1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家专题八并列句和状语从句考点精讲 并列句考点一常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型并列连词并列关系(递进关系)and，bothand，not onlybut also，neithernor等转折或对比关系but，yet，whereas，while等选择关系or，or else，eitheror，not but等因果关系for，so等Both Peter and Tom are from South Africa彼得和汤姆都来自南非。First，my English is very good and Im open-minded and warm-hearted，so I
2、m getting along well with everyone首先，我的英语很好，而且我性格外向、很热心，因此我和每个人都相处得很好。He tried hard to catch up with his classmates，but he failed他尽力赶上同学们，但是失败了。The children can go with us，or they can stay in孩子们可以跟我们去，也可以待在家。He must have been caught in the rain，for he is wet all over他肯定被雨淋了，因为他浑身都湿了。考点二并列连词构成的常用句型1a
3、nd构成的句型(1)祈使句and陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)。Work hard，and you will succeed( If you work hard，you will succeed)努力学习，你就会成功。(2)名词词组and陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more，another等词)。Another try，and youll make a success再试一次，你就会取得成功。2or (else)构成的句型 (1)祈使句or (else)陈述句。Seize the chance，or (else) youl
4、l regret抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。(2)名词词组or (else)陈述句。More healthy food，or (else) youll break down sooner or later多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。3when构成的句型when引起并列句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚要发生或刚刚完成时，突然发生另一动作。(1)sbbe doing sth when某人正在做某事，这时Last Monday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bic
5、ycle上周一，我正在街上散步，这时我突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。(2)sbbe about to do sth when某人正要做某事，这时We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain我们正打算动身，突然下起雨来了。(3)sb be on the point of doing sth when某人正要做某事，这时She was on the point of going to bed when someone knocked at the door她正要上床睡觉，突然有人敲门。(4)sbhad just done st
6、h when某人刚做完某事，这时I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang我刚刚扫完地，这时电话铃响了。状语从句考点一时间状语从句1when，while和as的用法连词含义及用法例句when“当时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生When you apply for a job，you must present your certificates当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。while“当时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时
7、发生Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal客人们就要吃完饭的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。as“随着”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生As he grew older，he became less active随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。2before，since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；还未就；还没有来得及就”。常用句式：It will be/was一段时间before要过/过了时间才；It wont be/ wasnt一段时间 before没过多久就We need to g
8、et to the root of the problem before we can solve it在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。(2)since意为“自以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been一段时间 since从句(常用过去时)。since 从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。3till/until的用法till/until用于肯定句表示“直到
9、为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not until/till表示“直到才”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until 可用于句首，而till 不能。If you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。She didnt start the lesson until the pupils settled down等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。4
10、表示“一就”的连词(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly等The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)在hardlywhen，no soonerthan结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。I had hardly got to the office when my wife p
11、honed me to go back home at once我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。考点二地点状语从句(where，wherever)where意为“在某个地方”，wherever意为“无论在哪里”。You can sit wherever you like你喜欢坐哪儿都可以。考点三原因状语从句(because，since，now that等)because意为“因为”，语气强烈，表示事情发生的直接原因。since意为“既然，由于”，语气较弱，表示说话双方都知道的原因。now that则用于已成事实的原因作为前提。Now that youve grown up you must
12、 learn to stand on your own two feet你既然已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。考点四结果状语从句(sothat，suchthat，so that) 1 He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。2He is such a learned person that we admire him very muchHe is so learned a person that we admire him very much他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。考点五
13、条件状语从句(if，unless，so/as long as, in case，on condition that) If you cheat in the exam youll never get away with it考试作弊必予追究。 特别提示：条件状语从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。考点六让步状语从句(though，although，while，as，even if/even though) although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，
14、若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。even if与even though引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。Young as he is，he does things in a very mature way尽管他年轻，但他做事的方式很成熟。While I admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved虽然我承认存在问题，但我不同意这些问题无法解决。考点七方式状
15、语从句(as，as if，as though)The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。考点八目的状语从句(so that，in order that，in case)When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。考点九 比较状语从句(asas，not as/soas，than， the moret
