1、语法填空解题技法面面观技巧一 慧眼识别标志词1(2017课标)My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school _(come)first.分析：comes 由时间状语at the moment可知，这里是指现在发生的事情，因此用一般现在时。2(2015全国卷)This cycle _(go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)
2、for the outside temperatures.分析：goes 根据标志词day after day日复一日，表示经常性动作，故此处用一般现在时。3(2014全国卷)In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It _(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.分析：was 根据上文时间标志词1969，可知这件事发生在过去，故用一般过去时。4(2017浙江台州期末考试)We _(reduce)emission of
3、 air pollutants in recent years,but cars are still major source of them.分析：have reduced/have been reducing 由句中的时间状语 in recent years 可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。技巧二 平行谓语做参考5(2017浙江6月)Pahlsson and her husband _(search)the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.分析：searched but为并列连词，根据but后的 turned u
4、p nothing可知，search的动作发生在过去，所以填searched。6(2017聊城检测)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also _(give)us a sense of fair play and team spirit.分析：gives 考查时态。not only.but also连接两个平行结构，因此所填动词与makes一致，故填gives。7(2017陕西检测)When facing the other-or situation,I smiled and _(decide)to t
5、rust my heart.分析：decided and连接两个并列谓语，故decided与smiled并列。技巧三 主从时态须呼应8(2016全国卷)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.分析：were believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语，主句用了一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时，又因主语是knives，故填were。9(2017泰安检测)Mr White _(teach)in our school f
6、or nearly forty years before he retired last month.分析：had taught before“在之前”，从句用一般过去时，主句动作先于从句谓语动词发生，故用过去完成时。技巧四 细心体会辨语境10(2017全国卷)Fast food _(be)full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.分析：is 此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，food为不可数名词，故填is。11(201
7、6浙江)While online shopping _(change)our life,not all of its effects have been positive.分析：has changed 主语是online shopping，结合语境以及后面的have been可知，这里要用现在完成时。技巧五 固定句式要记牢12(2017天津)I _(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.分析：was driving 此处是be doing.when.结构，意为“正在做，这时(突然)”。由从
8、句的谓语动词found可知，主句应用过去进行时。13(2017沈阳监测一)This was the first time I _(experience)sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again.分析：had experienced 考查动词的时态，This/That/Itwasfirst(second.)timethat从句中用过去完成时。根据“This was the first time”可知，从句用过去完成时。14(2017梧州一模)I say to him with a cheerful smile,“Go to exerci
9、se and you _(feel)better.”分析：will feel 此题考查时态，祈使句and/or陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。短文改错设题角度类类通类型一 动词时态和时间状语不一致1(2017全国卷)When summer came，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!_分析：camecomes 主句为一般将来时，时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来；summer为可数名词单数，故用comes。2(2017全国卷)I had grown not only physically，but also m
10、entally in the past few years._分析：hadhave 由时间状语in the past few years可知，此处应用现在完成时。3(2017湖北八校第一次联考)But yesterday we have an argument about the football clubs._分析：have改为had 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语yesterday可知，该句应用一般过去时，故动词用过去式。类型二 并列动词形式不一致4(2017湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)Finally,I work harder than ever and made great pr
11、ogress in my math._分析：workworked 由后面的made可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。5(2015全国卷)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop._分析：tellingtold telling和saw是并列关系，故形式需要和saw保持一致。6(2014全国卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music._分析：satsit sat和前面的lie是并列关系，故形式需要
12、和lie保持一致。类型三 时态、语态混用7(2017安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)This morning,I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up._分析：pickingpicked 考查动词语态。根据语境可知，pick up和句子主语book构成动宾关系，故用被动式。8(2015课标)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious prob
