1、Unit 2Cloning必备知识盘点夯基 BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1_undertake_vt着手；从事；承担2_breakthrough_n突破3_cast_vt扔；投；掷4_unable_ adj不能的；不会的5_obtain_vt获得；赢得6_attain_vt获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)7_forbid_vt禁止；不准8_drawback_n缺点；不利条件9_owe_vt欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于10_shortly_adv立刻；不久11_bother_vt打扰vi操心 n烦扰12_regulation_
2、n规则；规章；法规13_strike_vt& vi打；撞击；罢工n罢工14_impact_n撞击；冲击；巨大的影响1We are supposed to _undertake_ (承担) the responsibility to lead a low-carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance 2With medical _breakthroughs_ (突破), people are living a healthier and longer life3Nowadays, energy can be _obtained_ (获得) th
3、rough various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides4Our school is a non-smoking school So smoking is _forbidden_ (禁止) here5So I have no choice but to _bother_ (打扰) you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter 6But just as a coin has two sid
4、es, Internet has its own _drawbacks_ (缺点) which should not be neglected 7I regret to inform you that we are _unable_(不能的) to offer you employment拓展单词1_accumulate_vt& vi积累；聚积_accumulation_ n积累；增加2_differ_ vi不同；相异_different_ adj不同的；与众不同的_difference_ n差异；不同3_reasonable_ adj合情理的；讲道理的；公道的_reason_n理由，道理4
5、_merely_adv仅；只；不过_mere_ adj仅仅的5_decoration_n装饰_decorate_ v装饰；布置6_retire_ vi退休；离开_retirement_ n退休；引退7_assumption_ n假定；设想_assume_ vt假定；设想8_popularity_ n受人喜爱；流行_popular_adj流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的9 _object_ vi反对；不赞成_objection_ n不赞成；反对；异议10 _correction_ n改正；纠正；修正_correct_ vt改正；纠正11_resistance_ n抵抗_resist_ vt抵抗；对抗_r
6、esistant_ adj抵抗的，反抗的12_exact_ adj精确的；准确的 _exactly_ adv精确地；准确地1The purpose of education is not only the _accumulation_ of knowledge And it also means _accumulating_ intelligence as well as abilities (accumulate) 2From the appearance, we cannot tell the _differences_ between the twins, though they alw
7、ays have some _different_ ideas And as for this phenomenon, ideas _differ_ among many people (differ) 3Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no _objection_ to it, while his father _objected_ to it (object)4 Dont _assume_ that you are a princess and stop living in _assumptions_
8、any more (assume) 5 Nowadays few people can _resist_the temptation of smartphones, for so many interesting things in them make anyone trying to be _resistant_ to them finally give up their _resistance_ (resist)6He _retired_ from the post as a manager After his _retirement，he settled down in a remote
9、 village (retire)联想积累：1“动词副词”构成的合成词drawback n 缺点breakdown n 崩溃；故障farewell n 告别feedback n 反馈set-up n 计划；组织break-up n 分手；中断2accumulate及其相关动词小结accumulate 积累；聚积increase 增长enlarge 扩大；放大expand 扩大；膨胀shrink 收缩；缩小reduce 减少3表示“反对；拒绝”的词荟萃against prep 反对oppose v 反对object vi 反对disagree vi 不同意reject vt 拒绝refuse v
10、 拒绝短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用1_pay off_得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2_cast down_(使)失望；(使)沮丧；不愉快3_object to_ 反对；不赞成4_in favour of _赞成；支持5_oweto_把归功于6_(be) bound to(do)_一定或注定(做)7_strikeinto ones heart_使刻骨铭心8_from time to time_不时；偶尔9_bring back to life_使复生；使复活10_in vain_白费力气；枉费心机11_in good/poor condition_状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏语境运用1The mob
11、ile phone is _in good condition_，looking like the newly bought one2 Dont let yourself be _cast down_ by a small failure in the experiment Try again3 In ancient times, people believed that they could be _brought back to life_ after death4 Keep on working hard like this, and your research _is bound to
12、_ obtain great success5 The athlete s years of hard training _paid off_ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal 6 Mountain Tai _struck_ its beauty _into her heart_ and she decided to visit it again the next year 7All efforts will be _ in vain_ if we can t learn English by practising repeatedly 8
13、 She made it clear that she _objected to_ the proposal, for it was useless句式运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。then位于句首且主语为名词，句子用全部倒装语序，that引导同位语从句。1(全国卷，书面表达)我已经得到消息，我们的校乒乓球队正在我们学生当中招募新队员。_Now comes the news that_ our school Ping-pong Tea
14、m is looking for new members among us students2The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。The advantage is that“其优点
15、是”，that引导表语从句。2(浙江高考书面表达)爬山的好处就是它可以增强我们的体质，塑造我们的性格。_The advantage of climbing mountains is that_ it can build our body and shape our characters核心素养精讲层练 HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN1differ vi不同；相异用法归纳different adj不同的difference n不同之处词汇拓展(1)differ in 在方面不同differ from 与不同differ fromin与在方面不同(2)mak
16、e a difference 起作用；有影响(3)be different from 与不同层级训练夯基单句语法填空。Even though we completely differ from each other _in_ character, we are still great friendsWe can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _differences_ (differ) unite, rather than divide us Since I was a kid, Ive considered _different_ (diffe
17、r) jobs I would like to do提能单句写作。I hold the firm belief that we _can make a big difference_ if everyone makes a little effort我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。2undertake vt(undertook，undertaken)着手；从事；承担；保证归纳拓展undertake sth着手/从事/承担某事undertake to do sth保证/答应做某事undertake that保证undertake responsibility/a task/a pr