16、he more) You look younger than you are你看上去比你的实际年龄要年轻。特别提示： 注意两种特殊的表示比较的结构：the比较级，the比较级结构。The more you exercise，the healthier you will be你锻炼得越多就会越健康。A be to B what C be to D 结构。Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals发动机之于机器正如心脏之于动物。难点释疑 状语从句的省略1时间、让步、方式、地点状语从句的省略如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it
17、，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。While in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Summer Palace在北京时，我参观了颐和园。He often makes mistakes when speaking English说英语时他经常出错。The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though (she was) angry这位女老师默默地离开了教室，好像生气了。Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt虽然天气冷，但他仍然
18、穿一件衬衫。2条件状语从句的省略(1)在if it is possible，if it is necessary，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常省略。Come tomorrow if possible如果可能的话就明天来吧。Unless(it is)necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary如果没有必要，你最好不要查词典。(2)在虚拟条件句中连词if的省略。在虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有had/were/should，if可省略，把had/were/should提至句首引起倒装。Were I(If
19、I were)twenty now，I would join the army如果我现在二十岁，我就参军。Had you come(If you had come)yesterday，you would have met her如果你昨天来，你就见到她了。Should there be(If there should be)a flood，what should we do?万一发生洪水，我们该怎么办？解题策略 1牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件；2牢记固定句式结构，确定从属连词；3根据主从句的逻辑关系确定状语从句的连接词。 如果主从句是因果关系，则要考虑用because，as，s
20、ince等；如果主从句有时间先后之分，则要考虑用时间状语从句的连接词；如果从句为主句的条件，则要考虑用if；如果从句表示让步，则要考虑用although, though，while等。【典例1】It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination_but_in the journey itself 解析：根据句意可知，空处前后为选择关系，notbut结构表示“不是而是”，连接两个并列成分，符合句意。故填but。【典例2】 How long do you think it is _si
21、nce_ he arrived here?No more than half a year，I believe解析： “It is时间段since sbdid sth”意为“自从某人做某事到现在有多久了”，为固定句型。故填since。易错聚焦 一、在写作中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向：1机械排列简单句I believe I am fit for it Im writing to apply for the position如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子：I believe I am fit for it, so Im writing to
22、 apply for the position比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感，使句子之间显得更加紧凑。2逗号连接两个简单句Im enthusiastic and easy-going, Im easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others在该句中含有两个简单句，中间用逗号起了连接作用，显然这是不符合英语语法规则的。我们不妨做如下改动：Im enthusiastic and easy-going，so Im easy to get along with and can co
23、operate well with others二、对于状语从句，在实际运动中主要存在以下问题：1从句意识缺乏The Expo is very attractive We are all eager to pay a visit to itThe Expo is so attractive that we are all eager to pay a visit to it通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。2状语从句成分残缺(误)Please close the doors and windows before leave the classroom(正)Plea
24、se close the doors and windows before you leave the classroom由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。3连接词误用(误)Teachers and parents should respect us no matter we are in or outside school(正)Teachers and parents should respect us whether we are in or outside school这两句尽管从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度no matter一般后跟特殊疑问词，而whether可直
25、接引导状语从句。(误)Though he is considered a great writer，but his works are not widely read(正)Though he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read在让步状语从句中，though和although不能与but连用。达标检测 单句语法填空1(2020新高考卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big _or_ until they died, and then it
26、was given to a museum 解析：考查并列连词。句意：他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or“或者”。故填or。2(2020新课标卷)_When/As_ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river 解析：考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找
27、到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。3(2019全国卷) I work not because I have to, _but_ because I want to解析：考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是而是”之意。故填but。4(四川)It was time for her to have a new baby, _an
28、d_ it was also time for the young panda to be independent解析：句意：是时候再生一个孩子了，熊猫宝宝也到独立的时候了。It was time for和it was also time for之间是并列关系，故用and连接。5(新课标全国)But the river wasnt changed in a few days _or_ even a few months解析：a few days和a few months为选择关系，因此要用or连接。6(广东)So Nick called to his son, “Go to the villa
29、ge and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _nor_ too little”解析：neithernor“既不也不”，为固定搭配。故填nor。7(2019新课标III卷)On our way to the house，it was raining _so_ hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there It was in the middle of Pearl City解析：考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子
30、的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“sothat”意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。8(2019天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _unless_ he wants their support解析：考查连词。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。故填unless除非。9(2018全国卷)Corn uses less water _than_ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runo
