1、目 录 Contents A.题型全突破B.考情全揭秘考点1考点2考点3考点4题型全突破继续学习高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题题型全突破1A.题型概述英语阅读中,有时作者并未把写作意图直接表达出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意,这就是推理判断题。推理判断题在阅读测试中属于难题,要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括细节推断、预测推断、对文章来源或读者对象的推断、写作意图推断以及态度倾向推断等。高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型
2、全突破2B.选项特点1.正确选项的特点(1)在文章中可以找到信息支持,并且可以推断出正确选项。(2)大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。2.干扰项的特点(1)颠倒是非:选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。(2)照搬原文:原文里有相关的直接信息,不需要经过推断。(3)推理过度:把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。(4)无中生有:捏造原文中并不存在的信息,并以此作为依据进行推断。高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破3C.做推理判断题时应注意的问题1.把握全文是推断的前提。把握全文内容,在彻底理解文章的基础上,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示或线索,这是推理判断的前提和基础。2.不以偏概全,不断章取义,不
3、就事论事。对于所阅读的表面信息进行加工处理,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般。通过分析、综合和判断进行深层处理,然后进行符合逻辑的推理。3.切忌用自己的观点来代替作者的观点。要忠于原文,以文章提供的线索和事实为依据,立足已知,推知未知,立足现在,推知未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测。高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破4方法1 细节推断题的做题方法1.细节推断题的常见设问形式It can be inferred from the passage/text that .The author(strongly/mainly)suggests that .It can be c
4、oncluded from the passage that .The writer implies but not directly states that .The writer/author indicates/implies that .Which of the following statements does the passage support?What does the author imply about newspapers?2.做题方法细节推断题要求考生根据短文内容推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。考生一般可根据短文提供的信息进行推理判断。考生只有
5、正确把握文章的内在联系,理解文章的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。考点一高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破5典例1 2016丙卷(全国),D Bad news sells.If it bleeds,it leads.No news is good news,and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in
6、different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger,a scholar at the University of Pennsylvan
7、ia.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破6Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication e-mails,Web posts and reviews,f
8、ace-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility,Dr.Berger looked at
9、 how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science ar
10、ticles.He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破7Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles that left them merely s
11、ad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other,and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article,the more likely it was to be shared,as Dr.Berger explains in his new book,Contagious:Why Things Catch On.返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题题型全突破813.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer
12、?A.Theyre socially inactive.B.Theyre good at telling stories.C.Theyre inconsiderate of others.D.Theyre careful with their words.解析 细节推断题。根据第二段可知,大众传媒想要吸引你的眼球而不关心你的内心感受,但是当你和朋友分享故事时,你对他们的反应要关心得多,你不希望他们把你看作Debbie Downer。由此可以推断,Debbie Downer和大众传媒是一样的,不会去关心他人的感受,故选C项,inconsiderate意为不为别人着想的,不体谅他人的。答案 C高考
13、帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破9方法2 预测推断题的做题方法1.预测推断题的常见设问形式What do you think will happen when/if?At the end of this passage,the writer might continue to write .The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about .Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the followin
14、g paragraph?2.做题方法有些内容文章中没有明确说明,这就要求考生根据语篇内容,对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路,从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。考点二高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破10典例2 2012新课标全国,C 1About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene.Although our act would la
15、st only for a short time,we could see quite a number of interesting things.2We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene,setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.Very soon,bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position.The director sh
16、outed something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby.Since it was hot in the studio,it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him,and soon
17、the trees were covered in snow.Two more fans were turned on,and a strong wind blew through the trees.The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破113The next scene was a complete contrast(对比).The way it was filmed was quite unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the P
18、acific were shown on a glass screen.An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island.By a simple trick like this,palm trees,sandy beaches,and blue,clear skies had been brought into the studio!4Since it was our turn next,we were left
19、 wondering what scene would be prepared for us.For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being filmstars!66.What would happen in the three minutes mentioned in the last paragraph?A.A new scene would be filmed.B.More stars would act in the film.C.The author woul
20、d leave the studio.D.The next scene would be prepared.返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题题型全突破12解析 推理判断题。根据题干What would happenin the last paragraph?可知此题是要求推测接下来可能发生的事情。根据文章第二段提到的拍摄寒冬的场景,第三段提到的拍摄沙滩的场景,以及最后一段中的we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us可知,作者等人不知道接下来为他们准备的是什么场景,但是在他们的一生中将会有足足三分钟的时间体验作为电
