《原创作品》初高中英语衔接知识点.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家初高中英语衔接知识点专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclassesboxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：or

2、angeoranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。（6） 以f或f

3、e结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztd3F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdgv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchild

4、ren，mousemice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个

5、名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有： 科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls 专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下

6、两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of oran

7、ge a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s，例如：a students

8、 room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the co

9、lor of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【演练】1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the

10、 Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. o

11、nce4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potat

12、o D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth

13、B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if th

14、ere is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D.

15、 406 Room【练习答案】1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 专题二：形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, ever

16、ything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich s

17、hould help the poor.2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often

18、comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went ups

19、tairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例

20、如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：He

21、r pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She s

22、peaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I

23、met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either这

24、两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My bro

25、ther likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here.

26、 在这儿太危险。 (3)“The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.”表示“越. 就越.”。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) “形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”, 表示 “ 越来越.”。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词，表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人

27、和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【演练】1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. mo

28、re B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a f

29、ew B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sport

30、s meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry13. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certa

31、inly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive15. If you wan

32、t to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes18. -One more sate

33、llite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The

34、 less; the less20. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something【练习答案】1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B专题三：动词考点集汇，讲解和训练1.动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完

35、成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。（1）一般现在时的基本用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要

36、用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much.5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell

37、Xiao Li about it if you meet him. （2）一般过去时的用法： 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2) “used

38、to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如： This river used to be clean.（3）一般将来时的用法1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the doo

39、r? 4）be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 5）be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6）be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。 They are about to leave. （4）现在进行时的用法 1）现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作

40、， 它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2）现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。 The students are preparing for the examination. 3）某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。 They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词，尤

41、其是静态动词，如：be, have表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。（5）现在完成时的用法 1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。 I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。 We have lived here since 1976.

42、They have waited for more than two hours. 【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（6）过去进行时的用法 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：I was watching TV when she came to

43、 see me. 【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）（7）过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。 We had already learne

44、d two thousand words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. （8）过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting.I told him that I would see him off at the station.2.动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发

45、出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。（1）被动语态1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词 2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to

46、”。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).4) 主动形式表示被动意义 如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The food

47、 tastes good.3.非谓语动词对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。（1）非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。（2）不定式作宾语补足语Father will not allow us to play on the street.（3）不定式作目的状语He ran s

48、o fast as to catch the first bus.（4）用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词这样的动词有感官动词如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役动词如：have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调“我见他正干活

49、”这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（5）用不带to不定式的情况使役动词如： let, have, make等和感官动词如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。（6）接动名词与不定式意义不同1) stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。2) forget to do忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing忘记做过某事。 (已做)3) remember to do 记得去做某事。 (未做) remember doing记得做过某

50、事。 (已做)4) try to do努力，企图做某事。 try doing 试验，试着做某事。5) go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 6) mean to do 打算、想mean doing意味着4. 容易混淆的常用动词的辨析(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。He said he would go there.Its time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.2)speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及

51、物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。Do you speak English?May I speak to Mr Pope, please?3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可宾语。What are you talking about?Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。She told us an interesting story yesterday.My teacher to

52、ld me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。They cant see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily of

53、ten go to see a film on Sunday?3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。The twins are watching TV now.He will go to watch a volleyball match.4） read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。Dont read in the sun.I like to read newspapers when I am free.(3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Meimei borrowed a

54、 book from the library just now.May I borrow your dictionary?2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio, please?3) keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4) bring, take

55、, carry 和get的用法。1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bring me the book, please.May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?2) take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.Mother took the little girl to the next room.3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表

56、明来去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?The box is heavy. Can you carry it?4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。Please go to my office to get some chalk.There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?(5) wear, put on和dress的区别1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。Tom always wears black shoes.He wears a

57、raincoat even when it is fine.She doesnt like to wear a red flowers in her hair.2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。Its cold. Youd better put on your coat.He put on his hat and went out of the room.3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb

58、. （给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.（穿着衣物）。She always dresses well.Get up and dress quickly.Mary is dressing her child.(6) take, spend 和use的用法。1) take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a while

59、 week to travel thought the forest.It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.2) spend指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.He didnt spend much time on his lessons.He spent much time (in) correcting students exercises.M

60、other spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.3) use表示使用工具、手段等。Do you know how to use the computer?Shall we use your car?(7)reach, get 和arrive的区别。1) reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。After the train had left, they reached the stationWe reached the top of the mountain at last.2) get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地

61、点的副词时，不用to，get to常用于口语中。When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.My sister was cooking when mother got home.3) arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.【演练】1. Listen! Some of the girls

62、 _ about Harry Potter. Lets join them. A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked2. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught3. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see4. Susa

63、ns parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive. A. must B. can C. mustnt D. cant5. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ ! Would you like some? A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels6. “ Mr. Zhu, youd better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor. A

64、. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat7. “Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife. A. do B. to do C. does D. did8. Sorry, I cant hear you clearly. Will you please _ your E-mail address? Ill write it down. A. review B. recite C. report D. r

65、epeat9. Dont _ your coat, Tom! Its easy to catch cold in spring. A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out10. You _ go and ask Meimei. She _ know the answer. A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may11. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _ 10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had

66、 left D. has been left12. I bought a new dictionary and it _ me 30 yuan. A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost13. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_ you _ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finishing D. Have; finished14. I have to go now. Please remember to _ the lights wh

67、en you leave. A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on15. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give16. Look! How heavy the rain is! Youd better _. A. dont go now B. stay here when it stops C. not leave until it stops D. not

