1、第2讲介词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2020全国卷)Oranges: Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.2(2020全国卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.3(2019全国卷)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been e
2、mployed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.4(2019全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.1考查介词的基本用法；2考查固定搭配中的介词。短文改错1(2020全国卷)Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. co
3、me后加to2(2020全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together on every day. 删除on3(2019全国卷) When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. chemistry后加in/at4(2018全国卷).unwilling to play the games for them.forwith1固定搭配中介词的错用；2介词与
4、其他词搭配不当以及介词的缺失或多余。考点一常考介词的用法题组试做.单句语法填空1(2020成都摸底)Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class on March 1st on movable type.2(2020浙江省名校新高考研究联盟联考)Pemberton decided to sell it as a drink rather than a medicine. .单句改错3(2020衡水中学高三第一次联考)He thanked for me again and again. I smiled and sa
5、id it was nothing.删除for4(2020湛江市调研)In the afternoon, sometimes I went swimming on the river.onin5(2020南充市统考)I had practiced for it many times, but I didnt think I had done a very good job.删除 for6(2020合肥调研)After that，we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own.lived后加on要点解读
6、1表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间的点、时刻等。at 6：00 oclock在6点钟；at daybreak在黎明 on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon在周一下午；on a rainy day morning在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century在 20世纪；in winter在冬季；in September在9月；in the morning在上午since时间点自从以来for时间段 长达during 在期间until/till 直到by 到为止；
7、不迟于in/after时间段 在之后。“in时间段”常与将来时连用；“after时间段”常与过去时连用before 在之前over 在期间；直到结束Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.简很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。In Britain，its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。易错提醒1当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词
8、修饰时，通常不用任何介词。2“on/upon名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一就”。2表示方位的介词介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内on表示“在上”。(反义词beneath)across表示“从的表面穿过；在对面”through表示“从的内部穿过”over表示“从的上面跨过”(反义词under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词below)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little scream.狗跳过几丛灌木看到
9、小溪。The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。3表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔4表示“除之外”的介词(短语)介词用法besides意为“除之
10、外(还有)”，相当于in addition toexcept意为“除之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语but 意为“除之外”( except)apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except forother than意为“除之外(别无)”Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。易错提醒1but常用于nobody，none，no one，noth
11、ing，anything，everyone，all 之后；作为连词，后接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。2besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。3except还可用作连词，后接从句。5表示原因的介词(短语)for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result ofThe openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owing to bad weat
12、her，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。易错提醒上述短语都可作状语，due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。6其他常考的介词介词用法against违背，反对；倚靠；以为背景，衬托beyond(范围、限度)超出，为所不能及by程度或增减的幅度；按计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从来看；赞成，支持with和在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在内without没有off(表示位置)在的外面；(表示
13、方向)偏离；从离开She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力。考点二常考介词短语及搭配题组试做.单句语法填空1(2020南充市统考)I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.2(2020哈尔滨第三中学第一次验收
14、)Start with single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs.3(2020河北五个一名校联盟第二次联考)Do you want to keep up with the latest research and discoveries in science?.单句改错4(2020宜宾市第一次诊断)In my surprise, he just stared at me, looking puzzled.InTo5(2020郑州第三次质量预测)He would give the flowers to his mother
15、 with person.within要点解读高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：1与名词的搭配at a time每次，一次at a loss 困惑，不知所措at first sight乍一看at table在吃饭by mistake错误地by the way顺便说in charge主管，看管in return作为回报in turn依次；转而in shape健康状况良好in trouble 处于困境中on purpose故意地on holiday在度假in time及时，迟早on
16、time准时 on average 平均in honour of为向表示敬意 in place of代替in memory of为了纪念 in addition to 除了by hand 手工on the contrary与此相反on account of 由于on behalf of 代表approach to 的方法visit to 到的访问for the sake of为了by means of 借助the reason for 的原因lack of 缺乏by accident/chance 偶然beyond ones reach够不着in advance在前头，事先，预先in the
17、long run从长远来看beyond description 无法形容out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡to ones surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是under construction/consideration在建设/考虑at the cost of 以为代价in support/favor of支持，支援in terms/view of鉴于，根据for the purpose of 为了目的for the benefit of为了的利益on the way to在去的路上on the basis of 以为基础2与动词的搭配
18、answer for 对负责apply for申请call at 拜访(地点)refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅result from 由于suffer from遭受approve of赞成 complain of 抱怨consist of 由组成 dream of 梦到think of 想起；考虑到 call on 拜访(某人)depend/rely on 依靠 result in/lead to导致belong to 属于 date from/back to 追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做protect.from 保护不受伤害suc
19、ceed in 在方面成功3与形容词的搭配 be aware of 意识到 be proud of 以为荣be tired of厌倦be angry with sb.对生气be eager for 渴望 be absent from 缺席be ashamed of对感到羞耻be sure of 对有信心；确信be familiar with sth.熟悉be familiar to sb.为所熟悉be patient with 对有耐心be pleased/satisfied with 对满意be popular with sb.受欢迎be strict with sb.对严格be addic
20、ted to 对上瘾；沉溺于be available to 对可用；可供使用be beneficial to 对有益处be devoted to 致力于，献身于be similar to 与相似be confident in 对有信心be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心be crazy about 热衷；着迷be curious about 对好奇be particular about 挑剔be suitable for/to适合于4其他搭配far from 远非 once in a while 偶尔up to 达到；由决定 in spite of 尽管；虽然after all