21、影明星的激动心情。因此,可以推断此处是指要拍摄新的场景,故选A。答案 A高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破13方法3 文章来源或读者对象推断题的做题方法1.文章来源或读者对象推断题的常见设问形式This passage would most likely be found in .In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be found?The passage is probably taken out of .Where does this text probably come
22、from?Where is the passage most likely from?2.做题方法文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解,这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。考点三高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破14典例3 2013新课标全国,B The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert(警觉).Twenty centimeters fr
23、om her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视)starts to lose its focus until a third,wit
24、h three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three,just 24 hours after coming into the world?高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破15Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer?The same experim
25、ent,but with three spots shown before two,shows the same return of interest when the number or spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness?When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate fro
26、m changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three?No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly
27、shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地)when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题题型全突破1663.Where does this text probably come from?A.Science fiction.B.Childrens literature.C.An advert
28、isement.D.A science report.解析 推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的实验以及实验的经过、结果等,因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。答案 D高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破17方法4 写作意图推断题的做题方法1.写作意图推断题的常见设问形式What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?The purpose of the text is to get more people to .The writer of the story wants to tell us that .The fact
29、is mentioned by the author to show .The writer talks aboutin order to .The author writes the last paragraph in order to .考点四高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破182.做题方法写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说,我们可以
30、通过分析文章的文体特点,理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破19典例4 2014天津,D People arent walking any more if they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel.The journey is a matter of 281 steps.But I used the car.An
31、d I wasnt in any hurry,either.I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness:motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的),for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs.At that time,we regarded 25 miles as a good days walk and the ability to
32、 cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.And the effect was lasting.When I was 45 years old I raced and beat a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破20Such enterprises today
33、 are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart.But a well-known British physician,Sir Adolphe Abrahams,pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise.A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly.And walking is an ide
34、al form of exercise the most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot.The man walking can learn the trees,flowers,insects,birds and animals,the significance of seasons,the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world.He cannot l
35、earn in a car.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破21The car is a convenient means of transport,but we have made it our way of life.Many people dont dare to approach Nature any more;to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat.To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road.And much of
36、 their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the minds best light.And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题题型全突破2255.What is the authors intention of writing this passage?A.To tell p
37、eople to reflect more on life.B.To recommend people to give up driving.C.To advise people to do outdoor activities.D.To encourage people to return to walking.解析 推理判断题。作者在文中论述了汽车在带给人们便利的同时,减少了人们接近大自然的机会,也减少了锻炼的机会,这样对身体有害,同时作者强调了步行的益处,故作者的目的是鼓励人们减少用车,选择步行。答案 D高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破23方法5 态度倾向推断题和评述性推
38、断题的做题方法1.态度倾向推断和评述性推断题的常见设问形式The attitude of the author towards something is .The writer of the passage seems to think that .What is the authors opinion on cramming?Whats the writers attitude towards?What do we know aboutin the passage?What does the author think about the present generation?考点五高考帮英语
39、阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破242.做题方法态度倾向推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人/事物所持的观点或态度,它要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别。评述性推断题要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价,此时要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。要正确把握文章字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点。另外,要特别留意那些描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。典例5 2013北京,CDoes Fame Drive You Crazy?高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习题型全突破251Although being famous m
40、ight sound like a dream come true,todays stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the worlds attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids(小报)publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine
41、not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!2345返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题题型全突破266Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.66.