68、 to leave at once17. You may go fishing if your work _. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done18. Cotton _ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels19. -Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? -John _. A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is20. -Linda had nothing for breakfas

69、t this morning, _? -No. She got up too late. A. had she B. hadnt she C. did she D. didnt she【练习答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.C专题四：数词、冠词考点集汇，讲解和训练一. 冠词的用法冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。1. 不定冠词的用法(1) a和a

70、n均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：John is a student.Mary is an English teacher.(2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:A steel worker makes steel.Pass me an apple, please.(3) 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(4) 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：Take the medicine three times a day.They go

71、to see their parents once a week.2. 定冠词用法 (1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如： The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如： Open the door, please. Jack is in the library. (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如： Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him

72、200 yuan. (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如： Shanghai is the biggest city in China. January is the first month of the year. (6) 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如： The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。

73、例如： the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。 (8) 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如： the Browns, the whites等。3. 不用冠词的情况 (1) 某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如： China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。 (2) 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时，不用冠词。例

74、如： That is my cap. I have some questions. Go down this street.(3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。They are workers.We are students.(4) 称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：I dont feel well today, Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5) 三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：I have lunch at home.He often plays football aft

75、er class.We have English and maths every day.(6) 在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。二. 数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。1. 基数词的用法(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如： Thirty of them are Party members.（主语） - How many would you like？

76、 - Three ，please（作宾语） The nine boys are from Tianjing.（定语） Six plus four is ten.（表语） We four will go with you.（同位语）(2) 表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, tho

77、usands of people became homeless.Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world. They arrived in twos and threes (3) 表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如： He is in his early thirties He died still in his forties This took place in the1930s(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如：We get up at six.The worke

78、rs begin work at eight.(5) 表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：ten past ten, a quarter past nine,half past twelve(6) 表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twenty to nine,five to eight,a quarter to ten(7) 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：seven fifteen,eleven thirty,nine twenty 2. 序数词的用法 （1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如： The first truck

79、 is carrying a foot baskets John lives on the fifteenth floor （2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如： Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？ When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eigh

80、th, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：1949年十月一日读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty2004年九月十日读作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：three fourths,one second,two fifths（6）序数词有时用缩写形式： first1st second2nd third3rd fourth4th tw

81、enty-second22nd【演练】 1. This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D./ 2. -Whats the matter with you? -I caught _ bad cold and had to stay in _. A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the 3. -Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I thin

82、k I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 4. _ sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 5. There is _ “h” in the word hour. A. a B. the C. an D./ 6. Did you enjoy your stay in Xian? Yes. I had _ wonderful time. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. _ sun is bigger than _ earth. A. A;

83、the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the 8. There is _ apple and some pears on the table. A. the B./ C. a D. an 9. David has _ cat. Its very nice. A. a B. an C. the D./ 10. Im reading _ novel. It is _ interesting story. A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an 11. It is said that SARS has killed more than _

84、 people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred 12. -How many workers are there in your factory? -There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 13. -Which is the smallest number of the four? -_. A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D.

85、Three-fourths 14. -What do you think of a war, Li Ming? -Ive no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq. A. three thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands 15. We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first

86、B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one 16. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is _. A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626 17. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _. A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922

87、 18. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24 19. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 20. Both of the two rulers are broke

88、n. I want to buy a _one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /【练习答案】1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.A11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B专题五：代词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。一、 人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，

89、宾格作宾语。如： I like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Whos is knocking at the door?-Its me.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.二、物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： Our teacher is comin

90、g to see us. This is her pencil-box.3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语） - Is this English-book yours? （作表语） - No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）三、指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间

91、或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in lear

92、ning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四、反身代词 英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。

93、 1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。 It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）You should ask the teach

94、er himself（作宾语同位语）五、 不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数

95、名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some.【注意】与some, any结合的词如something, somebod

96、y, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别1）用作形容词： 含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the

97、 glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, other

98、s, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1） other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连

99、用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others we

100、nt swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in t

101、he sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every与each的区别。eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用 2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物

102、 The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes play

103、ing. = All children like playing.5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语) All the water has been used up. (作主语) Thats all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) All the leaders are

104、 here. (作定语) 2）both作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。 Michael has two s

105、ons. Both are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.六、相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。

106、相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语） We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定语） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）七、 疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，

107、whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)八.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate

108、 people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?【演练】1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me

109、 C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They

110、think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? -_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C.

111、 you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term? -Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?

112、-Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, y

113、oull have to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? -Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -

114、No. _ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a f

115、ield trip with some friends of _. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to the zoo? -Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is _ classroom. Where is _? A. our; them B. us; the

116、y C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs【练习答案】1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C专题六：介词、连词考点集汇，讲解和训练1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语)The girl will

117、 be back in two hours. (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)2. 常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in t

118、he afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。2） since, after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back.3） in, afterin与将

119、来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.（2）表示地点的介词1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at

120、a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.2） over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.We flew above the clouds

121、. They put some flowers on the teachers desk.3） across, throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds.4) in front of, in th

122、e front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.3. 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear f

123、rom, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be s

124、orry for等。4. 连词的功能用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。5. 并列连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。(2)表选择关系的or, eitheror等。(3)表转折关系的but, while等。(4)表因果关系的for, so等。6. 从属连词从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, u

125、ntil, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than, asas等。(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。7. 常用连词的用法辨析（1） while, when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从

126、句，但用法有所不同。1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：As children get older, they become more and

