1、解题攻略 技法指导 考点突破 习题集训 第九节 名词性从句 基础考法考法 1考查名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词有连接代词、从属连词、连接副词等。考查点主要有：(1)当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语、表语时，可根据意义选用连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whatever，whose 等。典型例题 1 (2013高考课标全国卷改编)Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.解析：句意：警方发现了看起来像那尊丢失的古代雕像的东西。动词 found后为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语且指物，故用 what 引导。答案为
2、 what。考法总结：设空处无提示词，且空前 found 和空后 appears 均为谓语动词形式，考虑此处为从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的是宾语从句；再分析从句的结构可知，从句中缺少主语，且指代的是物，可判断答案为 what。(2)名词性从句的从属连词 that，if 或 whether 也是高考的热点。that 在从句中不作成分，无实际意义；而 if 和 whether 有实际意义，但在从句中也不作成分。典型例题 2 (2016 高 考 北 京 卷 改 编)Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.解析：
3、句意：您的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论您能做什么都会有所帮助。主语从句中缺少动词 do 的宾语。故用 Whatever。考法总结：分析句子成分可知：helps 是谓语，you can do 是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do 后缺少宾语。典型例题 3 (2016高考北京卷改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.解析：句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人们可以完全远离尘埃的烦扰。从句成分缺少连接词。故填 that。考法总结：分析表语从句的句子成分可知：从句中的主
4、语是 one，can be 是复合谓语，free from dust 是形容词短语作表语，句子是“主系表”结构；不缺成分，故用连词 that 引导。典型例题 4 (2016 高 考 天 津 卷 改 编)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.解析：句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有个助手。设空后的从句解释说明 suggestion 的内容。故用 that。考法总结：第一个句子结构完整，定语为 a suggestion，后面的内容是对sugge
5、stion 的补充说明，因此需用 that 连接，that 不作任何成分，同位语前面补充说明的内容可以和同位语 that 的内容划等号，因此这里的 suggestion 就是 we should have an assistant。(3)名词性从句的连接副词 when，where，why 与 how 是考查的重点，要根据上下文语境判断。连接副词也有实际意义，引导词在句中作时间状语时用when；作地点状语时用 where；作原因状语时用 why；作方式状语时用 how。典型例题 5 (2015高考课标全国卷)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians fig
6、ured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.解析：根据语境和空后的形容词 thick 可知应用 how 引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为 how。考法总结：“引导词thick”作 needed to be 的表语，引导词在从句中作状语，修饰 thick。故用 how。考法 2考查以 it 作形式主语或形式宾语时的名词性从句的引导词如果主语从句较长，常用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末；如果宾语从句之后带有宾语
7、补足语，可用 it 作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句末。(链接考点一宾语从句)典型例题 6 (2014高考山东卷改编)It is difficult for us to imagine _ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.解析：句意：对于我们来说，很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。设空处引导从句，作 imagine 的宾语，且在从句中作介词 like 的宾语，指代事物。故答案为 what。考法总结：句中 it 作形式主语，而主语从句中缺少主语，结合后面的 was like可知填 what。能力考法考法 1识别名词性从句的种类(1)首先
8、确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构。(2)分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。考法 2分析从句结构，确定从句引导词确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。(1)若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用 that；表示疑问“是否”用if 或 whether。(2)若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，则考虑用连接代词。(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如 if，whether，because，as if 等)的用法及 that 引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。典型例题 (2013高考山东卷改编)It
9、s good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.解析：句意：得知当我们外出时这些狗将会得到很好的照顾，这太好了。分析句子结构可知，it 在句中作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语；动词 know之后为宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分。故用 that 引导。考点一 宾语从句一、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后的引导词有三类：that；连接代词或连接副词；whether 与 if。We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a phot
10、o taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.科学家研究人脑如何工作是为了制造计算机。1that 引导的宾语从句that 引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，口语中一般可以省略。常见的可以接 that 引导的宾语从句的动词有 see，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider 等。此种情况下，that 一般可省略。I think(that)y
11、ou should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。【特别注意】that引导宾语从句在下列情况下不能省略：1当that从句作介词的宾语时。I dont know exactly where he lives，except that its somewhere out in the wilds.他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。2动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。He told me he had to leave and that he would be b
12、ack soon.他告诉我他得离开且很快就会回来。3宾语从句前有插入语时。We hope，on the contrary，that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。4that引导的从句位于句首时。That prices will go up I know.我知道物价将要上涨。2连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who，whom，what，which，whoever，whichever等)和连接副词(when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 等)，这些词在从句中
13、既作特定的成分，又有一定的词义，不可省略。能接疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词或动词短语有 study，see，tell，ask，know，decide，find out，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise，believe in，search for 等。Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我