42、What is the authors attitude toward modern celebrity?A.Sincere.B.Sceptical.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.解析 态度推断题。结合第一段中的todays stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine以及最后一段后两句中的内容可知,作者对现代名人满怀同情。答案 D考情全揭秘高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习考情全揭秘1推理判断题在高考阅读理解中考查的频率最高,因为这类题型涉及的文章内容可能是一句
43、话或几句话,也可能是一个或两三个段落,甚至是整篇文章,所以这种题型的难度比较大,也是考生容易失分的一种题型。其设问特点为:1.考查暗含的信息,文章中没有明说。2.在原文中一定可以找到暗示。3.设问含义深刻,不像细节题那么直白。4.正确选项既符合逻辑又与全文主旨一致。Passage 12016乙卷(全国),A体裁:说明文 话题:四名著名女性 词数:278 难度:建议时间:5分钟 高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习考情全揭秘2You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of
44、the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating she
45、lters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习考情全揭秘3If it werent for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spri
46、ng raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a
47、 woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,in 1981,the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习考情全揭秘4Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would
48、 not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,said Parks.24题是考查考生的推理判断的能力,属于上文讲到的细节推断题,需要考生根据
49、短文整体内容进行准确判断,而不是某一细节。难句突破主体结构:She became.并列表语:an Arizona state senator;the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court成分分析:不定式短语to join the U.S.Supreme Court作定语修饰the first woman句意:她成了一名亚利桑那州的参议员,并在1981年成为首位加入美国高等法院的女性。高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习考情全揭秘521.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social wo
50、rk.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.22.What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.23.Who mad
51、e a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor.D.Rosa Parks.24.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继
52、续学习考情全揭秘6【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了在过去的一百年里四名杰出的女性以及她们对社会所做出的贡献与影响。21.A 考查细节理解。根据Jane Addams(1860-1935)部分的Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education an
53、d services for people in need.可知,Jane Addams因她的社会福利工作而出名。故选A。22.C 考查细节理解。根据Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present)部分的“When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,shecould not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知,她不能在律师事务所工作的原因是女性会受到性别歧视。故选C。高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判
54、断题继续学习考情全揭秘723.D 考查细节理解。根据Rosa Parks(1913-2005)部分的It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.可知,她的举动最终推动了民权运动。故选D。24.C 考查推理判断。Jane Addams是社会福利工作的带头人;Rachel Carson是环境运动的发起者;Sandra Day OConnor是反对性别歧视的领头人;Rosa Parks是民权运动的推动者。由此可见,这四位女性都是先驱者,故选C。Passage 22016甲卷(全国),C体裁:说明文 话
55、题:创新图书分享活动 词数:246 难度:建议时间:5分钟 Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习考情全揭秘8Members go on the site and regist
56、er the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossingprovides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson,the managing director o
57、f BookCrossing,says,The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find
58、a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.高考帮英语阅读理解 推
59、理判断题继续学习考情全揭秘9BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the real and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.难句突破句式分析:句中现在分词短语hoping that.在句中作状语,且其中的that引导宾语从句,且从句中的现在分词短语traveling.在从句中充当状语,而who引导定语从
60、句,修饰each new reader。句意:然后,这个人把它放在一个公共场所,希望这本书会经历一次冒险,跟随发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。第29题和31题都属于推理判断题,但侧重不同,29题考查考生推断作者的写作意图的能力,31题属细节推断题。29.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage rea
61、ders to share their ideas.高考帮英语阅读理解 推理判断题继续学习考情全揭秘1030.What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.31.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his b
62、ookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.32.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading:A Virtual Tour B.Electronic Books:A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了BookC网站是如何帮助喜爱读书的人们互相交流和传递图书的。返回目录高考帮英
63、语阅读理解 推理判断题考情全揭秘1429.B 考查推理判断。根据第一段的Now,the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.可知,作者提到book groups是为了引出BookCrossing。故选B项。30.A 考查代词指代。根据第二段中的hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide.可知,此处的it指的是the book。故选A项。31.C 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的BookCrossing pro
64、vides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.可知,读完书之后,BookCrossers将会把它继续传递给其他的读者。故选C项。32.D 考查主旨大意。根据第一段的最后一句Now,the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.以及其余的内容可知,本篇文章主要介绍了BookC网站的功能及其创建的意义。故选D项。