127、 more interested in things around them.4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边一边”时，最常用as。例如：Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.She looked behind from time to time as she went5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：When he finished his work, he took a short rest.6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：When John arrived I was

128、 cooking lunch.（2）as, because, since , for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：I stayed at home because it rained.-Why arent you going?-Because I dont want to.2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As he wasnt ready, we left

129、without him.Since I have no money, I cant buy any food.3) for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling quite hungry.（3）if, whetherif和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.I dont know whether

130、(if) he likes that film.在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1) 引导主语从句时。例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2) 引导表语从句时。例如：The question is whether I can pass the exam.3) 在不定式前。例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.（4）sothat, such.that1) sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such.that中的such是个形容

131、词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.（5）eitheror, neithernor, not onl

132、ybut also这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Either you or he is wrong.Neither he nor his children like fish. Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.（6）although, but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Althou

133、gh he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（7）because, so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.【演练】 1. We t

134、raveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on 2. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with 3. She sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of 4. Jack has studied Chinese in this sc

135、hool _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by 5. -What is a writing brush, do you know? -Its _ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by 6. English is widely used _ travellers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by 7. _ the help of my teacher, I caught up with t

136、he other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On 8. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in 9. -Youd better not go out now. Its raining. -It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off 10. Japan lies _

137、 the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at 11. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008? -I dont think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some English. A. eitheror B. not only but also C. neithernor D. bothor 12. We didnt catch the train _ we left late. A. so B. b

138、ecause C. but D. though 13. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much. A. if B. so C. though D. as 14. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words _ I have tested him myself. A. after B. when C. if D. until 15. The book was so interesting that he had re

139、ad it for three hours _ he realized it. A. when B. until C. after D. before 16. -This dress was last years style. -I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since 17. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or 18. T

140、he mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top. A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto 19. -Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xian? -Of course. I remember everything _ it happened yesterday. A. as soon as B. even though C. rather than D. as if 20. _ you cant answer this question,

141、 we have to ask someone else for help. A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since【练习答案】 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.D专题七：英语句子的考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1. 陈述句： 陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。Tom has a new car. The flowe

142、r isnt beautiful. 2. 陈述句否定式的构成(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。 He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定） We can get there before dark.（肯定） We cant get thee before dark.（否定）(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加dont, doesnt或didnt。同时把该实义动词变为原形

143、。 He plays the violin well.（肯定） He doesnt play the violin well.（否定） She won the game.（肯定） She didnt win the game.（否定）(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要变为any。例如：There is some water in the cup. There is not any water in the cup.He has some books. He has not any books.(4) 除no

144、t以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如：There is something wrong with his bike. There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. I have never seen the film.二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。1. 肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情

145、绪时可以有主语或称呼语。 Be quiet. You be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。 Do come back at once! Do be careful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。 Open the window, please.（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。 Let Jack wait a minute. Lets go to school.（5）在祈使句中，Lets和 Let us是有区别的。Lets

146、包括说话者，而Let us不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。 Lets go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议） Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发出请求） 2. 否定祈使句通常以Dont或Never开头。其结构通常是：“Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分” 例如： Dont do that again! Never leave todays work for tomorrow! Dont be late next time!三. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法1. 一般疑问句： （

147、1）一般疑问句的肯定形式 一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。 Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim? （2）一般疑问句的否定结构 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-nt，则须将-nt与一般疑问句句首的be, have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。 Are you not a football fan? Arent you a football fan? Will she not

148、 like it? Wont she like it? 与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。 Arent you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗？Yes, I am.No, I am not.Wont she like it? Yes, she will. No, she wont. 2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no

149、回答，读时用降调。例如：Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?常用的特殊疑问句询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 回 答 职业，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或关系 who Who is that boy? He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 whatlike? What is she like?What does sh

150、e look like? She is beautiful. 目的 whatfor? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天气 howwhatlike? How is the weather today?What is the weather like today? Its fine. 颜色 what color？ What dolor is her skirt? Its red. 服装尺寸

151、what size What size does he wear? He wars 40. 几点钟 what time What time is it? Its 7:30. 星期几 what day What day is today? Its Tuesday. 几号，日期 what is the date? What is the date today? Its May 2. 年龄（多大） how old How old is he? He is 38. 持续多长时间（多久） how long How long have you been here? For five months. 长度（

152、多长） how long How long is the bridge? Its 500 metres. 距离（多远） how far How far is it from here to the zoo? Its 6 kilometres. 频度（多经常） how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 时间经过（多快） how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week. 数量（多少） how many（可数名词）how much（不可数名词） How many jackets do you ha

153、ve?How much coffee do you want? Three.Two cups. 价格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度（多高） how tall（人，树）how high（山，建筑物） How tall is she?How high is the tower? Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 metres. 3. 选择疑问句： 选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升

154、调，or后面的部分读降调。 选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。 Is your bag yellow or black? Its black. Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do. Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.4. 反意疑问句： 反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句

155、。 I am your teacher, arent I? He didnt study hard, did he?（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如： They hardly write to each other, do they? He has found nothing, has he? Few people knew the secret, did they? （3）当反意疑问句是“

156、否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”，答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”，而译成汉语时，则必须把yes译“不是”，把no译成“是的”。 -You wont be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久，是吗？ -Yes, I will.不，我会离开很久。 -No, I wont.是的，我不会离开很久。 -I dont think shell come by bike, will she? 我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？ -Yes, she will.不，她会骑自行车

157、来。 -No, she wont.是的，她不会骑自行车来。四. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。1. what引导的感叹句：（1）what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）What a beautiful city it is!What an interesting story she told! （2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）What expen