14、们自己。3whether 与 if 引导的宾语从句whether 与 if 引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。whether 与 if 不能省略。It is still under discussion，whether/if the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.这个旧公交车站是否应该被一座现代化的宾馆代替仍在讨论中。【易混辨析】whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：1宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用时
15、，不能换成if；不直接连用，可互换。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/if the report is true or not.我不知道这个报道是否是真的。2介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导，whether可与不定式连用。It depends on whether we have enough time.这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。They dont know whether to go there.他们不知道是否去那里。与不定式连用3引导表语从句或同位语从句时。The question
16、is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们是否能和她取得联系。【易混辨析】4whether引导主语从句并置于句首时。Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他是否能按时来参加聚会要看交通状况。【知识拓展】doubt后接宾语从句时，如果用于肯定句，从句的引导词常用whether或if；用于否定句或疑问句时，从句的引导词常用that。The doctor really doubts whether my mother will recover from the s
17、erious disease soon.医生真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否能从严重的疾病中很快康复。Never once did I doubt that I would be able to carry out my plan.我从未怀疑过我能执行自己的计划。二、it 作形式宾语的宾语从句1一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用 it 作形式宾语，而将that 引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有 find，feel，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make 等。He has made it clear that the meeting will no
18、t be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。2动词 hate，like，dislike，appreciate，enjoy 等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语 see to，depend on，rely on 等常用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。考点二 主语从句一、主语从句的引导词从属连词只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。1that
19、引导的主语从句that 引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义。一般不可省略。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。2wh-类连接词引导的主语从句wh-类连接词包括 wh-类的连接代词(who，whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whatever 等)和连接副词(when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however 等)。语序为 wh-类连接词加
20、陈述句。What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.芭芭拉琼斯展现给她的“粉丝”们的是诚实和快乐。3whether 引导的主语从句whether 引导的主语从句常置于句首，有时也可用 it 作形式主语代替。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。【易混辨析】whether与if引导主语从句的区别：主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表“是否”，只能用whether，不可用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与
21、whether可互换。Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。Its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening.他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。二、it 作形式主语的主语从句1it 作形式主语，从属连词 that 引导的从句作真正的主语。(1)Itbe形容词(obvious
22、，true，natural，surprising，good,wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable 等)that 从句。It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。【特别注意】在“It is necessary/important/surprising/unthinkable/unbelievable/strange/incrediblethat从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。Its nece
23、ssary that a college studentshouldmaster one or two foreign languages.大学生掌握一两门外语是必要的。(2)Itbe名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise等)that 从句。Its no wonder that he didnt want to go.难怪他不想去。(3)Itbe过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged 等)that 从句It is decided that
24、 the meeting has been put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。【特别注意】在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted/demandedthat从句”结构中，that从句的谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should可省略。It is suggested that youshouldspend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。(4)It动词/动词短语(seem，appear，happen，ma
25、tter，turn out，occur to，make no difference 等)that 从句。It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。2it 作形式主语，连接代词、连接副词或 whether/if 引导的主语从句作真正的主语。It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者
26、已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。It is not immediately clear whether/if the financial crisis will soon be over.经济危机是否会很快结束，短时间内不会很明显。考点三 表语从句一、常用引导词引导的表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后，引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，其中 if 不能引导表语从句，that 一般不能省略；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。Jerry did not regret giving the comment but f
27、elt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。二、其他连接词引导的表语从句1as if/as though 引导的表语从句as if/as though 引导的表
28、语从句常跟在 be 动词，seem，look，taste，sound，feel，appear 等连系动词之后。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。2because，why 引导的表语从句because，why 也可引导表语从句，但 because 引导的表语从句，主语不能是 reason 或 cause。常用于以下句型：This/That is why.这/那是的原因。Th