18、oject 承担责任/任务/工程层级训练夯基单句语法填空。The project _undertaken_ (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful Mr Collins undertook _to look_ (look) after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friendsWhether or not the construction of the bridge _w
19、ill be undertaken_ (undertake) by our company remains to be seen提能单句写作。(北京卷书面表达)With all the materials collected, those who are talented in computers _undertook the task of designing_ and making the video用收集到的材料，那些在计算机方面有天赋的人承担了设计和制作视频的任务。 3object vt反对；不赞成(后常接介词to)n物体；目标词汇拓展objection n反对；提出异议objecti
20、ve adj真实的；客观的；无偏见的用法归纳(1)object to sb/sth不赞成/反对object to doing sth反对做某事(2)make/raise an objection to sth对提出异议have/make an/no objection to(doing)sth反对/不反对(做)某事层级训练夯基单句语法填空。A majority of students objected to _being arranged_ (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekendsHe has a strong objec
21、tion to _smoking_ (smoke) in public places, especially with females present It is necessary to hold an _objective_ (object) attitude towards ratings 提能一句多译。就我个人而言，我反对他在会议上提出的建议。As far as Im concerned，I _am opposed to_ the suggestions he put forward at the meeting In my view, I _object to_ the sugges
22、tions he put forward at the meeting4forbid vt(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不准归纳拓展forbid sbsth禁止某人某事forbid doing sth禁止做某事It is forbidden to do sth做某事是禁止的温馨提示forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sbto do sth形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow，permit，advise等。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。As far as I can remember，this place used to
23、 forbid _parking_ (park) cars and bikes _Forbidding_ (forbid) us students to go out of the campus has raised a storm of objections I think the middle school students should be forbidden _ to use _ (use) smartphones at school 提能补全句子/句式升级。We _were forbidden from going out_ (禁止外出), so we had to stay at
24、 home aimlessly_Forbidden from going out_，we had to stay at home aimlessly (分词短语作状语)5owe vt欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢归纳拓展(1)owe sbsthowe sthto sb欠某人某物owe sban apology 该向某人道歉owe sba favour 欠某人一个人情(2)oweto把归功于owe it to sb that多亏某人(3)owing to 因为；由于层级训练夯基单句语法填空。My English teacher is such a great soul, _to_ whom
25、 I owe many thanks I must say I owe all the achievements _to_the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friendsI owe _it_ to you that I have made great progress in my English提能句式升级。Because of my lack of experience, I didnt do the work well_It was owing to my lack of experience that_ I didnt d
26、o the work well (升级为强调句)6strike vt& vi(struck，struck)打；撞击；罢工；突然袭击；(钟)报时；划(火柴)；忽然想起 n罢工归纳拓展(1)strikeinto ones heart使刻骨铭心be struck by/with被击中/打动/感动It strikes/hits/occurs to sb that某人突然想起sth strikes/hits/occurs to sb某人突然想起某事(2)go on strike罢工巧学助记各种“敲，打”的表达法层级训练夯基写出下列句子中strike的词性和词义。A big earthquake stru
27、ck the city last year, killing dozens of people_vt突然袭击_It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team_vt忽然想起_It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike_n罢工_I got up early this morning before the clock struck five_vt
28、(钟)报时_提能补全句子/句式升级。(2018天津卷书面表达)Because we _are struck by your talent_ (被你的天赋打动) in the robotic competition, Id like to invite you to join us_Struck by your talent_ in the robotic competition, Id like to invite you to join us(分词短语作状语)7pay off 还清(债务)；取得成功；得到回报归纳拓展pay sth off全部偿还；偿清债务pay sb off(结工资后)解雇
29、；打发走pay for sth付钱(买)某物；为某物支付；为某物付钱；为某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay sb for sth付钱给某人买某物；为某物付某人钱pay back还钱；偿还；报复pay a visit to参观；访问pay attention to注意；重视层级训练夯基完成句子。(2019全国卷，书面表达)I firmly believe hard work will _pay off_我坚信辛勤付出必有回报。What made him happy was that after all these years he at last _paid off all his debts_使他高兴的
30、是经过这些年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。That I can _pay back_ the help people give me makes me happy能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。夯基写出下列句子中pay off的含义。It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan_偿清_Two hundred workers have been paid off_(结工资后)解雇_All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam_取得好结果_
31、提能单句写作。(山东高考书面表达)我对英语非常感兴趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回报。I was very interested in English and worked hard at it Finally _all my efforts paid off_8in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)归纳拓展(1)out of condition 健康状况欠佳(2)on condition that在条件下；倘若on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)working/living/studying condi
32、tions工作/生活/学习环境层级训练夯基单句语法填空。What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be _in_ poor conditionThey also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living _conditions_ (condition) in the suburbsThe teacher always warns us，“ _On_ no condition can we give up our dreams ”
33、提能单句写作。(2018江苏卷书面表达)_On condition that we use_ these ratings properly, they will benefit us in many ways倘若我们恰当使用这些排名(ratings)，它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。9The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the n
34、ext generation其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。The advantage is that“优势是”。that在此引导表语从句。归纳拓展The advantage/strength ofis that的优势是The disadvantage ofis that的不足是The drawback ofis that的缺点是The problem ofis that的问题是The chance is that有可能层级训练夯基单句语法填空/补全句子。The drawback of the popularity