158、sive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2How引导的感叹句：（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）How cold it is! How hard he works! （2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）How he loves his son!How I miss you!（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）How tall a tree it is!（4）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is!What

159、 a cold day it is!How cold it is!【演练】 1. -Excuse me, _ is the nearest bookshop? -Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who 2. -_ is it from our school to the Bell Tower? -About half an hours bus ride. Shall we go and visit it? A. How long B. How often C. H

160、ow far D. How much 3. -Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _? -No. She got up too late. A. had she B. hadnt she C. did she D. didnt she 4. -The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? -Of course. A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall 5. -_, sir? -Size 41, I think A. What size do you need B. What can I

161、do for you C. How do you like this shirt D. Whats the matter with you 6. -_ good weather! Why not go out for a walk? A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 7. -Its a nice car. _ have you been in it? -Just to Shanghai. A. How much B. How long C. How soon D. How far 8. -_ to the United States? -No, never,

162、but I went to Canada a few years ago. A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go 9. -_ were you away from school last year? -About two weeks. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. When 10. -_ do you want? -I want a CD of popular songs. A. Which CD B. How many CDs C. What CD D.

163、How much 11. _ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor? A. What B. Which C. Who D. whose 12. -_ is your mother today, Jim? -She is much better. A. How B. What C. Where D. How old 13. -_he _ at this school last term? -Yes, I think so. A. Didstudy B. Doesstudy C. Wasstudy D. Didstudied 14. -_ did you be

164、gin to learn English? -Three years ago. A. When B. Why C. Where D. What 15. -_ do you write to your pen-friend? -Once a week. A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often 16. _ nice flowers! Where did you pick them? A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 17. The sick mans allowed to take a walk in the

165、 garden every day, _? A. is he B. isnt he C. has he D. hasnt he 18. _ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Wont C. Dont D. Doesnt 19. He found nothing in the room, _? A. doesnt he B. does he C. didnt he D. did he 20. You havent changed your mind, _? A. do you B. are you C.

166、have you D. did you【练习答案】1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.C专题八：宾语从句考点集汇，讲解和训练一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home

167、.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop

168、is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I ca

169、n get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。例如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it

170、was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.【演练】1.

171、 Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Ji

172、m doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his so

173、n come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A.

174、 how B. where C. when D. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you? -Yes.

175、 Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the

176、meeting be held 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. s

177、hould we do what14. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether16. -Could you tell

178、 me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you

179、doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted19. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature t

180、aken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road.A. how B. why C. that D. when【练习答案】1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A专题九：状语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形

181、容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake

182、, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees

183、it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引

184、导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont h

185、urry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)becaus

186、e表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat

187、, so that引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt

188、say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he co

189、uld almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to mis

190、s it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster

191、 than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.6. 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状

192、语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)7. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must

193、 go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.8. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.【演练】一. 单项填空1.

194、 _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim

195、, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is

196、coming6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ fr

197、ee tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while11. I hurr

198、ied _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order14. He

199、 took off his coat _ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very17. _ I felt v

200、ery tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment20. Write to me as soon as you _ t

201、o Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got【练习答案】 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B专题十：定语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my bir

202、thday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先

203、行词一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the yo

204、ung man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the bl

205、ack jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary

206、 is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Ill never forget th

207、e time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书

208、写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

209、 He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用which，不用th

210、at 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【演练】1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. whic

211、h2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place

212、_I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9.

213、He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is

214、the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way fr

215、om the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when【练习答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B专题十一：主谓一致的考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1. 语法一致的原则（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：He goes to school earl

216、y every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.（2）由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has c

217、ome. （3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help.（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nob

218、ody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.（5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy. （6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如： Is everybody ready? Some

219、body is using the phone. （7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Where are my shoes? I cant find them. Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如： Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair o

220、f socks is on the bed.2. 意义一致的原则（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.（2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：My family is big one.My family are watching TV.（3）不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动

221、词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone. （4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如： Who is your brother? Who are League members? （5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单

222、数。例如： It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（6）half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如： I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest

223、 were off sick. （7）由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. （8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dea

224、d is a famous person.3. 邻近一致的原则（1）由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.（2）在“There be” 句型中，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. （3）as well

225、as 和名词连用时，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。 （4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.【演练】1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were2. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? -I havent

226、 decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also3. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B4. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D.

227、 Each5. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep6. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue.A. are; are B. are; isC. is; is D. is; are7. -Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were8. The old man has two childr

228、en but _ of them lives with him.A. both B. none C. neither D. all9. Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time.A. be B. is C. are D. were10. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A. is B. was C. are D. were11. Most of the houses _ this year.A. has built B. have builtC. ha

229、s been built D. have been built12. I think maths _ very difficult to learn.A. is B. are C. has D. have13. A large number of students _ to work in Xingjiang.A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going14. The number of the students in the class _ small.A. are B. is C. have D. were15. There _ a lot of

230、 good news in todays newspaper.A. is B. are C. was D. were【练习答案】1. B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A专题十二：短语动词和句型的考点集汇，讲解和训练1. 短语动词的分类(1)动词介词常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Dont laugh at others.Tom asked his parents for a bike.(2)

231、动词副词常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：Youll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please dont forget to hand it in.(3)动词副词介词常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Go on and Ill catch up with you in five minutes.Afte

232、r a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4)动词名词介词常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5)动词形容词常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后

233、边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6)动词名词常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.2. 短语动词的辨析(1)be made in（在生产或制造），be made of(由组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to onesel