31、ff 解析：考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2020新课标卷I)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside _but改为and_解析：考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。2(2020新课标卷I)After that I poured oil into a pan and t
32、urned on the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot_unless改为until/till_解析：考查连词。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故将unless改为until/till。3(2020新课标卷) Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice _for改为but / yet_解析：考查连词。句意：
33、但我早就不练习了。分析句子，此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but / yet。4(2020新课标卷) In order to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us_去掉and_解析：考查简单句。这是一个简单句，前面in order to作目的状语，不用连词and，所以去掉and。5(2019全国I卷)Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hi
34、t me_but改为and_解析：考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。6(2019全国卷)When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor_or改为and_解析：考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定成为一名医生。 “重新考虑”与“决定成为一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。7(2018全国卷)Everyone was
35、 silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud _andor_解析：考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故把and改为or。8(全国卷)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank_sobut/yet_解析：根
36、据前后句意思可知这里表示转折概念，并非因果，所以把so改为but或yet。9(四川)Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework_sobut_解析：has a full-time job与has to do most of the housework之间是转折关系，故将so改为but。10(新课标全国)He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful_第二个he前加a
37、nd_解析：句中which引导的是定语从句，修饰主句He had a deep voice，而主句与从句后的分句he was strong and powerful之间缺少连词，根据它们的并列关系，可确定需要在第二个he前加and。11(浙江)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it_IfAlthough/Though_解析：句意：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但我永远忘不了它。根据句意，应将If改为Although或Though。12(大纲全国)And it is wi
38、se to have as many good friends that we can_thatas_解析：as manyas we can为固定句式，as引导比较状语从句。13(新课标全国)Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems_butyet或去掉but_解析：在让步状语从句中， although不可以与but连用，但可以与yet连用。14(新课标全国)In fac
39、t, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me_duringwhen_解析：句中during为介词，不可以连接两个并列的句子，根据逻辑关系，后一个分句应为when引导的时间状语从句。故during应改为when。15(陕西)Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient_BeforeAfter_解析：句意：等候了大约半个小时后，我开始不耐烦了。故应把Before改为Af
40、ter。语法填空My classmate Michael studied very hard _1after_he went to senior school Every day he worked _2until_ everyone else in my class left the classroom He said he wouldnt stop trying _3unless_he got satisfying scores in his studies Hard _4as/though_ he tried, he made little progress, but he didnt
41、lose heart at all _5because/as_ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day _6As_time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last We had a get-together party _7before_ we started our new life in university Everyone had got offe
42、rs from universities, _8so_ we had a very good time When we stood _9where_ we used to play and study, we couldnt help thinking of our happy old days We believed we would never forget each other, _10wherever_ we would go or whatever we would do 文章大意：本文讲了作者的同学努力学习取得成就的事，并且表达了对友谊长存的信念。解析：1句意：我的同班同学Mich
43、ael上高中以后学习非常努力。此处用after引导时间状语从句符合语境。2句意：每天他都学习到我们班其他所有同学都离开教室为止。故用until引导时间状语从句。3句意：他说除非他在学习上取得令人满意的成绩，否则他不会停止努力，unless表示“除非”。故填unless。4句意：尽管他努力了，但是进步很小。副词hard位于句首，所以此处为让步状语从句的倒装形式。故填as/though。5句意：但是他一点儿也没有灰心，因为他相信只要他坚持不懈，他迟早会成功的。此处解释他不灰心的理由。故答案为because或as。6as time went by表示“随着时间的推移”。故填As。7句意：开始大学新生
44、活之前我们举行了一次聚会。本题考查时间状语从句。由前后两个动作发生的先后顺序可知填before。8句意：因为每个人都被大学录取了，所以我们玩得特别开心。前后两部分为因果关系。故答案为so。9句意：当站在我们昔日玩乐和学习的地方时，我们不禁想起了昔日快乐的时光。答案where引导地点状语从句。10句意：我们相信无论我们要去哪里，要做什么，我们永远都不会忘记彼此。答案wherever引导让步状语从句，符合语境。短文改错(2021山西康杰中学模拟)Nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to work It caus
45、es more traffic accidents As the student, what can we do to guarantee our safe? First of all, the traffic rules must be strict obeyed When we cross streets, wait until the traffic light turn green Next, dont forget walk on the pavement Finally, I think it very dangerously to wear headphones while wa
46、lking or cycling Since we cant pay enough attention on the traffic around us, so accidents may happen Taking good care of ourselves and dont let our parents worry about them 答案：Nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to work It causes more traffic accidents As student, what can
47、 we do to guarantee our ？ First of all, the traffic rules must be obeyed When we cross streets, wait until the traffic light green Next, dont forget walk on the pavement Finally, I think it very to wear headphones while walking or cycling Since we cant pay enough attention the traffic around us, so accidents may happen good care of ourselves and dont let our parents worry about - 12 - 版权所有高考资源网