1、专题08 代词的基本用法一、 it, this, that, these, those, 的指代 1. I lost my pen and I havent found it yet, so I decide to buy a new one. 上文说过的东西，下文再提，用it, 如果是强调，可以用that; 而one则表示同一类中的任何一个东西或人。复数形式，it是them, that是those, one是ones。一直没有说出来的事物下文需要解释的时候，用this。What I want to emphases is this: the doctor . 我想要说的是：大夫.。The d
2、octor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.Ait BsheCwhichDhe2. 上文中提到过的事物，下文再提，如果是同一类而非同一个的时候，用that（不可数名词或可数名词单数）, 复数用those（可数），也可以用the + 名词复数来表示。Few pleasures can equal that of a cold drink on a hot day. (the pleasure)These squids are bigger than those I bought last
3、 week. These homegrown apples taste better than the ones from abroad.(可以用those代替)上文提到过的事物（可数名词），下文如果再提，是同一类，但是不是相同的事物的时候，不特指某个，用one去替代。Id prefer a small house in a small village than one in large cities.(a house) The book seems to be more a dictionary than one on grammar. 针对演练： 1. Meeting my uncle i
4、s an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure.A. other B. others C. one D. ones2. The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get _ completely free. A. other B. others C. one D. ones3. Charles was alone at home, with _ looking after him. A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one4. There are various su
5、mmer camps for holidays,you can choose _based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it5. Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to_ of McDonalds. A. thoseB. onesC. anyD. all6. If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?A. one B. such C. t
6、his D. that二、不定代词everybody, everyone, someone, anyone, nobody, something, anything everything, nothing.这里我们要强调的是这些不定代词在具体语境中的含义。You are really something. 你还真了不起。-Do you think you are somebody? 你以为你是什么了不起的人物啊？-No, I am nobody. 没，我也是小人物。针对演练:1. Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but_tonone. A.someth
7、ingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing2. I got this bicycle for _;my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing3. There is _in his words. We should have a try. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything4. I know that _would ever discourage hi
8、m; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 三、 不定代词both, either, neither, all, every, each, none, all 这一组词汇，在用的时候，一定有数据暗示，表示两者，或者两者以上。1. -Would you like tea or coffee? -_,thank you. Ive just had some water. A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither
9、2. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do. A. either B. any C. neither D. none3. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside. A. each B. every C. other D. another4. Sophia waited for a reply, but _ ca
10、me. A. either B. another C. neither D. none5. My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.AnothingBnoneCno one Dneither四、 不定代词Few, such, any, many, a lot, much. 不定代词,常用作主语或者宾语使用， 例如：There is a lot (much) we can do. 能做的还有好多。Such is my story. 这就是我的故事。五、 相互代词one, another,
11、 each other, some, others, the other one, the other one another another some others each other one, the others 从提示中可知，other一定是和两部分有关，another可以无限追加。根据上面的提示，请完成下面的填空。1. Somepeopleliketorestintheirfreetime._liketotravel. 2. Thesupermarketison_sideofthestreet. 3. -Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?-No.Illfin
12、ishitin_tenminutes. 4. Ihavesixcolouredpencils;oneisblue,anotherisred,and_aregreen. 5. Therearetwenty-eightstudentsintheclass.Tenofthemaregirlsand_areboys.6.Wehavetenforeignstudentsinourschool.OneisfromAmerica,_isfromAustraliaandall_studentsarefromEngland. 7.Someofthespeakerswentstraighttotheconfere
13、nceroom._speakersarestillhangingaround. 8. Thisisnottheonlyanswertothequestion. Thereare_. 9. I think music is people can get to know _ better. 10. We have morning readings_(每两天）对应试题答案:1.others, 2.the other, 3.another, 4.the others, 5.the others, 6.another, the other, 7.the other, 8.others, 9.each o
14、ther,10.every other day/every two days/every second day六、 强化训练：1. For _ visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays. 2. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than_ of those being born by a massive 50%. 3. The most competent
15、adults are those _ know how to do this. 4. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave soci
16、ally. _is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence.5. As the cards change from _ to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus. 6. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from _another at ti
17、mes. 7. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely _ will follow. 8. Lola doesnt want to be treated differently from _ girls on her team. 9. Day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but _ of them worked. 10. Data about the moons composition, such as how _ ice and other treasures it contains, co
18、uld help China decide whether_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.11. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not. 12._was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.13. In ancient China lived
19、an artist, paintings were almost lifelike. 14. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine _(they)living at a different time in history. 15. _ felt great to be noticed and receive that message of “Hello!”. 16. The government has already permitted the co
20、mpany to use special materials to make _ easier for the vehicle to fly. 17. _ is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe. 18. _ took her five years to earn her medical degree. 19. It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 20. When he
21、brings his speech _ a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise _.21. Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香）of oranges, but _ is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs.22. In some cases, _is not so much the treatment
22、 of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried.23. How much time and money would _ cost to replace the contents of that little wallet? The credit cards, the drivers license, the cash, _ lost to the bus.24. _ is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then pa
23、ragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey,25. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know_. I often found _telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.26. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I di
24、dnt enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought _ abstract left too much room for argument.27. Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? _ of your business! Lunc
25、h is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.28. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.29. Chocolate can better your blood pressure. If _(you) is high, it may help.30. Instead of waiting for _ to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the
26、public for donations and learned how to store and distribute them to the soldiers. 七、 翻译句子：1. This shows how much we depend on water to live, but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.2. Mothers and daughters go through so much yet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write
27、a book together about it all? 3. But in that case, we will learn little about world. 4. Reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.5. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 6. Im secretly rel
28、ieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.7. The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.答案：1.those, 2.that, 3. who, 4.Another, 5.one, 6.one, 7.ot
29、hers, 8.the other, 9.none, 10.much, its, 11. those, 12.It, 13.whose, 14.themselves, 15.It, 16.it, 17.It, 18.It, 19.to reduce, 20.him,21.it,22.it,23. it, all, 24. This, 25. everything, myself, 26. anything, 27. None, 28.which, 29. yours 30. others 参考译文：1. 这表明我们生活依赖水的程度，但是，我们可以做好多去减少对水的应用。2. 母亲和女儿要经历好多事情-可最后一次母女俩坐下来写一本书又是什么时候呢？3. 但是如果那样的话，我们会对世界知之甚少。4. 阅读是作者与读者的交互过程。 每人都要尽最大的努力。5. 但是要记住，为了能更好的了解你的朋友，你需要成长、阅读、反复阅读。6. 我暗自欣慰因为我知道把志愿者的责任分担给众人会有强调的魔力。7. 就在参赛的前夜，我梦见自己甚至都找不到终点线。我突然惊醒，大汗淋漓，精神高度紧张，但是，我准备好的要向自己证明点什么。
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