1、备考2021高考语法填空08疫苗安全03-为什么 COVID疫苗来得如此快？第一部分 练习Usually, vaccines take years to be developed and produced. The COVID-19 vaccines took less 1、_ one year. This is due to a number of reasons, three of 2、_ are explainedby Dr Robert Carnahan from the Vanderbilt University Medical Centre: One, all of the vac
2、cines were manufactured at risk. This means 3、_ they 4、_ (produce) before the clinical trials were even completed. This would never happen in a normal situation. Many of these costs were supported 5、_ various government organizations around the globe. Therefore, the instant that emergency approval w
3、as secured, the distribution could begin.Second, vaccine developers were 6、_ (rapid) analyzing data as they emerged and communicating this in real-time to various regulatory agencies. There are often gaps of months to years 7、_ the various phases of clinical trials due to these activities alone. Thi
4、rd, recruitment to clinical trials is often a slow and laborious process. There have to be people at-risk for the disease in many different demographic and health categories. Due to the immense scope of the pandemic, 8、_ (find) sufficient and appropriate volunteers was rapid. Importantly, the speed
5、did not affect the clinical trials and safety aspects of the process: The size, 9、_ (thorough), and complexity of the clinical trials conducted for the current COVID-19 vaccines were no different than traditional clinical trials. These are as safe as vaccines and interventions developed on much 10、_
6、 (slow) timelines. Dr Carnahan says.参考答案：1、 than 2、 which3、 that 4、 were being produced5、 By6、 rapidly 7、 between 8、 finding 9、 thoroughness10、 slower 备考2021高考科技类时政新闻阅读题源 08疫苗安全03How Scientists Know The Approved COVID-19 Vaccines Are Safe科学家如何知道批准的COVID-19疫苗是安全的导读：Usually, vaccines take years to be
7、developed and produced.The COVID-19 vaccines took less than one year.This is due to a number of reasons, three of whichare explainedby Dr Robert Carnahan from the Vanderbilt University Medical Centre:通常，疫苗需要数年才能开发和生产。 COVID-19疫苗使用不到一年。这是由于一些原因，其中三个原因由范德比尔特大学医疗中心的罗伯特卡纳汉博士解释：双语阅读How come the vaccines
8、were made so quickly?为什么疫苗生产得这么快？Usually, vaccines take years to be developed and produced.通常，疫苗需要数年才能开发和生产。 The COVID-19 vaccines took less than one year.COVID-19疫苗使用不到一年。 This is due to a number of reasons, three of whichare explainedby Dr Robert Carnahan from the Vanderbilt University Medical Cen
9、tre:One, all of the vaccines were manufactured at risk. 这是由于一些原因，其中三个原因由范德比尔特大学医疗中心的罗伯特卡纳汉博士解释：“一种，所有的疫苗.都是“冒风险”生产的。 This means that they were being produced before the clinical trials were even completed. 这意味着它们是在临床试验甚至完成之前生产的。This would never happen in a normal situation. 这在正常情况下是不会发生的。 Many of th
10、ese costs were supported by various government organizations around the globe.其中许多费用由全球各地的各种政府组织提供支助。 Therefore, the instant that emergency approval was secured, the distribution could begin.因此，一旦获得紧急批准，就可以开始分配。Second, vaccine developers were rapidly analyzing data as they emerged and communicating
11、this in real-time to various regulatory agencies. 其次，疫苗开发人员正在迅速分析数据，并将其实时传达给各种监管机构。 There are often gaps of months to years between the various phases of clinical trials due to these activities alone.由于这些活动，临床试验的各个阶段之间往往有几个月到几年的差距。Third, recruitment to clinical trials is often a slow and laborious p
12、rocess.第三，招募到临床试验往往是一个缓慢而费力的过程。There have to be people at-risk for the disease in many different demographic and health categories. 在许多不同的人口和健康类别中，必须有“高危”人群。 Due to the immense scope of the pandemic, finding sufficient and appropriate volunteers was rapid. 由于大流行病的范围很广，迅速找到足够和适当的志愿人员。 “Importantly, t
13、he speed did not affect the clinical trials and safety aspects of the process: The size, thoroughness, and complexity of the clinical trials conducted for the current COVID-19 vaccines were no different than traditional clinical trials.重要的是，速度不影响临床试验和安全方面的过程：“目前COVID-19疫苗的临床试验的规模、彻底性和复杂性与传统的临床试验没有什么
14、不同。 These are as safe as vaccines and interventions developed on much slower timelines. Dr Carnahan says.这些措施的安全性与疫苗和干预措施的制定时间要慢得多。” 卡尔纳汉博士说。A balance of risk风险的平衡Nothing in medicine is 100 percent safe you dont take medication for a disease you dont have or a vaccine against a disease that doesnt e
15、xist.医学上没有什么是百分之百安全的你不会为你没有的疾病服用药物，也不会为不存在的疾病接种疫苗。Dr William Hausdorff from PATH, a global nonprofit public health organisation,explains thatall discussions of safety for vaccines (or medicines in general) have to start with discussions of how serious and frequent is the condition you are trying to
16、prevent or treat.来自全球非营利性公共卫生组织PATH的William Hausdorff博士解释说，“所有关于疫苗（或一般药物）安全的讨论都必须从讨论你试图预防或治疗的疾病有多严重和频繁开始。If the condition is very minor, then even trivial side effects may be not worth it. 如果条件很小，那么即使是微不足道的副作用也可能不值得。 If the condition is very serious, then people will accept much bigger potential sid
17、e effects.如果情况很严重，人们就会接受更大的潜在副作用”。Every medical intervention is a balance of risk vs benefit.每一次医疗干预都是风险与利益的平衡。 Both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have shown 90 percent efficacy at protecting people from COVID-19 in their Phase III clinical trials. 辉瑞和现代疫苗在第三阶段的临床试验中显示90%的功效保护人们免受COVID-19的影响。 This
18、 protection from a virus which has so far caused over 1.7 million deaths globally is also an important consideration when thinking about vaccine safety. 在考虑疫苗安全问题时，保护疫苗免受迄今已在全球造成170万人死亡的病毒感染也是一个重要考虑因素。manufactured adj. 制造的，已制成的v. 制造，加工（manufacture的过去式）emergency n. 紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻adj. 紧急的；备用的复数 emerge
19、nciesclinical adj. 临床的；诊所的recruitment n. 招收，招聘；（自然种群）增长；募集（反应、现象）demographic adj. 人口结构的；人口统计的n. 特定年龄段的人口；（demographics）人口统计数据，人口统计资料复数 demographicsthoroughness n. 十分，完全；彻底discussions n. 讨论，议论复数 discussionsefficacy n. 功效，效力复数 efficacy, efficies或efficacy, efficacities原文地址：本文节选自：EVA HAMRUD, METAFACT作者：伊娃哈姆鲁德，元事实发布日期：2 JANUARY 2021
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