21、 毕竟，终究ahead of (时间，空间)在前面；领先5易错的搭配with the help of在的帮助下under the leadership of在的领导下the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章a hole in the wall 墙上的洞a bird in the tree树上的鸟apples on the tree树上的苹果tickets for the concert音乐会的票in the direction of朝着的方向set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样【技法点拨】在语法填空中：1“是否宾语”作依据介词必须要接宾语，宾语通
22、常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则空格处要考虑填介词。2“四种方法”来确定所填介词(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系；(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法；(3)根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without；(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。在短文改错中：1熟练掌握介词的基本用法，即介词后用名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语。做题时，观察句中是否有这一类词，以此确定所改词是否是介词；或句子中介词是否缺失或多余，以便添加或删除。2观察句中名词、动词、形容词等的前后的搭配，然后根据介词与它们的搭配来判断是否
23、误用，还是多词或漏词，解题的关键是掌握一些固定搭配和固定短语。3检查副词前是否多加了介词。.单句语法填空1The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with “有，具有”。2The driver managed to escape _ the vehicle and gave a warningplease bypass the accident car.from句意：那名司机设法从车里逃了
24、出来并发出警告事故车辆，请绕行。escape from “从逃出”。3Some people use handwritten letters in preference _ typing because theyre more personal and represent your sincerity.to句意：一些人使用手写的书信，而不是打印信件，因为手写信件更个性化，也代表你的真诚。in preference to意为“而不是”。4Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _ putting too much pre
25、ssure on them.without句意：父母需要在不给孩子们施加太多压力的情况下鼓励他们发展自己的潜能。without “没有”。without doing sth. “没有做某事”。5Although the price has gone up by 5%, its still _ the limit set by the government.within句意：虽然价格已经上涨了5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within “在之内”，符合句意。6Sorry, madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting
26、 hours now.beyond句意：对不起，夫人。你最好明天来，因为现在已经超过探视时间了。beyond意为“在较远的一边，超出”，符合句意。7Our school has developed various beneficial sports activities _ classes to refresh students.between句意：在课间休息时，我们学校开发了各种各样的有益的体育活动来让学生放松。between用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上。课间是指两节课之间，因此应用between。8 _all the animals Ive eve
27、r had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.Of句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两条狗对口头语言最敏感。此处of用来表示范围，意为“在之中”。.单句改错1We went to swim in the river in a very hot day so we were all tired._第二个inon有定语修饰时，day前用介词on。2Under your help, I finished my job on time so the manager praised me._UnderWith句意：在你的帮助下
28、，我按时完成了我的工作，经理表扬了我。with ones help相当于with the help of sb. 是固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”。3Please help with me and give me some advice on how to learn English well._删除withhelp为及物动词，故删除with。4More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space._第二个infor句意：因为缺乏空间，大城市里建起了越来越多的高层建筑。for lack
29、of固定短语，意为“因为缺乏”。5She moved back home to care about her elderly parents._aboutfor句意：她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。care for “照料”，care about “在乎”。.语法填空(2020安顺市第一次联考)Today my daughter and I went to a parking lot 1 _(sell) some of our eggs.Its an 2 _(extreme) cold day.As we pulled into the parking lot, there was a man
30、3 _(sit) by the roadside, holding his bike, and he held up a paper on 4 _he had written “I will work for food”He was still there as we left the parking lot, and I asked my daughter, “Should we get him some food or some money？” and she said, “Yes, lets.”So I pulled up next 5 _him, got out of the car,
31、 and gave him all my egg money.I still had another dozen 6 _(egg) in the car, so I asked if he wanted them, 7 _unexpectedly, he said no.He still had half a dozen and he didnt want 8 _(donate) from others more than he needed.I felt 9 _(freeze) through and through just standing there talking with him
32、for a minute, and he must be sitting there for hours.Im glad we 10 _(stop), Im glad I got out of the car and talked with him for a few minutes.I hope he has a warm place to sleep tonight.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者和女儿去停车场卖鸡蛋时遇到了一个饥饿穷困的男人并给予了帮助的故事。1to sell此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。2extremely此处extreme要修饰形容词cold，故用副词形式。
33、3sittingsitting是v.ing形式，此处用作定语，修饰man。4which此处为定语从句，所填关系词前有介词，故填which，which指前面的paper。5to此处是固定搭配，next to在旁边。6eggs其前面有“another dozen”修饰，此处应用复数。7but根据上下文可知，此处应是转折关系，故填but。8donation(s)此处用名词形式donation，用作want的宾语。9frozen/freezing此处的frozen是过去分词，但可以当作形容词理解，表示“感到寒冷的；冻僵的”；同时freezing也可以表示“寒冷的”。10stopped此处stop是指之
34、前作者正准备走时，看到这个人还在那里而停下来和他说话，所以是过去时态。故填stopped。.短文改错(2020广西毕业班大联考)Our city sets up a project about environmental protection three years ago.Many people have been taken part in it since it was run.It is obvious what peoples awareness of environmental protection are increasing.Some people think factory
35、owners have much responsibility for preserve the environment.Environmentalists have made many statement to support their own opinions so far.Some factory owners focus on enlarging production in order to make a largely amount of money.Their actions have resulted from much pollution.I think they shoul
36、d be punishing by law.I want to be environmental expert to make a contribution to protecting our beautiful homeland.【答案】Our city up a project about environmental protection three years ago.Many people have taken part in it since it was run.It is obvious peoples awareness of environmental protection
37、increasing.Some people think factory owners have much responsibility for the environment.Environmentalists have made many to support their own opinions so far.Some factory owners focus on enlarging production in order to make a amount of money.Their actions have resulted much pollution.I think they should be by law.I want to be environmental expert to make a contribution to protecting our beautiful homeland.
