1、第1讲名词和数词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2020浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.2(20201月浙江卷)For Japan，the numbers (number) are more striking22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 20503(20
2、18全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)4(2017全国卷)She has turned down several invitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to conce
3、ntrate on her studies.1给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；2给出数词的基数词，考查其序数词。短文改错1(2020全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. chopstickchopsticks2(2020全国卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. vacationsvacation3(2018全国卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our
4、family game night. FridaysFriday4(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.eighteeneighteenth1可数名词单复数的错用；2可数名词与不可数名词的误用；3名词与名词所有格的误用；4序数词和基数词的误用。考点一名词的数题组试做.单句语法填空1(2020绵阳联考)The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs(roof) in the cold and f
5、reezing winter. 2The pianos(piano) in the other shop will be cheaper，but they are not as good.3Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets.4I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with pa
6、ssersby (passerby)5An ant has two stomachs (stomach). One holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants.单句改错6(2020太原阶段测评)It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effective communication.languagelanguages7(2020合肥第一次质量检测)My favourite spor
7、t is swimming, so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend, Wang Fei and Li Lei.friendfriends要点解读一、名词单数变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况加smapmaps；girlgirls；househouses；mouthmouths以th结尾的词，加smonthmonths；truthtruths以s，x，sh，ch结尾的，加esclassclasses；boxboxes；brushbrushes；matchmatches但是stomach(胃)的复数
8、是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i加escitycities；countrycountries；partyparties；factoryfactories注意：以元音字母y结尾的则直接加s，如boyboys；toytoys以“辅音字母o”结尾的词一般加estomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes；heroheroes；NegroNegroes；mangomangoes注意：1少数名词加s或es均可，如volcanovolcano(e)s；mosquitomosquito(e)s2少数名词只加s，如pianopianos；photop
9、hotos以“元音字母o”结尾的词，加sradioradios；zoozoos；bamboobamboos以f，fe结尾的词，通常变f或fe为v，再加eshalfhalves；leafleaves；shelfshelves；thiefthieves；wolfwolves；wifewives；lifelives；knifeknives但是也有的直接加s，如roofroofs；chiefchiefs还有两种复数形式的，如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数son
10、inlawsonsinlawpasserbypassersbystorytellerstorytellersgobetweengobetweensgrownupgrownups二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化变化情况例词特殊变化childchildren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice；manmen；womanwomen注意：由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是men和women，如an Englishmantwo Englishmen；但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法细菌bacterium(单数)bac
11、teria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)phenomena(复数)考点二名词的所有格题组试做.单句语法填空1(2020江西五校第一次联考)In addition, the hostess(hostess) cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.2The article concludes that parents (parents) education affects their childrens future.3
12、“Todays (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said.4Wed better stay in a hotel that is just a stones (stone) throw from the railway station for the sake of convenience.5Studies show that a childs (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment.单句改错6(202
13、0福州质量检测)But with my teammates encouragement, I was able to communicate smoothly with them.teammatesteammates7My father new book, which is to be published next week, is sure to be another hit.fatherfathers8I deleted an afternoon work on the computer by mistake, which made me annoyed.afternoonafternoo
14、ns要点解读名词的所有格1有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加s。his fathers boss 他爸爸的老板2表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加s，表示其所有格。todays paper 今天的报纸Englands shore 英国的海岸the cars design 这辆车的设计3在某些习惯用语中，也需要加s所有格。a stones throw 近在咫尺keep sb. at arms length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be at ones wits end 黔驴技穷4如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加s。Jane
15、 and Marys mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Janes and Marys mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)5双重所有格：“a/two/some .名词of名词s/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。a friend of her mothers 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片考点三数词基数词与序数词题组试做.单句语法填空1(2020枣庄模拟)Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth(fi
16、ve) century.2The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth (ten) floor.3Saturn is the second (two) biggest planet in the solar system.4Each year, hundreds (hundred) of the animals are killed for their fur.5Im a frequent traveller and I eat out twice (two) a day.6It has been snowing, rou
17、ghly every third (three) day, for as long as Ive had the flu.单句改错7In the twenty century，local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals.twentytwentieth8Today, experts believe that nearly twothird of the worlds population live within eighty kilometers of the seacoast.twothirdtwothi
18、rds9Some men are old at sixtyfive; others are still as lively as crickets in their ninety.ninetynineties要点解读一、基数词和序数词1表数量的数词叫基数词，如one, two, three，.2表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first, second, third, fourth, fifth，.二、基数词变序数词的规则1一二三要单独记：onefirst, two second, three third2th要从四加起：four fourth, five fifth，.3eight少个t：eight
