1、北京市东城区2015高考英语阅读类训练（5）及答案阅读理解。In business, there is a speed difference: Its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size .Companies
2、 fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make
3、sure they were on the right track, Whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet p
4、erforming better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may
5、be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. They
6、 encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didnt develop team spirit among their employees, and had little ti
7、me thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . That kind of strategy must come from the top.( ) 1. What does the underlined part “
8、gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Increase the speed. B. Get an advantage. C. Reach the limit. D. Set a goal.( ) 2. The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means _. A. spending more time and performing worse.B. spending more time and performing betterC. spending less ti
9、me and performing worse D. spending less time and performing better ( ) 3. What can we learn from the text? A. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.B. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.D. Firms guide
10、d by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.( ) 4. Which could be the best title for the text? A. Improve quality? Serve better. B. Deliver value? Plough ahead.C. Reduce time? Move faster. D. Need speed? Slow down.【参考答案】1-4、BDCD完形填空-（A）Loving Kindness Is Twice BlessedI felt glo
11、omy (沮丧的) the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy, and I just didnt feel so 1 . As I was sitting at my desk, I 2 it was the birthday of a dear long-time friend a single, middle-aged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loves her 3 . Knowing that she doesnt have family in
12、 town, I 4 to give her a call. Sure enough, she was on B-shift, 5 to work late into the evening, and wouldnt have 6 of a birthday this year. As always, 7 , she sounded cheerful and was happy that I 8 . After I hung up, I couldnt 9 the feeling that she would really appreciate a little attention on he
13、r special day. 10 feeling a little gloomy myself, I tried to put it out of my mind, but as the day passed I couldnt shake the thought. I 11 gave in, and that evening set off to the hospital with a card, a cheese cake, and some balloons. My friends grateful smile and joyful surprise 12 me Id done the
14、 right thing and were a generous 13 for the little effort it had taken. When I got home, I realized that not only had I cheered up a 14 friend on her birthday, but my own gloomy feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had 15 my own! Isnt that the way it is 16 we take the time and make the 17 t
15、o do something for someone else? Its like the little saying, “Loving kindness is twice blessed; it blesses him who gives, and him who 18 .”Cheering up people on their birthdays isnt the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with 19 to take an extra step or do a kind dee
16、d that will make a difference to 20 . And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the better for us too.( ) 1. A. specialB. positiveC. nervousD. proud( ) 2. A. explainedB. complainedC. rememberedD. informed( ) 3. A. familyB. trainingC. workD. school( ) 4. A. decidedB. continuedC.
17、 agreedD. refused( ) 5. A. surprisedB. disappointedC. boredD. prepared( ) 6. A. muchB. manyC. littleD. few( ) 7. A. though B. besidesC. thereforeD. otherwise( ) 8. A. admittedB. called C. succeededD. apologized( ) 9. A. experienceB. imagineC. shakeD. understand( ) 10. A. AlmostB. EvenC. NeverD. Stil
18、l( ) 11. A. luckilyB. finallyC. unhappilyD. hardly( ) 12. A. convincedB. advisedC. promisedD. reminded( ) 13. A. responseB. contributionC. rewardD. share( ) 14. A. carelessB. lonelyC. weakD. curious( ) 15. A. troubledB. takenC. wastedD. made( ) 16. A. whenB. whereC. whyD. how( ) 17. A. suggestionB.
19、friendC. effortD. call( ) 18. A. triesB. receivesC. expectsD. cares( ) 19. A. opportunitiesB. dreams C. choicesD. regrets( ) 20.A. someoneB. somethingC. everyoneD. everything1. B. positive意为“乐观的”，此处的didnt feel so positive 与上文的felt gloomy相符。2. C. 记起。3. C. 从事护士职业30年，很喜欢她自己的工作。4. A. 我决定给她打个电话。5. D. 她是B
20、班，准备工作到深夜。6. A. 不会有太多的时间过生日。7. A. though 意为“虽然”。8. B. 她因我打电话而高兴。9. C. shake 意为“动摇”，下文26空前有提示。10. D. 作者仍然感到沮丧，与文章开头相呼应。11. B. 最终。12. A. 使我相信我做对了。13. C. 她的笑容和惊喜是对我慷慨的回报。14. B. 作者没有家人在镇里，所以孤独，与19空前内容相符合。15. D. 与make her day 相符合。16. A. 当我们付出时间和努力的时候。17. C. 同上。18. B. receives 与 gives 相对应。19. A. 生活为我们提供机会
21、。20. A. 对某个人产生影响。阅读理解-C82012广东卷 I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babys point of view. Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar l
22、evel lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. It is not just unkind but also dangerous
23、 to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. Wha
24、t is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. Well, at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on deman