234、f(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come over（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；跟着来；赶快), come up with(找到；提出)(3)do ones best(尽最大努力), do well in(在干得好), do ones homework(做作业)，do some reading(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在.后面)，fall off(从掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒)(5)get down(下来；落下)，get on(上车)，get to(

235、到达)，get up(起床)，get back(回来；取回)，get off(下来)，get on well with(与相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相聚)(6)give up(放弃)，givea hand(给与帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船)

236、, go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿着一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（进行体育活动）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（过得愉快）, have a headache（头痛），have a try(尝试；努力)(9)look for(寻找)，look out(留神; 注意)，

237、look over(仔细检查)，look up(向上看；抬头看)，look after(照顾; 照看)，look at(看； 观看)，look like(看起来像)，look the same(看起来像)，(10)make friends(交朋友)，make phone calls(打电话)，make money(赚钱)，make the bed(整理床铺)，make a noise(吵闹)，make a face(做鬼脸)，make ones way to(往走去)，make room for(给腾出地方)，make a decision(做出决定)，make a mistake(犯错误)，

238、make up ones mind(下决心)(11)put on(上演；穿上；戴上)，put up(挂起；举起)，put down(把某物放来)，put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)(12)take off(脱掉衣服)，take photos(照相)，take time(花费时间)，take out(出)，take a seat(坐下)，take an active part in(积极参加)，take care of(照顾；照料；注意)，take exercise(做运动)，take ones place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，take turn(轮流)(13

239、)talk about(谈话；交谈)，talk with(和交谈)(14)turn on(打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn off(关上电灯，收机，煤气，自来水等)，turn down(关小；调低)，turnover(把.翻过来)(15)think of(认为；想起)，think about(考虑)3.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。 (1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如：My mother is a doctor.Her voice sounds nice.(2)主语+不及物动词。例如：He runs fast.We study hard.(3)主

240、语+及物动词+宾语。例如：Children often sing this song.He studies English.1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如：She enjoys reading novels and swimming.I finished reading the book last night.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse

241、等。例如：Where do wish to sit?Tom agreed to lend some money.3)有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember, forget等。例如：Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发了这封信。I remember posting the letter.我记得那封信寄过了。 Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子：He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。He stopped

242、smoking. 他停止吸烟了。4)有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：I like to swim in summer.I like swimming in summer.(4)主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a new bike.He gave me an apple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要

243、把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如：Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me. 2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如：Would you lend me your dictiona

244、ry, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?Toms mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Toms mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如：We keep our classroom clean and tidy.I hear someone singing in the next room.1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。

245、例如：We call him Jack.Dont get your hands dirty. 2)在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如：I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。)When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.(我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。)3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词le

246、t, make, have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：I saw him go into the room.He was seen to go into the room.【演练】1. Would you please drive faster? My flight is _. A. taking off B. getting off C. turning off D. putting off2. On October 15, 2003 China _ its first man-made spaceship, which made Yang Li

247、wei a hero to many kids. A. set out B. Set off C. sent up D. sent out3. -How is the play going? -We are going to _ the day after tomorrow. A. put on it B. put it off C. put it on D. put it off4. Mr Green is busy _ the newspaper while his wife is busy _ the housework. A. reading; with B. toread; with

248、 C. to read; doing D. with; to do5. We have to _ our things if we travel on a train or a bus. A. look at B. look up C.look like D. look after6. -If you _ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible. - Sure, I will. A. keep up with B. catch up with C. feed up with D. come up with7. -Zhou Jielun is

249、 so cool. Im his fan. -_. A. So do I B. So I do C. So am I D. So I am8. -Your new sweater looks beautiful. Is it _ pure wool? -Yes, and its _ Inner Mongolia. A. made by; made for B. made of; made by C. made of; made in D. Made by; made from9. Please _ the box carefully. It is filled with glasses A.

250、put down B. put on C. put off D. put together10. -_! Theres a car coming! -Oh. Thanks. A. Look over B. Look up C. Look on D. Look out11. -Look! The bus is coming. -But its full of people. We cant _ .A.get off B. get down C. get on with D. get on12. -Excuse me. Wheres the Science Museum? -Take No.3 b

251、us and _ at the fourth stop.A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to13. Its very cold today. Youd better put _ your coat when you go out.A. away B. down C. on D. up14. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another. She didnt want them to _ in the parkA. get wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get

252、 ready15. The flowers start to _ in spring.A. come in B. come out C. come from D. come to16. Lucy, could you please help me _ the map on the blackboard?A. put into B. put up C. put out D. put on17. “Get a ladder, please. I cant _ .” Jim said in a tall tree.A. come back B. come out C. come down D. co

253、me over18. I have _ my parents, and now Im answering it.A. heard of B. heard from C. heard D. heard about19. I cant see the words clearly. Can I _ the light?A. turn on B. put off C. hold on D. take off20. As soon as the man walked into the warm room, he _ his heavy coat and sat down.A. took away B.

254、took down C. took off D. took up【练习答案】1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.D1 2.B 13.C14.C 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.C附：练习（一）完型专练阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。These days computer games have become more and more popular in many cities and towns. A lot of small shops along busy _1_ have

255、 changed into computer game houses to get more _2_. These places are always crowded with people. In the computer game houses, people_3_ a lot of money matching on the machines. Its _4_ for one to beat a computer, but one can do well after trying again and again. People want to _5_ when they play com

256、puter games. The more they _6_, the more they want to win, and at last they even cant _7_ without it. The result is that some people dont want to _8_ and they play in computer game houses for hours and hours. For school boys, things are _9_. They dont want to have _10_. When school is over, they rus

257、h to the computer game houses near their _11_. Some of them can get enough money from their _12_. Some of them are not _13_ enough to get the money. So they have to steal or rob others and become _14_. Computer game addiction(上瘾) is a _15_ problem in our life. Something has to be done to stop it. 1.