13、lem._分析：去掉been studies与show之间为主动关系，不需要用被动语态。9(2017课标)About one month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club._分析：tooktaken；becomebecame 本句中有两处错误，this photo和take之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以be动词后应用过去分词；句中and连接两个并列的成分，形式应保持一致，由entered可知，be
14、come应改为became。答题必备关键点考点一 时态高频考点一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时1(2017北京)People _(have)better access to health care than they used to，and theyre living longer as a result.分析：have 这里讲述的是一个客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语是表示复数意义的people，故填have。2(2016四川)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mothers Day.We get up early in the mornin
15、g._分析：getgot 根据上句中的planned可知，事情发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。3(2017浙江金华十校9月模拟)Doctors and scientists _(learn)a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.分析：have learned 根据in the last thirty years可知，本句应用现在完成时。1一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性动作、客观事实或存在的状态要想到用一般现在时；As we all know,the sun rises in the east and sets in the wes
16、t.众所周知，太阳东方升起西方落下。It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even have to wait outside.吃饭时间顾客很多，一些人甚至必须在外面等。2一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般过去时；When I was at school,I often went to the cinema on Sundays.我上学时，周日经常去看电影。(2)常见句型Its high time that.“早该了”。It is time that sb.did sth
17、.“该了”。It is一段时间since.did sth.It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。It is/has been three years since he joined the army.他参军3年了。3现在完成时(1)表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其产生的影响或结果现在还存在；或持续到现在的动作或状态要想到用现在完成时；Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.在过去的 10 年
18、中我们的城市发生了很大变化。(2)固定句式中It/This/That is the first/second.time that.结构中的从句部分用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次游览这座城市。This is形容词最高级名词that.结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。考点二 时态低频考点过去完成时，现在进行时；过去进行时，一般将来时1(2016浙江)Silk _(become)one of the
19、 primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.分析：had become by about 100 BC 是时间状语，这里强调到公元前一百年为止，所以要用过去完成时。2(2017浙江湖州期末考试)One day,when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he _(bathe)inside,the volcano erupted unexpectedly.分析：was bathing 由前面的“I was drawing diagrams”可知，本句应用过去进行时，而且 an
20、d 连接的并列句要保持时态一致。3(2017山东邹城一中月考改编)That was the first time I _(be)to Hong Kong so I had great difficulty finding the hotel.分析：had been 句意为：那是我第一次去香港，因此我在找酒店时遇到很大的困难。It is/was the first time that sb.have/had done sth.意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，本题中主句时态为一般过去时，that引导的从句应用过去完成时。4(2017江西重点中学第一次联考)I will keep the habit
21、of taking regular exercise,such as running,swimming and various ball games.During my holidays,I would travel to my dreamlands._分析：wouldwill 根据上文I will keep可知，此处讲述将来的事情，应用一般将来时，故将would改为will。1过去完成时的用法(1)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，即“过去的过去”时要想到用过去完成时；Before he went to college,he had read several English book
22、s.他上大学前就读过好几本英文书。(2)过去完成时的常用句型It was the first/second.time that.这是第一/第二次It was the third time that the boy had been late.这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。Hardly/Scarcely.when.,No sooner.than.(主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时)一就Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。“By the time从句(从句用一般过去时)，主语had done”，“By the
23、end of表示过去的时间名词，主语had done”，by表示过去的时间名词等。By the time Jack returned home from England,his son had already graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。2现在进行时的用法表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作要想到用现在进行时；I dont actually work here.I am helping out until the new secretary comes.我实际上不在这里工作。我目前在这里帮忙一直到新秘书来。3过去进行时的用法表示过去某一时