25、d do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in the ea
26、rly 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeding style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope this
27、 research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices. 31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _. Asick Bupset Csleepy Dhungry32. What does the author think about Dr King? AHe is strict. BHe is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea. DHe sets a timet
28、able for mothers.33. The word copperbottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_. Abasic Breliable Csurprising Dinteresting34. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand? AThe baby will sleep well. BThe baby will have its brain harmed. CThe baby will have a low blood sugar le
29、vel. DThe baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.35. The author supports feeding the baby _. Ain the night Bevery four hours Cwhenever it wants food Daccording to its blood sugar level【要点综述】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了怎样喂婴儿，是根据婴儿的需求还是按照时间表。根据调查研究发现，按照婴儿的需求喂婴儿要比按照时间规定喂婴儿要好很多。31. D细节理解题。从第二段The baby asks for att
30、ention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.看出婴儿哭是因为饿了。故选D。32. C作者观点题。根据第三段Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.看出
31、作者认为Dr Frederic Truby King的观点是不正确的。故选C。33. B词义猜测题。根据本段的research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the a
32、ge of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出这个研究是非常可靠的。basic“基础的，基本的”；reliable“可依赖的，可靠的”；surprising“令人吃惊的”；interesting“有趣的”。故选B。34. D细节理解题。根据第四段By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid time
33、table.看出答案。故选D。35. C细节理解题。本文的第一句(I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly)就提出观点，“反对定时喂婴儿”，最后一句(I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices)希望结束严格按时喂养的习惯。既然是“不定时”，也就是按婴儿需要喂养，故选C。完形填空-（B）Some plays are so successful that they run for yea
34、rs on end. In many ways, this is 1 for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same 2 night after night. One would 3 them to know their parts by heart and 4 have cause to falter（结巴）.Yet5is not always the case.A famous actor in a 6 successful play was once cast in the role of an arist
35、ocrat 7 had been imprisoned in Bastille for twenty years. In the last act，a gaoler（监狱长，看守）would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. 8 the noble was expected to read the letter at each 9,he always insisted that it should be written out in full.One night, the
36、 gaoler decided to play a joke 10 his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the 11 of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed（使显露）the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then，the gaoler 12 with
37、 the precious letter in his hands. He entered the 13and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in14 as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly,15 to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble st
38、ared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then，squinting（眯着眼看）his eves，he said, “The light is 16.Read the letter to me.” And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.17 that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied，“The light is indeed dim，sir. I mus
39、t get my 18”With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrats 19,the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the 20 copy of the letter which he proceeded（继续进行）to read to the prisoner.( ) 1. A. fortunateB. unfortunateC. happyD. unhappy( ) 2. A. linesB. wordsC. playsD
40、. roles( ) 3. A. wantB. askC. expectD. wish( ) 4. A. alwaysB. neverC. sometimesD. often( ) 5. A. suchB. the thingC. oneD. this( ) 6. A. highlyB. highC. poorlyD. poor( ) 7. A. whereB. whatC. whichD. who( ) 8. A. BecauseB. Even thoughC. WhenD. Though( ) 9. A. playB. performanceC. roleD. case( ) 10. A.
41、 withB. inC. onD. to( ) 11. A. pagesB. jokeC. linesD. contents( ) 12. A. appearedB. disappearedC. came outD. came in( ) 13. A. roomB. cellC. stageD. office( ) 14. A. EnglishB. FrenchC. orderD. full( ) 15. A. wordedB. surprisedC. anxiousD. afraid( ) 16. A. brightB. dimC. darkD. out( ) 17. A. To seeB.
42、 To findC. SeeingD. Finding( ) 18. A. glassesB. linesC. lightD. letters( ) 19. A. surpriseB. satisfactionC. angerD. amusement( ) 20. A. usualB. oldC. unusualD. new1B提示：剧目成功，以致连续上演好几年，这对可怜的演员来说可倒霉了。因为下文说他们必须夜夜重复同样的台词，故unfortunate（不幸的，倒霉的）为最佳答案。2A提示：重复同一台词是令人厌烦的。3C提示：expect意为“期待，认为”。人们认为演员一定要把台词背得烂熟。4
43、B提示：人们认为演员绝对不会结巴的。5B提示：指代前面所说的情况。6A提示：high意为“高的”。highly意为“高度地，极为”。7D提示：此处先行词为人，故要用who引导定语从句。8B提示：尽管那个贵族每场戏都得念一遍那些信，但他还是坚持要求将信的全文写在信纸上。even though引导让步状语从句，比though语气更强。9B提示：在下文第三段有暗示。10C提示：play a joke on sb意为“戏弄某人”。11D提示：熟记信的内容。12A提示：appeared意为“出现，露面”，此处指上场。13B提示：cell意为“牢房”，在上文有暗示。14D提示：in full意为“全文”，这在第二段已有暗示。15C提示：狱卒热切地观察着，急于想了解他的同事是否熟记了台词。16B提示：“光线太暗”这是贵族委婉而又聪明的托辞，因为他记不住台词。17D提示：分词短语作状语，表示时间。当狱卒发现自己连一个字也记不得时，也找了个借口。18A提示：下文：“with a pair of glasses”作了暗示。19D提示：“much to ones表示感情的名词”结构，有“给某人带来很大的”的意思，此处狱卒的表现使贵族感到可笑。20A提示：the usual copy平时使用的那封信。