258、 A. streets B. schools C. towns D. cities2. A. boys B. money C. computers D. students3. A. take B. spend C. cost D. pay4. A. possible B. easy C. good D. hard 5. A. read B. learn C. win D. download 6. A. lose B. try C. waste D. watch 7. A. come B. live C. study D. eat8. A. watch TV B. go out C. stay

259、there D. work9. A. better B. exciting C. even worse D. interesting10. A. lessons B. games C. families D. sports11. A. classes B. rooms C. schools D. shops12. A. classmates B. teachers C. sisters D. parents 13. A. lucky B. unlucky C. careful D. polite 14. A. good B. bad C. rich D. poor15. A. importan

260、t B. wonderful C. unusual D. serious B Concordes Birthday CONCORDE, the worlds fastest traveler plane, will soon be over 33 years old. It first _1_ on 2 March, 1969 in France. Concorde was developed _2_ both France and Britain. From 1956 these two countries had a _3_ of a supersonic（超声速的）traveler pl

261、ane. In 1962 they started to _4_ together on the plan. The plane _5_ over 1.5 billion pounds to develop. It is the most tested plane in the history. It _6_over 5,000 hours of testing. Concorde flies at twice the speed of _7_. This means that it _8_ only 3 hours 25 minutes to fly between London and N

262、ew York, compare with 7-8 hours in other traveler planes. _9_ the five-hour time difference between the USA and Britain, it is _10_ to travel west on Concorde and arrive in New York before you leave London! You can catch the 10:30a.m. _11_ from London, Heathrow and start work in New York an hour _12

263、_! Concorde is much used by business people and film stars. Each Concorde is built _13_ a cost of 55 million pounds. Twenty have been built _14_. Air France and British Airway _15_ the most. They each have seven planes. 1. A. invented B. produced C. flew D. took off 2. A. for B. by C. from D. with3.

264、 A. talk B.fight C. meeting D. dream 4. A. work B. do C. carry D. finish 5. A. paid B. wanted C. needed D. cost 6. A. gave B. was giving C. was given D. had given 7. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. shout 8. A. spends B. takes C. costs D. travels 9. A. Because of B. Thanks to C. Give up D. Think of 10.

265、 A. possible B. impossible C. real D. unreal 11. A. plane B. passenger C. flight D. airline 12. A. later B. late C. earlier D. early13. A. with B. at C. for D. on14. A. so well B. so soon C. so expensive D. so far 15. A. build B.own C. sell D. make COne afternoon just before Christmas, an old man wa

266、s walking _1_ the city center. The shops were all full of good things and they _2_ with cheerful shoppers. Suddenly he saw a dirty boy sitting on the ground crying sadly. When the _3_ old man asked him why he _4_, the little boy told him that he had _5_ a ten penny piece that his uncle_6_ him. At on

267、ce the old man pulled out a handful of coins. He_7_ out a shining new ten penny piece and handed it to the child. “Thank you very much,” said the little boy, drying his _8_. He cheered up at once.An hour or so later, the old man was making his way _9_ home by the same road. To his _10_he saw the dir

268、ty little boy in the same place, crying sadly as 11_. He went up to the boy and asked him 12 he had lost the ten penny piece he had _13_given him as well. The boy told him that he had not lost the second coin 14 he still couldnt find the first one. “_15_ I could find my own piece,” he cried, “I woul

269、d have twenty pence now.”1. A. by B. between C. through D. over2. A .were crowded B. were crowding C. crowded D. had crowded3. A. angry B. sad C. happy D. kind 4. A. cried B. had cried C. was crying D. would cry5. A. spent B. left C. paid D. lost6. A. had taken B. had brought C. had given D. had bor

270、rowed7. A. picked B. made C. gave D. left8. A. mouth B. eyes C. feet D. ears9. A. on B. back C. to D. for10. A. surprise B. joy C. sadness D. excitement11. A. usually B. usual C. before D. well12. A. where B. when C. why D. if13. A. just B. just now C. right now D. now14. A. and B. but C. while D. a

271、s15. A. When B. Since C. If D. AsDThe world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means（通讯设备）. 1 today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago，but it has brought new 2 One of the biggest is pollutionTo pollute means to make things dirtyPollution co

272、mes in many waysWe see it， 3 it，drink it and even hear it Man has been polluting the earthThe 4 people，the more pollutionMany years ago，the pollution was not so serious 5 there were not so many peopleWhen the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place，man 6 to another placeBut this is no l

273、onger trueMan is now slowly polluting the whole world Air pollution is now the most seriousIts 7 for all living things in the world，but it is not the only one kind of pollutionWater pollution 8 our fish and pollutes our drinking waterNoise pollution makes usbecome 9more easily Many countries are mak

274、ing rules to fight pollution They 10 people from burning coal（煤）in houses and factories in the city，and from putting dirty 11 into the airPollution by SO2 is now the most 12 kind of air pollutionIt is caused by heavy trafficIt is true that if there are fewer people 13 ，there will be less air polluti

275、on The earth is our homeWe must take care of itThat means 14 the land，water and air cleanAnd we must take care of the 15 in pollution at the same time 1AFlight BSleeping CLife DMeeting 2Adifficulties Bbusiness Cjobs Dproblems 3Asmell Btouch Cdream Dwant 4Abetter Bmore Cfewer Dstranger 5Aif Bbecause