19、 eighth4nine删除e：nine ninth5ve用f来代替：five fifth, twelve twelfth6ty变成tie：twenty twentieth三、序数词的使用1序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Monday is the second day of a week. 星期一是一周的第二天。2序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。Would you like a second cup of tea? 你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple.我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。3first, secon
20、d等有时可表示一批人或物。The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母用复数。1/3: one third，2/5: two fifths.单句语法填空1The hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by _ (mouse) and rats.mice根据后面的rats可知，空白处要填入mouse的复数形式mice。2The system reflects the sea
21、sonal characteristics of annual natural _ (phenomenon) and farming activities.phenomena根据后面的activities可知，空白处要填入phenomenon的复数形式phenomena。3Police were reported to have seized all _(copy) of this mornings edition of the newspaper.copies根据句意可知，空白处要填入copy的复数形式copies。4Here he sat, with his pipe between hi
22、s _(tooth) and both hands resting on his knees.teeth根据句意可知，空白处要填入tooth的复数形式teeth。5Barber shops have been opened in most big hotels in foreign countries；guests can go to the _ (barber) to have a haircut directly. barbers句意：国外大部分大的酒店都有理发店，客人可以直接去那里理发。the barbers 指“理发店”，故填barbers。6Its about an _ (hour)
23、 drive from our school to the city center, but it takes more time at the weekend.hours一个小时的车程“an hours drive”。7On his _ (twelve) birthday, Philip decided to give up eating meat.“I dont think its right to eat animals，”he said.twelfth考查序数词。第十二个生日“twelfth birthday”。8Next season will be my _ (nine) in L
24、iverpool and I still have one year left on my current contract.ninth考查序数词。我的第9赛季“my ninth (season)”。9If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus _ (two) the size can hold!twice考查数词。“想象一下两倍于它大小的一辆公交车能容纳多少人！”表两倍大为twice the size。.单句改错1(2019全国卷)All the football player on the playgroun
25、d cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football._playerplayers所有的足球队员，应用复数players。2Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and then reflects off the earth surface in the form of heat._earthearths地球的表面“the earths surface”。3After a moment hesitation, the young man reached out his hand to gree
26、t the stranger._momentmoments一会儿的迟疑“a moments hesitation”。4Last winter I went to Zhangjiakou，where I had lots of funs skiing in the rocky mountains._funsfunfun是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 5(2019全国卷)Then，when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much._fivefifth五年级
27、“the fifth grade”。6It costs Mr. Black five thousands dollars a year to maintain this house._thousandsthousandthousand表示具体数字时，不能用复数形式。.语法填空Last week, in support of the battle against COVID19(新冠肺炎)in Wuhan, my classmates and I started a campaign named “Lucky Money Plan”，1_turned out to be worthwhile a
28、nd 2_(benefit). Learning that the protective equipment was badly needed from TV, I was determined to take 3_(measure)to deal with this worrying situation. After careful consideration, a good idea hit me that I could raise some money 4_(buy) medical supplies for Wuhan.Without delay, I posted my advoc
29、ating (支持)letter on the school website，5_(call)on all my fellows to take an active part in it. Much 6_my surprise, all of them showed great interest and donated all their lucky money. I ordered a lot of medical necessities on the Internet, and these items 7 _(deliver) to Wuhan directly.A few days la
30、ter, I received a telephone call from the hospital. The doctor spoke highly of 8_we had done, saying our 9_(kind)and our support strengthened their determination to wipe out the virus. Hearing these words, I felt 10_ (extreme)excited and proud.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者为了支持武汉抗击新冠肺炎，和同学们开展了“压岁钱计划”活动，用筹集的压岁钱购买
31、医疗必需品运往武汉。作者为自己的所作所为感到自豪。1which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，句子主干是my classmates and I started a campaign，句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是Lucky Money Plan，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导，故填which。2beneficial考查形容词。和and前的worthwhile并列，在句中作表语用形容词，故填beneficial。3measures考查名词复数。measure表示“措施”时用复数形式，“采取措施”是take measures，故填measures。4to buy考查
32、非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语。5calling考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句中已有谓语动词posted，此处用非谓语动词。句中主语I和动词call是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填calling。6to考查介词。表示“令某人吃惊的是”是固定短语to ones surprise，故填to。7were delivered考查时态语态。根据Last week和全文时态可知用一般过去时，句中主语these items和动词deliver是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，与主语一致，故填were delivered。8what考查宾语从句。句意：医生高度赞扬了我们所做的事。空处引导宾语从句，
33、从句中缺少宾语，用what引导，故填what。9kindness考查名词。此处作say的宾语，且由our修饰用名词。故填kindness。10extremely考查副词。此处表示“非常兴奋”，修饰形容词excited和proud用副词，故填extremely。.短文改错(2020广西柳州市高三上学期英语摸底考试)Ten years ago, my hometown is a small and poor city with few factories.And the citizens had few choice on transportation.However, nowadays my h
34、ometown has taken on brand new look with rapid development of culture and economy.The citizens living conditions have been greatly improve and their lifestyles are different from in the past.Shop online has become popular.When they comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of tr
35、avelling beside public transportation.The best change is which all the people are living a hopeful life with confident.【答案】Ten years ago, my hometown a small and poor city with few factories.And the citizens had few on transportation.However, nowadays my hometown has taken on brand new look with rap
36、id development of culture and economy.The citizens living conditions have been greatly and their lifestyles are different from the past. online has become popular.When comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of travelling public transportation.The best change is all the people are living a hopeful life with .