29、is/That is because.这/那是因为That is because he didnt work hard.那是因为他没有努力工作。考点四 同位语从句一、同位语从句的引导词同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news，fact，idea，desire，suggestion，promise，information 等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的引导词主要有 that，whether，why，who，where，how，when 等。在同位语从句中，that，whether 不作成分，that 无词汇意义，whether 表示“是否”；if 不能引导同
30、位语从句。引导同位语从句的连词一般都不能省略。The report that he was going to resign was false.他将辞职的报道是假的。二、常跟同位语从句的名词后常跟同位语从句的名词有 advice，fact，doubt，suggestion，hope，demand，conclusion，idea，news，order，request，thought，word，wish，promise，truth，information，message，belief，report，desire，problem，possibility 等。When the news came th
31、at the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定参军。【易混辨析】同位语从句与定语从句的区别：1同位语从句是对从句前面的名词进行说明或解释；而定语从句是对其前的名词加以修饰或限定。2同位语从句说明的名词大都是news，fact，idea，thought，hope，order等抽象名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。3引导同位语从句的that不充当句子成分，没有任何意义，但不可省略。在定语从句中，引导词that在从句中代替先行词作主语、宾语或表语；作宾语时，可省略。The new
32、s that our football team won the match was encouraging.我们的足球队赢得比赛的消息令人鼓舞。同位语从句The news that we heard on the radio was not true.我们在收音机上听到的消息是不准确的。定语从句.单句语法填空1(2017四川成都二诊改编)This year is very special because its _ we call“a leap year”2Lets go on with the discussion from _ we left off yesterday.答案：1what
33、 考查表语从句。句意：今年是特殊的一年，因为今年我们称之为“闰年”。空处引导表语从句且表语从句中 call 缺少宾语。故用 what。2where 考查宾语从句。句意：让我们从昨天中断的地方继续讨论吧。分析句子结构可知，介词 from 后面接宾语从句，且空处在句中作地点状语，所以用 where。3Most of us hate it _ someone talks with his mouth full of food.4Even today scientists still have no solid evidence _ there are living creatures in oute
34、r space or not.答案：3when 考查宾语从句。句意：我们中的大多数人都讨厌别人满嘴食物时说话。分析句子结构可知，it 为形式宾语，代替 when 引导的宾语从句。4whether 考查同位语从句。句意：即使是今天科学家仍没有可靠的证据证明外太空是否有生物。whether 在句中引导同位语从句，表示“是否”。5(2017广东广州模拟改编)_ David used to say was always new and worth hearing and all his pupils loved him.6The old couple gave _ attended their Dia
35、mond Wedding Anniversary some gifts to share their happiness.答案：5What 考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作 say 的宾语。故填 What。6whoever 考查宾语从句。句意：这对老夫妇给所有参加他们 60 周年结婚纪念日的人一些礼物来分享他们的快乐。分析句子结构可知，gave 后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，指的是人，表示“无论谁”。故用 whoever。7It suddenly occurred to Rose _ she hadnt turned off the TV after leaving the r
36、oom.8.My mother thinks that every girl should learn to dance,and this is _ I disagree.答案：7that 考查主语从句。句意：离开房间后，Rose 突然想起她没有关电视机。分析句子结构可知，It 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的主语从句。8where 考查表语从句。句意：我的母亲认为每个女孩儿都应该学跳舞，这一点我不同意。分析句子成分可知，空处在此引导表语从句，根据句意可知应填 where，表示“在该情况下”，在从句中作地点状语。9(2017辽宁沈阳监测一改编)Tina is much more co
37、nfident behind the wheel than _ she was when she started.10Mr.Smith went to London for a fashion show last week.That was _ he had a few days off.答案：9what 考查宾语从句。此处表示“比起开始时的状况，Tina 坐在方向盘后感觉更自信了”。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作表语。10why 考查表语从句。句意：Smith 先生上周去伦敦看时装表演了。那就是他请了几天假的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且根据语境可知，前面的句子是后面句子的原因
38、，故应用 why 来引导该表语从句。注意，要是填 because 的话，即表示后面的句子是前面的句子的原因，明显不符合此处的逻辑关系。.语法填空(2017江西重点中学联考)The best time to see beautiful lanterns is during the Lantern Festival，1._ falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month，2._(mark)the end of Spring Festival celebrations.Watching lanterns is a great 3._(active).Yo
39、u see lanterns in any sizes and shapes you can imagine,from animals to plants and flowers.4._(make)it more fun,people paste riddles on the lanterns.In some places,people like releasing sky lanterns,which 5._(call)kongmingdeng.A sky lantern is a small hot air balloon made of paper，6._ an opening at t
40、he bottom where there is a small fire source.When the bright lights fly high in the sky,people bless family members 7._ make wishes.In old times,the Lantern Festival was also romantic.At that time,young girls were not allowed to go out very often except during certain festivals.8._，looking at lanter
41、ns gave young people a chance to meet each other.A line from Xin Qiji，9._ poet during the Song Dynasty,shows this：“Restlessly,I searched for her in thousands and hundreds of ways.10._(sudden)I turned,and there she was in the receding light.”【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了元宵节赏花灯的一些情况，并介绍了古代人在元宵节的活动。1which 考查定语从句。分析句子结
42、构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“the Lantern Festival”，且在从句中作主语，应用 which 引导该从句。故填 which。2marking 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，元宵节标志着春节庆祝活动的结束；分析句子逻辑关系可知，动词 mark 与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，应用 mark 的现在分词形式。故填 marking。3activity 考查名词。根据空格前的冠词“a”和形容词“great”可知，空处应用 active 的名词形式且用单数。故填 activity。4To make 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式短语“To make it