24、刻或某段时间正在进行的动作要想到用过去进行时；I walked slowly through the market,where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.我慢慢地走过市场，市场里人们在卖各种各样的水果与蔬菜。我认真地研究了价格之后，买了些我所需要的。湖南4一般将来时的用法表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般将来时；Dr.Smith,together with his wife and
25、daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子、女儿们一起游览北京。陕西I hope you will behave yourself at the dinner party.我希望你在晚宴上将会表现得大方得体。考点三 语态高频考点1(2016全国卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I _(allow
26、)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.分析：was allowed 根据it was可知，此处用过去时态，主语I与allow之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.分析：be made chopsticks和make之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空格前有might，所以用be made。3(2016四川卷)The giant p
27、anda _(love)by people throughout the world.分析：is loved 主语the giant panda和动词love之间是被动关系，且由后面的by.结构可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。4(2017武汉武昌区调研)As a foreigner,I _(absorb)and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.分析：was absorbed 考查动词时态和语态，此处描述当时旅行的情景，故应用一般过去时；由by.结构可知，作者被吸引住了，故应用
28、被动语态。5(2015天津卷)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement _(reach)so far by the two sides.分析：has been reached 句意为：尽管经过了前几轮的商讨，到目前为止双方仍没有达成一致意见。句中的so far是现在完成时的时间标志短语，agreement与reach之间是被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态。1被动语态是高考考查的重点，语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：(1)主语和谓语的关系一般分为两种：主谓关系和动宾关系。主谓关系使用主动语态，动宾关
29、系使用被动语态。(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be done。(3)做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。(4)被动语态与时态结合，形成各种时态下的被动语态：被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”构成，be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化列表如下：时态时间 一般进行完成 现在am/is/are过去分词am/is/are being过去分词have/has been过去分词过去was/were过去分词was/were being过去分词had been过去分词将来shall/will be过去分词_shall/will have been过去分词过去将来shoul
30、d/would be过去分词_(2015福建)To my delight,I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.使我高兴的是，我从成百上千申请参加开幕仪式的人员中被选了出来。2不能用被动语态的特殊动词(1)系动词类，如 look,seem,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,appear 等；You reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。(2)表示主语特征的词，如read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock,break
31、,catch,cut,drive,open,wash 等，常与 hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。This pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来很流畅。课堂巩固训练.单句语法填空1(2017河北唐山一次调研)Al was a skilled artist with a wife and two fine sons.One night,his older son _(develop)a severe stomachache.分析：developed 句意：Al是一名艺术精湛的画家，他有妻子和两个可爱的儿子。一天夜里，他的大儿子患了严重的胃痛
32、病。根据时间状语one night可知设空处需要用一般过去时，故填developed。2(2017河北石家庄二中联考)So far,I _(organize)several English activities of my class successfully,which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.分析：have organized 句意：到目前为止，我已成功组织了我们班的几场英语活动，它们受到了老师和同学的赞许。根据本句中的So far(到目前为止)，可推知设空处应该用现在完成时，故填have organize
33、d。3(2017太原一模)At first,both of them joined together and the frog _(lead)his friend towards the pool in which he lived,and didnt stop until he reached the side of the water.分析：led 考查动词时态。与上文joined呼应，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。4(2017山西晋商四校联考)They had to wait and _(hope)that someone would come and help them.分析
34、：hoped 句意：他们不得不等待，希望有人来帮助他们。设空处与had to wait并列作谓语，根据and前面的had判断设空处应为一般过去时，故填hoped。5(2017河南豫南九校质量考评)She said she _(notice)a big change in me and wondered why.分析：had noticed 句意：她说她已经注意到了我的巨大变化并想知道为什么会出现这种情况。设空处notice的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。6(2017江西九江十校二次联考)However,thanks to the international agree
