1、Section Using language Grammarit作形式主语一、语法图解二、语法突破1概念it作为形式主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。2用法it作为形式主语主要分为几种情况：(1)It is/was形容词(for sb.)动词不定式强调动作特征的形容词(如easy，difficult，hard，important，possible，wise等)常用于此句型。为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb.。It is necessary for us to master some basic living sk
2、ills.我们有必要掌握一些基本的生活技能。(2)It is/was形容词(of sb.)动词不定式表示心理品质或性格特征的形容词常用于此类句型，如kind，nice，stupid，clever，foolish，polite，impolite，silly，selfish，considerate等，动作的逻辑主语和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构，因此这样的句式也可转化为“sb.be形容词动词不定式”。It is foolish of you to trust a person like him.You are foolish to trust a person like him.你相信像他这样的人
3、是愚蠢的。(3)It is/was名词(短语)动词不定式It is our duty to help the weak and the poor.扶弱济贫是我们的责任。(4)It is/was名词/形容词动词ing形式常用的名词和形容词：no good，no use，a waste of time，useless。It is no use arguing about the matter with him.和他争论这件事是没有用的。(5)It is/was形容词主语从句It is uncertain whether the project will be completed this fall
4、.这个项目能否在今年秋天完成还不确定。(6)It is/was名词(短语)主语从句常用的名词：a fact，a pity，a shame，a surprise等。It is no surprise that he has been accepted by the company.他被这家公司录用了，这并不奇怪。(7)It is/was过去分词主语从句用于此类句型的过去分词有said，reported，thought，announced，believed，suggested，decided，hoped等。 It is believed that the boy will soon recover
5、 from the operation.人们相信这个男孩手术后不久就会康复。(8)Itseems/appears/happens主语从句It appears that people are more dependent on the Internet.人们似乎更依赖互联网了。(9)It及物动词宾语动词不定式It took the workers three years to complete the project.工人们花了三年时间完成这项工程。3形式主语it与强调句中it的差别形式主语itit是句子的形式主语，真正的主语是句尾that引导的主语从句，去除句中的it和that则句子失去完整性
6、。强调句中it强调句结构为“It is/was被强调成分that句子其余成分”，结构词it is/was和that都无实际意义，删掉it is/was及that后句子仍然意义完整。It is strange that he should say I am unfair.(it作形式主语)真奇怪，他竟然说我不公平。It was in the park that they fell in love with each other at the first sight.(强调句中it)他们是在这个公园里一见钟情的。1harmonious adj.和睦的，融洽的；协调的；悦耳的(教材P42)Rathe
7、r, its about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits.相反，这是国家和人民共同努力，共同创造一个更加和谐和相互理解的世界，使我们都能享受到互利。harmony n相处融洽，和谐in harmony with 与协调一致out of harmony with 与不协调一致(经典佳句)If everyone can
8、 reach out a helping hand to others, the world around us will be more and more harmonious.如果每个人都能伸出援助之手，那我们的世界将会变得越来越和谐。练透单句语法填空We are trying to form a harmonious (harmony) society.Only when people live in harmony with each other can we have a stable society.When children grow up, their ideas may so
9、metimes be out of harmony with their parents thoughts.写美完成句子Although there are wars, I believe its possible for all countries to live in harmony with each other in the future.虽然有战争，但我相信未来所有国家和睦相处是可能的。2rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的(教材P42)It was rewarding to see how our work helped bring people together fro
10、m different cultures.看到我们的工作如何帮助不同文化的人们走到一起，这是值得的。(1)reward n奖励；回报；报酬v. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬in reward for . 为了酬谢或报答as a reward for 作为对的奖励/报酬，为了表彰(2)reward sb.for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事报答/奖赏某人reward sb.with . 用报答/回报某人(经典佳句)Life for the successful doctor can be emotionally and financially rewarding.对于事业有成的医生来说，生活
11、在精神和物质两方面都能令人满足。练透单句语法填空One of the advantages of teaching is that its so rewarding (reward) to work with children.In reward for his timely help, I decided to treat him to a seafood dinner.The government rewarded him for saving the old man in the river.He rewarded the boy with 10 for bringing back hi
12、s lost dog.写美完成句子As a reward for his bravery, a gold medal was given to the soldier.为了表彰他的勇敢，这个士兵被授予一块金牌。维度一基础题型练1Its necessary for us to use (use) a shortwave radio to pick up the programmes.2It was foolish of him to give up the job.3It is no good buying (buy) a car if you cant drive.4It was a pity
13、 that the engineer couldnt come on time.5It is common knowledge that the earth goes around the sun.6It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.7It was considerate of him to send me a birthday gift.8Its no good taking (take) over the experience of foreign countries uncri
14、tically.9It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.10It seemed that they were quite interested in the given topic.维度二语法与写作1It is everyones duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。2It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。3It is a waste of time watching T
15、V.看电视浪费时间。 4It is strange that no one wants to go there.奇怪的是没有人想要去那里。5It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.据报道，在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。维度三以语段形式练习语法I have studied English for six years.It was difficult for me 1.to remember (remember) new words at first.I tried every
16、 means, but it was no use 2.reciting (recite) them over and over again.3.It was very kind of you to offer me some suggestions.It is necessary 4.to understand (understand) its meaning in sentences.It is no wonder 5.that your English is good.It 6.is requested (request) that everyone should master proper methods of learning.7.It was a shame I hadnt asked you for help earlier.I will try my best to improve my English.It is hoped 8.that I will pass the TOEFL and have a chance to study abroad.Thanks for your help.I would be grateful if you could give me a reply soon.5
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