35、 of cars is _that_ it brings about so much air pollutionBut the good news is _that_ therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home The chance is _that_ one smoker in four will die of lung cancer_The advantage of smiling is that _ (微笑的好处是) it can not only make
36、us happy, but also please others提能单句写作。_The advantage of_ using your university accommodation _is that you can get support_ if you have a problem在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于，如果你有问题可以得到帮助。高效演练素能提升 GAO XIAO YAN LIAN SU NENG TI SHENG单句语法填空1Dad, I dont think Oliver is the right sort of person for the jobI seeIll go
37、 right away and pay him_off_2Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _why_ he did it；thats one of his favorite universities3It took them 10 years to pay _off_ the mortgage4Jane, youve made such great efforts that you are bound _to pass_(pass) the
38、 exam5I dont often go to the cinema at weekends, merely from time _to_ time6His efforts to raise money for his program were _in_ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets7Although a teenager, Fred could not resist _being told_(tell) what to do and what not to do8Be
39、 _reasonable_(reason)you cant expect him to finish all his work in so little time9 Its thirty years since we last met But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _that_ we lost our way on a rainy night10(朗文辞典)The car has been well maintained and is in good _condition_单句改错1It struck me most in
40、 the movie was the fathers deep love for his son_ItWhat_2No one knows exact how the earth began as it happened so long ago_exactexactly_3Sometimes, some students object the idea that English classes are taught in English_object后加to_4Owed to the recent bad weather, the project is several weeks behind
41、 schedule_OwedOwing_5In making scientific experiments, we should not cast down by temporary setbacks_cast前加be_6Only if the students accumulate for a great deal of vocabulary can they grasp English_去掉for_单句写作1处于困境时千万不要丧失信心。(倒装句；condition)_On no condition should you lose heart when you are in trouble_
42、 2给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。(主语从句；strike)_What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people_3困扰我的是我跟不上别人。(it作形式主语；bother)_It bothers me that I cant keep up with others_4它说明你的论点完全是以假的假设为基础的。(indicate；assumption)_It indicates that your argument is based on a completely false assumption_5我喜欢钓鱼。其中一个好处是我能在
43、户外呼吸新鲜空气。(that引导表语从句)_I like fishing One of the advantages is that I can take in fresh air in the open air_语篇填空Cloning is a way of _1making_(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant _2It_ has two major uses One is _3that_ gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants _4The _other
44、 is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals However, the process of cloning is difficult _5to undertake_(undertake) and in some countries it is forbidden If cloning were in practice, perhaps the world would be more complexMany attempts to clone mamma
45、ls failed The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole _6scientific_(science) world follow its process, though it had _7more_ problems than the sheep in normal condition On the other hand, Dollys appearance _8raised_(raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact _9on_ the media
46、and public imagination Different people have different opinions on it However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it _10is leading_(lead) us话题写作用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文最近你班就是否发展克隆技术进行了讨论。请按以下写作要点写一篇短文。要点如下：支持：克隆技术有益人类；反对：引起伦理问题；你的观点？补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)我们对克隆技术是否应该被发展
47、进行了热烈的讨论。大家观点分歧很大。There has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed Opinions _differ greatly from person to person_有些人赞同发展克隆技术，他们认为这一定会让人类受益。(同位语从句)Some who are _in favour of its development hold the belief that it will be bound to benefit human_能生产大量的商业食品满足人们的需求
48、，这是克隆的好处之一。Large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet peoples needs, which is _one of the advantages of cloning_我们也可以克隆人体器官作为医疗用途。We can also _clone human body organs for medical use_另外一些人强烈反对，因为他们沮丧地发现克隆会引发一系列的道德问题。_Others strongly object to it_，because _they feel cast down to find
49、 that it could raise a storm of moral questions_我认为，只要所有人答应恰当利用克隆技术，克隆会取得成功。In my opinion，_cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly _升级平淡句利用表语从句升级句_One of the advantages of cloning is that _ large quantitis of commercial food can be produced to meet peoples needs衔接成美文(请利用适当的过
50、渡衔接词汇，如：however，whats more，on the contrary等)_There has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed Opinions differ greatly from person to personSome who are in favour of its development hold the belief that it will be bound to benefit human One of the advantages of c
51、loning is that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet peoples needs Whats more, we can also clone human body organs for medical useOn the contrary，others strongly object to it，because they feel cast down to find that it could raise a storm of moral questionsHowever, in my opinion, cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly_