1、课时提能练(三十八) 选修8Unit 3Inventors and inventionsA：知识层面.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Most pupils have 1expectations (expect) that they can participate in varieties of 2practical (practice) activities off campus. Many student 3associations (associate) often organize such activities, offering great 4convenience (convenie
2、nt) for the pupils. However, experts and parents are 5cautious (caution) about pupils taking part in social activities. Pupils are 6innocent (innocence), and they are easily taken in. Besides, many often ignore their security when 7merrily (merry) involved in these activities. Schools must warn thei
3、r pupils not to trust those who take interest in them 8abruptly (abrupt) but hesitate to show their 9identification (identify) cards.B(考查动词)There are amazing things about babies. They learn to see by 10distinguishing (distinguish) between areas of light and dark. They start to use their whole hand 1
4、1to seize (seize) toys and objects around 5 months of age. They are found 12tapping (tap) on smart phones when they are as young as 6 months. Someone says babies learn to do things because certain acts 13are associated (associate) with physiological “drives”. However, this is not the case. 14Bear (b
5、ear) in mind that your baby is eager to experience the joy of success just like an adult. To request more details about how babies learn, youre welcome 15to dial (dial) the phone number 610894149099 to contact us at any time.C(考查句型)There being no customers at this hour, my mother closed her shop. Be
6、fore long she appeared in front of me. “Drink the milk 16before it becomes cold and then go to sleep，” she said to me. A competition was to take place the next day. 17Being (be) very good at science subjects, I had a good chance of gaining high grades. 18Convinced (convince) that I would not let her
7、 down, she still expected me to sleep well and refresh my mind before the competition. “Dont stay up too late, 19or youll feel tired tomorrow.”.语境短文改错(短文中有7处错误)I had longed for a chance to live in an African country for a couple of years. The day finally came that I was sent to work in Egypt. Howeve
8、r, things dont work out as had been expected. Only after I got there did I realized how difficult it was to live in a complete different culture. It was not just matter of getting used to it. You had to learn how to integrate yourself into their society. Sometimes I got discouraged with situations t
9、hat went against to my belief or my will. Living abroad is something really worth thought about.【答案】I had longed for a chance to live in an African country for a couple of years. The day finally came I was sent to work in Egypt. However, things work out as had been expected. Only after I got there d
10、id I how difficult it was to live in a different culture. It was not just matter of getting used to it. You had to learn how to integrate yourself into their society. Sometimes I got discouraged with situations that went against my belief or my will. Living abroad is something really worth about.根据提
11、示补全句子 1你方便时就来看我。Come and see me whenever it is convenient for you2身边应多准备一些开水，以备不时之需。Extra boiled water should be kept at hand just in case it is needed3冰加热时会变成水。(状语从句的省略)When heated，ice can be changed into water.4我很少看到这么明亮的月亮。Rarely have I seen such a bright moon.5不要放弃，否则的话你会一事无成。Dont give up or you
12、 will achieve nothingB：能力层面.阅读理解A(2020湖南省六校联考)When you think of batteries，youll likely think about them powering up remote controls，cell phones，flashlights and toys.But some people carry a battery around in their body to power a pacemaker (起搏器)It isnt really pleasant and easy to carry batteries beca