276、Cuntil Dwhen 6Aflew Bran Cmoved Darrived 7Abad Bsafe Chard Dpossible 8Ahelps Btreats Cfrightens Dkills 9Ahungry Bangry Cexcited Dsad 10Acontinue Bfinish Cstop Dstart 11Afire Blitter Cwind Dsmoke 12Adangerous Bimportant Cinteresting Dpopular 13Adriving Bplaying Cswimming Ddancing 14Aincreasing Bprodu

277、cing Ckeeping Dmaking 15Arise Binformation Cprice Dprogress 完形填空参考答案A篇 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.D B篇 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.BC篇 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.CD篇 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7

278、.A 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.B练习（二）阅读专练阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。AMr. Read was born in a small village with high mountains all around itHe has few fields and he cant get enough food for his familyHes often worried about itSo he works harder and harder and tries his best t

279、o get more money One afternoon，Mr. Read went out to look for some grass for his cowsIt was very hot and he had to have a swimSuddenly he saw a big tortoise in the waterHe swam there and caught itThe next morning he went to the town to sell it in the marketsWhen he was walking in the street, a car hi

280、t him down and he was hurtHe was sent to hospital at onceThe doctors looked him over and had an operation on himTwo weeks later he felt much betterThe doctors were satisfied with the operation and said，“Youll be fully recovered in a weekWere sure you can write when you leave hospital” “Its really a

281、miracle（奇迹）！”shouted Mr. Read，“I could neither read nor write before！” 1The Reads have little food because Athey live in a small village Bthey have few fields Ctheyre too lazy to work Dnobody would help them to getmoney 2Mr. Read jumped into the river because Ahe wanted to get some grass in the wate

282、r Bhe wanted to look for a tortoise in the water Che wanted to have a good rest in the water Dhe wanted to have a swim 3Mr. Reads was hurt in the traffic accident Ahead Bleg Cright hand Dleft hand 4In Chinese the phrase“be fully recovered”means A.完全覆盖 B全部找回 C恢复疲劳 D恢复健康5. What the doctor said meant t

283、hat _ .A. he did a very successful operation B. the farmer was lucky enough to write after the operationC. the accident helped the farmer to writeD. he taught the farmer to write while he was staying in hospitalBHappiness is for everyone. You dont need to care about those people who have beautiful h

284、ouses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your

285、 heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around yo

286、u will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice them, you can see that happiness is always around you. Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say

287、 you are very happy, because you have something else that cant be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is l

288、ike a revolving(旋转 ) door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person. 1. Happiness is for_. A. those who have large and beautiful houses B. those who have cars C. those who have a lot of money D. all people2. When you do something wrong, _.A

289、. you may correct it B. you will have no chance to challenge yourself C. anybody will laugh at you D. you will be happy3. Which is TRUE according to the passage?A. When you get success, your friends will be very proud of you. B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes. C. You can still b

290、e a happy person even if you have little money. D. All the above. 4. Why do we say “Happiness is not the same as money”? Because _. A. money always brings happiness B. money doesnt always bring happinessC. everything can be bought with money D. only rich people have happiness5. Which is the title of

291、 the passage? A. Do Something Good to Others B. Happy and Lucky C. Happiness D. Life and SuccessCOne night, a little before nine oclock, Dr Johnson was answering a telephone call. He was asked to go and give an operation to a very sick boy at once. The boy was in a small hospital in Glens Falls, six

292、ty miles away from Dr Johnsons city Albany. The boy had hurt himself in a traffic accident. His wife was in danger, but his family was so poor that they could not pay the doctor anything. After he heard all this, Dr Johnson was driving carefully. He thought that he could get to the hospital before 1

293、2 oclock. A few minutes later, the doctors car had to stop for a red light at a crossing. Suddenly a man in an old black coat opened the door of the car and got in.“Drive on”, he said. “Ive got a gun (枪).”“Im a doctor,” said Johnson, “Im on my way to a hospital to operate on a very sick”“Dont talk,”

294、 said the man in the old black coat, “Just drive.”A mile out of the town he ordered the doctor to stop the car and get out. Then the man drove on down the road. The doctor stood for a moment in the snow. After half an hour, Dr Johnson found a telephone and called a taxi. At the railway station he le

295、arned that the next train to Glens Falls would not leave until 12 oclock.It was after two oclock in the morning when the doctor arrived at the hospital in Glens Falls. Miss Clarke, a nurse, was waiting for him.“I did my best,” said Dr Johnson. Miss Clarke said, “The boy died an hour ago.”They walked

296、 into the waiting room. There sat the man in the old black coat, with his head in his hands.“Mr. Shute,” said Miss Clarke to the man, “this is Dr Johnson. He had come all the way from Albany to try to save your boy.”1. From the story we know it took Dr Johnson _ to get to the hospital.A. 12 hoursB.