35、ment,there _(be)much less illegal hunting since 1990.分析：has been 句意：然而，多亏了这项国际协议，自从1990年，非法捕猎少了很多。根据时间状语since 1990可推知设空处用现在完成时；本句主语hunting为单数第三人称，故填has been。7(2017河北正定中学月考，66)On their way to Sichuan,a full range of activities will _(hold)分析：be held 句意：在他们去四川的路上，一系列的活动将被举行。本题考查被动语态。activities与hold为被动
36、关系，故用被动语态。8(2017辽宁葫芦岛六校协作体考试)Like a car that has to _(fill)with gasoline,living things have to eat again and again.分析：be filled 句意：正如汽车需要加油那样，生物也要不停地补充能量。has to后需加动词原形，a car与fill之间为被动关系，故填be filled。9(2017河北七所名校联考)The market,which _(call)Train Night Market Ratchada in English,was opened in January 20
37、15 and has become a popular spot for locals and tourists.分析：is called 考查时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时；which(指代The market)与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。10(2017湖北八校第一次联考)On my previous visits my travel _(limit)to the three major cities of Beijing,Shanghai and Chongqing.分析：was limited 考查动词时态和语态。limit和句子主语my trav
38、el构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态；由空前的“previous visits”可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。11(2017湖北襄阳一次调研)Whistling by listeners _(regard)as a sign of approval in some countries.分析：is regarded 句意：在一些国家，听众打口哨被认为是表示赞同。主语 whistling 与 regard 为逻辑上的被动关系，故用被动语态。本句表示的是现在的现象，故用一般现在时，故填 is regarded。12(2017江西九江十校二次联考)When they destro
39、y a farmers crops,the farmer must _(pay)compensation.分析：be paid 句意：当它们破坏了农民的庄稼时，农民一定要被支付赔偿金。主语farmer与pay为被动关系，故设空处需要用被动语态；设空处前为情态动词must，故设空处填be paid。.单句改错1(2017贵阳监测)Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday.When we were walking past the stalls,a loud noise was caught my atte
40、ntion._分析：删除was 考查动词语态。主语a loud noise与catch之间构成主谓关系，表主动，故删除was。2(2017洛阳统一考试)When Dad came home,he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened._分析：hashad 考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。3(2017安徽百所重点高中二模)Its not the people you cameacross in your daily life who will stand by you in time of
41、 need._分析：camecome 根据全文主要时态为一般现在时以及此处描述通常的情况可知，此处应用一般现在时。4(2017郑州第一次质量预测)When I get home,I said to my parents,“Everything was great about the camping.I want to be a teacher like Anna in the future.”_分析：getgot 考查动词时态。由said可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。5(2017河南毕业班适应性考试)The incident had happened on my way to
42、a bookstore on a rainy Sunday afternoon._分析：去掉had 句意：事情发生在一个下雨的周日下午我去一家书店的路上。根据时间状语“on a rainy Sunday afternoon”可知本句谓语动词应该用一般过去时而非过去完成时，故将had删除。6(2017江西红色七校二联)We spend a few hours digging holes and planting the young seedlings.Then we wrote our wishes on cards one by one and buried them under the ro
43、ots of the trees._分析：spendspent 句意：我们花了几个小时挖坑，种幼苗。然后我们一个接一个地将我们的愿望写在卡片上并将其埋在树根下面。根据“wrote”，“buried”可知spend发生在过去，需用一般过去时，故将spend改为spent。7(2017江西九江十校二联)One day my mother persuading me to live at school to learn to be independent,preparing for the future life._分析：persuadingpersuaded 句意：一天，我母亲说服我住校以便学会独
44、立，为未来生活做准备。本句中没有谓语动词，根据时间状语One day可知本句谓语动词应该用一般过去时，故将persuading改为persuaded。8(2017山西重点中学协作体一模)As students,we often take exams at school,and sometimes we have many exams that is too difficult for us._分析：isare 句意：作为学生，我们在学校经常参加考试。有时我们会有很多对我们来说很难的考试。“that is too difficult for us”为定语从句，先行词为exams，从句的谓语动词要
45、与先行词保持数的一致，故需将is改为are。9(2017福建龙岩3月质检)In my opinion,cell phones are neither good nor bad.It depend on how we use them._分析：dependdepends 句意：我认为，手机不好也不坏。那取决于我们如何使用它们。第二句讲的是一种理论，故用一般现在时。主语it为单数第三人称，故需将谓语动词depend改为depends。10(2017河南天一大联考)Seeing this,I touched and appreciated the kindness he brought to the world._分析：touchedwas touched 句意：看到这个，我很受感动，对他给这个世界带来的善良表示感谢。主语I与touch之间为被动关系，故需用被动语态；根据appreciated可知需在touched前加was。