13、use they need to be replaced so often and they can leak poisonous chemicals.A batterypowered pacemaker may become a thing of the past，thanks to a new technology developed by UCLA researchers: A biological super capacitor (超级电容器)，which is thinner than several hairs.Teams of researchers at UCLA and th
14、e University of Connecticut published a paper in a journal explaining their new invention.The super capacitor is made from a carbon material，and coated with humanlike proteins that act as electrodes (电极)But what makes the device different is that it is powered by an energy harvester that changes bod
15、y heat and movement in the blood into energy.Those traditional pacemakers are six to eight millimeters thick.They are much bigger.The new super capacitor，which，due to its lack of battery，is only one micrometer thick.This “little” feature could benefit the new pacemakers energy efficiency，researchers
16、 stated.Furthermore，unlike other batteries used in medical treatments，the super capacitor can bend and twist in the body without suffering damage.Though theyve not been widely used in the medical world，super capacitors have the ability to serve as a safer and more efficient medical device than the t
17、raditional batteryoperated devices，the researchers believe.“In order to be effective，batteryfree pacemakers must have super capacitors that can get，store and transport energy.However，commercial super capacitors are too slow to make them work”，said Maher ElKady，a UCLA researcher and coauthor of the s
18、tudy.“ Our research focused on the customdesigned super capacitor to capture energy effectively，and finding a way to make it exist together successfully with the human body.”【语篇解读】文章介绍了一项新的发明超级电容器。它不需要电池，而且尺寸更小、更安全，能更好地为起搏器供能。1What do we know about traditional pacemakers?AThey are very popular with
19、users.BThey are thinner than several hairs.CThey can do harm to the users bodies.DThey are really convenient to carry around.C细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，传统的起搏器需要经常更换电池，而且电池会泄漏有毒的化学物质，因此它们对人身体有害。故选C。2What is special about the new super capacitor?AIt has electrodes on the outside.BIt is made from a kind of prot
20、ein material.CIt helps save the carriers money and energy.DIt can transform the energy from the body.D细节理解题。根据第二段可知，超级电容器是由一个能量采集器驱动的，该能量采集器将身体热量和血液中的运动转化为能量，即转化来自身体的能量，故选D。3Which of the following makes the new pacemaker energyefficient?AThe small size.BThe small battery.CThe energy harvester.DThe b
21、ending and twisting characters.A细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Thislittle feature could benefit the new pacemakers energy efficiency”可知，这种“小”的特征有利于新起搏器的能效，即使它节能，故选A。【干扰项分析】此题易误选C项。由第2题的解析可知，能量采集器转化来自身体的能量从而驱动超级电容器，未提到其帮助新起搏器节能。4What is the best title for the text?AA Batterypowered Pacemaker Is Harming Peoples B
22、odyBA New Pacemaker That Doesnt Need to Use BatteriesCPeople Today Arent Willing to Use the Traditional PacemakerDUCLA Researchers Are Committed to the Medical EquipmentB标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项新的发明，即用于起搏器的超级电容器，这种电容器不需要电池，故选B项。B(2020北京市西城区统一测试)Store owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumer
23、s into their stores and purchasing their goods.Even as we find new strategies to resist，neuroscientists (神经科学家)are employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a consumers brain at each point in the decision process.We consumers overspend due to the fact
24、 that we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money.Normally，the prefrontal cortex (额叶前皮层) controls our emotional reactions to things，and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears.But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal
25、cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs，encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we dont actually need yet.Nostalgia，that regretful affection for past events，is another strong influence during the holiday season，and its shaped by emotion.Emotion w
