepper are only in liquid form to avoid floating away and blocking the air pipes.We must ensure a 9.balanced(balance) supply of nutrients by taking pills.To keep healthy，we discipline to do at least two hours of exercise every day，using specially designed equipment.Sit back with 10.the rest of the crew，and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends.9
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