43、more fun”作目的状语。故填 To make。注意首字母大写。5are called 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述了一种客观情况，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“sky lanterns”，且与从句的谓语动词 call 之间构成动宾关系，应用被动语态；“sky lanterns”为复数名词。故填 are called。6with 考查介词。根据语境可知，天灯是用纸做的一个小小的热气球，底部有一个开口，那里有一个小的火源。此处应用 with 的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with 意为“和在一起，具有”。故填 with。7and
44、考查并列连词。根据语境可知，当明亮的灯飞到高空时，人们就会祝福家人而且许愿。“bless family members”和“make wishes”是两个并列的动作，应用并列连词 and 连接。故填 and。8Therefore/Thus 考查副词。根据语境可知，古时候，除了一些节日外，年轻女孩不被允许外出。因此，看花灯成了年轻人见面的一个机会。前后句构成因果关系，应用 therefore 或 thus 连接。故填 Therefore/Thus。注意首字母大写。9a 考查冠词。根据词法知识可知，此处应用不定冠词 a 表泛指，指辛弃疾是一位诗人，a poet 作 Xin Qiji 的同位语。故填
45、 a。10Suddenly 考查副词。根据词法知识可知，此处应用 sudden 的副词形式修饰动词“turned”，表示“突然转身”。故填 Suddenly。注意首字母大写。.单句改错1(2016高考全国甲卷改编)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday._2(2017河北五个一名校联盟质监改编)When my parents got home,I asked if or not I could keep the dog and to my surprise they agreed._答案：1how 改
46、为 what 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，are talking about后为宾语从句，且从句中 do 缺少宾语，故将 how 改为 what。2if 改为 whether 考查宾语从句。根据 or not 可知，此处应用 whether 引导宾语从句，构成 whether or not 的固定用法。3The best time of Elizas senior school year is that she won first prize in English Speaking&Talent Competition._4Most parents fear computer games wi
47、ll prevent their children from studying hard and their children will fail in the examination._答案：3that 改为 when 考查表语从句。句意：Eliza 高中最好的时光就是当她在英语演讲风采大赛上拿到一等奖的时候。根据前面的“time”可知，此处表示时间，故要将 that 改为 when。4and 后加 that 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处 fear 后有两个that 引导的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句中的 that 可以省略，第二个 that 不可省略，故在 and 后加 that。5(
48、2017山西四校联考改编)When Eric got home,I hesitated for a moment and told him that truly happened._6(2017山西大学附中月考改编)The reason is because some students have to get up early on weekdays to go to school far away from home._答案：5that 改为 what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，him 后为宾语从句，且宾语从句中缺少主语，应用 what。6because 改为 that 考查表语从句。
49、The reason is that.意为“原因是”，为固定句型。在该句型中，that 引导表语从句，在句中不充当任何成分。故将 because 改为 that。7The woman said what she didnt know how to deal with the matter._8(2016辽宁沈阳三测改编)I once wondered that my wise father could be taken in by my stupid lie._答案：7what 改为 that 或删除 what 考查宾语从句。句意：这位女士说她不知道怎样处理这件事。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，
50、应用 that 引导宾语从句，that 可省略。8that 改为 why 考查宾语从句。句意：我对聪明的父亲竟然被我这种愚蠢的谎言所欺骗感到疑惑。根据该句中的 wondered 可知，应用 why 引导宾语从句。9The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed until next week._10What the players didnt have a good rest shouldnt be an excuse for losing the game._答案：9afternoon 后加
51、 that 考查同位语从句。分析句子成分可知，afternoon后是同位语从句，解释说明 notice 的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，应用 that 引导，引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略，故加上 that。10What 改为 That 考查主语从句。句意：选手没有休息好不应该是输掉这场比赛的借口。分析句子结构可知，应用 That 引导主语从句，that 在从句中不作任何成分，只起引导作用。.短文改错Last week,our class was in duty in the school cafeteria for student self-management.On the first
52、day,I was shocked to see so much leftover food throwing away by students.Concerned about them，we discussed how to solve the problem.Lots of good ideas were came up.Finally，we all agreed wall newspaper would be one of the best choice.The next day，towards lunchtime，we put up the wall newspaper outside
53、 the school cafeteria，call on students not to waste food.Many students gathered to read and expressed their support.To my greatly delight，there were changes soon.In the cafeteria，I found the trays returned all empty.Food was saved but the dining hall was cleaner.Seeing this，I felt relieved and proud
54、 of which we had done.答案：Last week,our class was i non duty in the school cafeteria for student self-management.On the first day,I was shocked to see so much leftover food throwin gthrown away by students.Concerned about themit，we discussed how to solve the problem.Lots of good ideas were came up.Fi
55、nally，we all agreed a wall newspaper would be one of the best choic echoices.The next day，towards lunchtime，we put up the wall newspaper outside the school cafeteria，cal lcalling on students not to waste food.Many students gathered to read and expressed their support.To my greatl ygreat delight，there were changes soon.In the cafeteria，I found the trays returned all empty.Food was saved bu tand the dining hall was cleaner.Seeing this，I felt relieved and proud of whic hwhat we had done.