26、hether good or bad enhances the formation of memories，engaging more parts of the brain.So hearing a nephew singing a carol，for instance，might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song.These kinds of memories are
27、 brought back even more easily by sensory input.This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.Wherever you purchase gifts，there are social influences on what you buy as well.The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the labe
28、l because were buying gifts.Receiving a brandname gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me，so he or she must value me more”And it makes sense.If two things seem pretty much the same，how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species，and we have to rely on ea
29、ch other.So when our brains are trying to make decisions，one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that)，then there must be a reason.Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases.Plan ahead，resist the urg
30、e to purchase in a moment，make notes for comparison shopping，and if the deal is actually good，then it will stand the inspection and youll feel good about your purchases later.Before you blow your budget this season，remember that your brain might be fooling you into purchasing the things you dont nee
31、d.【语篇解读】本文主要从三个方面分析了引起消费者过度消费的因素，即我们害怕失去真正好的交易或害怕不得不花费更多的钱买同样的东西、怀旧之情以及社交的影响。5From Paragraph 2，we learn that _ .Athe prefrontal cortex is the calculation centerBthe common consumers always act unreasonablyCthe sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fearDthe advertisers make consumers pay
32、 more for the same thingC推理判断题。根据第二段中的“we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money”和“But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex.we dont actually need yet”可推知，看到显眼的交易标志会使消费者心中充满担忧，故选C。6According to Paragraph 3，which of the following
33、can work on consumers?ACreating a festival atmosphere.BFollowing the current fashion.CPreparing more free samples.DOffering a bigger discount.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Nostalgia，that regretful affection for past events，is another strong influence during the holiday season，and its shaped by emotion”并结合本段中举的例子可推
34、知，节日氛围会激发消费者的怀旧之情，刺激他们消费，故A项正确。7Why do we buy brandname gifts during the holiday?AThey are more reliable.BThey are a sign of social status.CThey make people feel valued.DThey are favored by most people.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Receiving a brandname gift sends the message thatthis person has spent more on me，s
35、o he or she must value me more”可知，人们买品牌礼物是为了让对方感觉自己很受重视，故选C。8To avoid overspending，the author suggests we _.Abuy in a momentBreduce our budgetCreturn unnecessary productsDmake a plan in advanceD细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Plan ahead，resist the urge to purchase in a moment，make notes for comparison shopping”可知，为了
36、避免超支，作者建议人们在购物时要提前进行计划，故D选项正确。.完形填空(2020兰州市高三诊断考试)I was standing in a class of wild 14yearold girls as they threw paper and howled (大声叫喊) with laughter.They wouldnt 1 me.I was 23 and I didnt know what I was doing.I never wanted to 2 I wanted to be a writer.But when I arrived in London，they were shor
37、t of teachers，not writers.My efforts to teach were 3 When the bell finally rang，I rushed to the staff room，red with anger.The other teachers werent 4 .“Thats 4B，the worst class in school，” one said.I dreaded (害怕) our next 5 ，but I couldnt give up.I needed the job.So，I 6 formal lessons.Instead，I brou