297、7 hoursC. only 1 hourD. about 5 hours2. Dr Johnson was late because _.A. there was something wrong with his carB. a strange man made it hard to driveC. a strange man drove his car awayD. the train to Glens Falls was late3. From the story we know Dr Johnson _.A. was a good man, he didnt care for the

298、moneyB. hurt himself on the way to Glens FallsC. did the operation and boy was savedD. wouldnt do the operation until the boys family paid the money4. The man in a black coat _.A. hit the boy and ran awayB. took the boy to the hospitalC. was the boys fatherD. was the real doctor5. The man in black w

299、ould feel _ in the end.A. happy and pleased B. regretful(悔恨) and sadC. worried and angry D. tired and hungryD. The Singing DoctorNick Petrella is a doctor in Montreal. He works 60 hours a week. He has to take care of 159 patients a week in the hospital and at his office. Hes been a doctor for ten ye

300、ars. Dr. Petrella gives his patients good medical advice. But he doesnt just tell his patients what to do. He also sings to them on television! Dr. Petrella has his own TV show. The doctor starts the show with a song and then gives medical advice. He explains a medical problem or disease in simple l

301、anguage. After that, he sings another song. Dr. Petrella produces and performs in his own show every week. The program is very popular with his patients and with people who enjoy his singing. His dream is to perform（表演） in Las Vegas. His favorite songs are love songs, and he has a small disk of love

302、 songs that he wrote. Dr. Petrella says, “I always loved to sing. All my problems are gone when I sing.” But when Dr. Petrella was young, his father didnt want him to be a singer, so he went to medical school. Some people tell Dr. Petrella he can help people more as a doctor. But Dr. Petrella says h

303、e helps people when he sings, too. “I like to make people smile. Sometimes its difficult to make a sick person smile. Medicine and entertainment（娱乐） both try to do the same thing. They try to make people feel good.” 1. Dr. Petrella works 60 hours a week, because he _. A. gives his patients medical a

304、dvice B. takes care of 159 patients a week C. sings on television D. has his own TV show 2. Dr. Petrella _, so he is called a singing doctor. A. has been a doctor for ten years B. always loved to sing C. is popular with his patients D. also sings to his patients on TV 3. In his TV show, Dr. Petrella

305、 _. A. sings and gives medical advice B. sings about different diseasesC. starts to explain diseases with a song D. sings love songs he wrote 4. Dr. Petrellas show is popular _. A. in Las Vegas. B. at medical school C. with people who like his singing D. with patients in Montreal 5. Dr. Petrella say

306、s he likes to _. A. help people sing B. make people feel betterC. do the same thing D. make difficult people smileE. 66 Days at SeaA couple from Miami, Bill and Simone Bultler, spent sixty-six days in a life-raft（救生艇） in the seas of Central America after their boat sank. Twenty-one days after they l

307、eft Panama in their boat, Siboney, they met some whales. “They started to hit the side of the boat,” said Bill, “and then suddenly we heard water.” Two minutes later, the boat was sinking. They jumped into the life-raft and watched the boat go under the water. For twenty days they had tins of food,

308、biscuits, and bottles of water. They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water two things which saved their lives. They caught eight to ten fish a day and ate them raw（生的）. Then the line broke. “So we had no more fish until something very strange happened. Some sha

309、rks came to feed, and the fish under the raft were afraid and came to the surface. I caught them with my hands.” About twenty ships passed them, but no one saw them. After fifty days at sea their life-raft was beginning to break up. Then suddenly it was all over. A fishing boat saw them and picked t

310、hem up. They couldnt stand up. So the captain（船长） carried them onto his boat and took them to Costa Rica. Their two months at sea was over. 1. Bill and Simone were travelling _ when they met some whales. A. in a life-raft B. in MiamiC. in SiboneyD. in Panama 2. The whales hit the side of the boat, a

311、nd then _. A. they broke the side of the boatB. they brought in a lot of waterC. they pulled the boat D. they went under the water 3. After their boat sank , the couple _. A. jumped into the life-raftB. heard waterC. watched the boat go under waterD. stayed in the life-raft 4. During their days at s

312、ea, _ saved their lives. A. tins of food and bottles of waterB. a fishing-line and a machine C. whales and sharksD. twenty passing ships 5. When they saw the fishing boat which later picked them up, _. A. they were too excited to stand upB. they couldnt wait to climb onto the boatC. their life-raft

313、was beginning to break upD. they knew their two months at sea would be over FFrom a plane we can see the fields, cities, mountains or seas below. If we go into space, we see more and more of the earth. People and man-made satellites have been sent out into space to look at the earth carefully and pe

314、ople have learnt more about the earth in the last few years. The sea looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it. But it can be very terrible when there is a strong wind. The sea is very big. It nearly covers three quarters of the earth. The sea is also very deep in some places. There is one

315、place and at that place the sea is about 11 kilometers deep. The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain was put into the sea at that place, there would be still 2 kilometers of water above it! In most parts of the sea, there are many kinds of fishes and plants. So

316、me live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also a lot of small living things, and lots of fishes live by eating them. The sea can be very cold. When people go down, the sea becomes colder and colder. Only some men can go down into the deep sea. But, in 1970, five women scienti

317、sts (科学家) lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.1. This passage is_.A. a short story B. for science reading C. a piece of news D.a report2. The sea covers about _of the earth.A One third B. One fourth C. Two quarters D.Three fourths3. _are not mentioned (提及) in this passage.A. Islands B. Fishes C.

318、 Plants D. Living things4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The sea is usually beautiful when the sun is shining.B. The sea is always very terrible when the wind blows hard.C. The highest mountain is in the deepest place of the sea.D. The deeper the people go into the sea, the colder they will

319、feel.5. The last sentence “But, in 1970, five women scientists lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.” means that_.A. women wanted to live in the deep sea for a long timeB. women could go deeper into the sea than menC. women liked living in the deep sea better than menD. women could do the same work as men阅读理解参考答案A篇 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A B篇 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.CC篇 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.BD篇 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.BE篇 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.DF篇 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D- 91 - 版权所有高考资源网