38、ght 7 for class discussions.One of the liveliest talks was about the arguments they had with their parents.They paid attention and shared about their lives.I was 8 So I had them write about themselves.Most wrote about families with little money and big problems.As time went on，their essays became a
39、9 between us.I admired their humor，toughness and insight，and I thought they 10 my interest in their lives.The musical My Fair Lady was playing in the West End，but they had never seen a 11 stage performance.They lived just a few subway stops from the West End，but none had ever been there.I asked if t
40、heyd like to see the musical.They thought I was 12 No teacher had ever 13 taking them out.A few weeks later，4B and I were sitting in a 14 They loved the music，the costumes and the characters.It was the 15 of their year，and they talked about it for days.Near the end of the semester，someone knocked on
41、 the door of the staff room.The two most rebellious (叛逆的) girls in 4B were there with flowers.I was proud to know I had 16 their lives.I enjoyed teaching and getting along with 17 When I returned to Australia several years later，I still wanted to be a 18 .For the first time in my life，I stopped 19 a
42、nd started writing.My first story was titled My Fair Ladies.Teaching wasnt the 20 of my writing career；it was the beginning.【语篇解读】“我”想做一名作家，但是伦敦缺的是教师，于是“我”做了一名教师。由于带了全校最差的班级，开始时“我”不知所措。后来“我”改变了常规的授课方式，鼓励学生们写自己经历的故事，带她们去欣赏音乐剧。“我”的行为触动了她们的内心1A.listen toBhear aboutCcatch up withDtake care ofA根据上文可知，这些女
43、生扔纸并大声谈笑；根据下文可知，23岁的“我”不知所措；据此可以判断，这些女生不听我讲话；A项意为“听”，故A项正确。2A.communicateBteachCdiscussDworkB根据下文可知，“我”想要当一名作家；上文提到，对这群在教室里高声谈笑的女生“我”一筹莫展，据此可以推知，“我”不打算教学，B项意为“教学”，故B项正确。3A.successfulBpersistentCunforgettableDhopelessD根据下文可知，我气得脸都红了，同事告诉我说这个班是最差的班；据此可以推知，我感到努力毫无希望；D项意为“绝望的”，故D项正确。4A.embarrassedBhappy
44、CsurprisedDworriedC根据后句可知，其中一个老师告诉我说，4B班是全校最差的班级；据此可以推知，对于这种情况，其他老师并不感到奇怪；C项意为“觉得奇怪的”，故C项正确。5A.appointmentBmeetingCtaskDperformanceB根据上文可知，班里的女生高声谈笑不听“我”讲话，据此可以推知，“我”害怕和她们再次见面，B项意为“见面”，故B项正确。6A.abandonedBdesignedCtookDhatedA根据后句中的“for class discussions”可知，“我”放弃了常规教学，以班级讨论的方式取代；A项意为“放弃”，故A项正确。7A.pape
45、rsBrewardsCtopicsDassistantsC根据该句中的“brought”，并结合语境可知，“我”准备了班级讨论的话题；C项意为“话题”，故C项正确。8A.fascinatedBdisappointedCpuzzledDrelaxedA根据后句可知，“我”让她们写下她们的故事；据此可以推知，“我”对她们的讨论很入迷；A项意为“入迷的”，故A项正确。9A.dealBbridgeCguideDsecretB根据该句中的“between us”并结合语境可知，这些文章成了“我”和她们之间联系的桥梁；B项意为“桥梁”，故B项正确。10A.praisedBunderstoodCignore
46、dDappreciatedD根据上文可知，“我”欣赏她们的幽默、坚强和洞察力；结合该句中的“my interest in their lives”可以推知，“我”认为她们也会感谢“我”对她们生活的关注；D项意为“感谢，感激”，故D项正确。11A.goodBfamiliarCfamousDliveD根据该句中的“but”及后一句“They lived just a few subway stops from the West End.there”可知，尽管她们的住处离伦敦西区很近，但是她们没有看到过现场表演；D项意为“现场演出的”，故D项正确。12A.lyingBguessingCjokingD
47、promisingC根据后句中的“No teacher had ever”可知，没有老师带她们出去过；据此可以推知，当“我”问她们是否要去看现场表演时，她们认为“我”在开玩笑，故C项正确。13A.admittedBdislikedCmindedDsuggestedD根据上文中的“I asked if theyd like to see the musical”可知，“我”提议她们出去看音乐剧；结合该句中的“taking them out”可知，之前没有老师提议带她们出去，D项意为“提议”，故D项正确。14A.bookstoreBtheaterClibraryDclassroomB根据上文中的“
48、I asked if.the musical”可知，“我”提议她们出去欣赏音乐剧；结合该句中的“4B and I were sitting in”可以推知，数周后的一天，“我”和她们坐在了一家剧院里；B项意为“剧院”，故B项正确。15A.highlightBgoalCstoryDachievementA根据该句中的“and they talked about it for days”可知，她们谈论了几天时间；据此可以推知，这是她们一年中最精彩的一天；A项意为“最精彩的部分”，故A项正确。16A.foundBtouchedCcreatedDsavedB根据前句可知，有两位最叛逆的女生拿着花来到教
49、员的办公室，结合上文叙述的“我”和她们欣赏音乐剧可以推知，“我”触及了她们的生活，B项意为“触及”。17A.colleaguesBparentsCteenagersDplayersC根据该句中的“and getting along with”，并结合上文叙述的“我”骄傲地得知“我”触及了她们的生活可以推知，“我”喜欢上了教学，和青少年们相处融洽；C项意为“青少年”，故C项正确。18A.teacherBwriterCperformerDlistenerB根据第一段倒数第二句“I wanted to be a writer”可知，我想要当一名作家；结合后句中的“started writing”可知，“我”开始写作；据此可以推知，“我”仍然想要做一名作家，故B项正确。19A.dreamingBhesitatingCtravellingDlearningA根据该句中的“started writing”，并结合语境可知，第一次“我”不再幻想，而是真正开始写作；A项意为“想象，梦想”，故A项正确。20A.ideaBpartCendDplanC根据该句中的“it was the beginning”可知，教学是“我”写作的开始，据此可知，空处与句中的“beginning”对应，表示“终结”，故C项正确。