1、十三 Unit 5 Starting out&Understanding ideas【语用训练】.单句语法填空1.As well as _(generate)electricity,the Three Gorges Dam is intended toreduce the potential floods.2.Some samples of the strain in China and Vietnam show its continuing _(evolve).3.Some of the _(evident)they produced was highly suspect.4.Many lo
2、cal people will profit _the development of tourism.generatingevolutionevidenceby/from5.He was greatly _when he heard the old soldiers _story.(inspire)6.Zhang Yimous film,Under the Hawthorn Tree,described the innocent lovebetween a teacher,Jing Qiu,and a _(geology),Lao San.7.(2020全国卷)Our tour also in
3、cludes a chance _(walk)in the footstepsof Van Gogh and Gauguin.8.He was not brave enough _(report)the loss of the documents.9._(suspect)he had a serious medical condition,I persuaded him intoseeing a doctor.10.Later on that day,I saw that there was a difference _us.inspiredinspiringgeologistto walkt
4、o reportSuspectingbetween.选词填空be similar to,be home to,whats more,lead to,a variety of,be crowded with,come to exist,adapt to,be regarded as,in particular1.No one knows when such a custom first _.2.No wonder that it _one of the five best-known mountains in China.3.It is always _customers at meal tim
5、es.Some people even have towait outside.4.Their house _ours,but ours is bigger.came to existis regarded ascrowded withis similar to5.Attracting senior citizens,Florida _the largest population of elderAmericans.6.Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty_new surro
6、undings.7.Why should he notice her car _?8.There are many theme parks and they are famous for _themes in theworld.9.Progress must _a better life and a better way of doing things.is home toadapting toin particulara variety oflead to10._,the seats at the back of the cinema should be placed higher than
7、the ones at the front.Whats more.完成句子1._we saw Lily inthe passenger seat.只有当汽车停在我们房子前面时,我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶座上。2._a mistake had been made.很明显,犯了一个错误。It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house thatIt was evident that3.Tsinghua University,Chinas highest-ranked university,rose from 16th place las
8、tyear to 15th,_.中国排名最高的大学清华大学从去年的第16名升至第15名,将耶鲁大学(YaleUniversity)甩在了后面。4.Meanwhile,both countries are awakening to the problem _.与此同时,两国都开始意识到气候变化将造成破坏这个问题。leaving Yale University behindthat climate changewill cause damage5.People in our country think _not to help but to kick people whenthey are in
9、trouble in other countries.我们国家的人们认为别人在其他国家遇上困难时不去帮忙而是落井下石是丢脸的事。it is a disgrace【主题阅读】.阅读理解A(2021武汉高二检测)When a leafy plant is under attack,it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983,twoscientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees gettingbitten by insects send out a particular smel
10、l that neighboring plants can get.Thesechemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.Whatthe plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when beingat
11、tacked.Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others dodouble duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who arenatural enemies to the attackers.
12、Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attackerwho was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help theneighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors,relatively speaking,stay safer because they heard the alar
13、m and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know.Maybe thefirst plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches,andso,in effect,was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry.So information was exchange
14、d,but it wasnt a true,intentionalback and forth.Charles Darwin,over 150 years ago,imagined a world far busier,noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres a whole lot going on.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,当多叶植物受到攻击时,它们不会坐以待毙,会发出挥发性有机化合物,以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流
15、。1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知,当植物受到伤害时,会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D。2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked
16、.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据“Once they arrive,the tables are turned.Theattacker who was lunching now becomes lunch”,一旦它们到达这里,然后这些原本在进食的攻击者就会成为它们的午餐,根据语境,故选A。3.Scientists find from their studies that
17、plants can _.A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段可知,植物在必要的时候会通过分泌化学物质,通知周围的植物保持警惕。故选B。4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People hav
18、e stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwins time were imaginative.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据“imagined a world far busier,noisier andmore intimate than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres awhole lot going on”可知,这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密,我们认知能力有限,有
19、很多事仍在继续发生,远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。B The worlds biggest COVID-19 vaccine(疫苗)study started on Monday.Atotal of 30,000 volunteers will help test the effectiveness and safety of a shotdeveloped by the National Institutes of Health and drug maker Moderna.The volunteers will each receive two doses(剂量)of a shot.The
20、y will notknow whether they are getting the real vaccine or a false version(版本).Scientistswill then closely follow the volunteers as they go about their daily activities.Theywant to see which group experiences a higher rate of infections(感染),especiallyin areas where the virus still is spreading unch
21、ecked.Volunteers from more than 80 test areas across the country will take part in thestudy.Moderna said the first vaccines were given on Monday morning in Savannah,Georgia.The U.S.government requires its tests of any vaccine that might beused in the country.The aim is not just to test if a vaccine
22、works,but also to checkif it is safe.Through the government-funded COVID-19 Prevention Network,the U.S.plans a new study for vaccine candidates(候选人)each month through autumn.Each will involve 30,000 newly chosen volunteers.The hope is that,by using thesame rules for each study,scientists will be eas
23、ily able to compare the vaccines.InAugust,the U.S.will carry out its final stages of Oxford Universitys vaccinecandidate.The study of Johnson&Johnsons vaccine will start in September.Drugmaker Pfizer also plans to carry out its own 30,000-person study this summer.That is a lot of volunteers needed t
24、o test possible vaccines.But in recent weeks,more than 150,000 Americans have registered to volunteer for the studies,says Dr.Larry Corey.He is with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute in Seattle,Washington.It normally takes years to create a new vaccine from start to finish.But this time,
25、scientists are setting speed records.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了30000名志愿者将帮助测试各大药厂开发的COVID-19疫苗的有效性和安全性。5.What can be learned according to the second paragraph?A.The volunteers will be divided into two groups.B.A false version will influence the volunteers poorly.C.Every volunteer gets two doses of shot at
26、different times.D.Scientists will keep the volunteers in a special place.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知,把志愿者分成两组进行测试。故选A项。6.What do you know about the vaccine test?A.This test involves volunteers from different countries.B.Some volunteers have been injected with the vaccine.C.The aim of the test is to see how
27、 the vaccine works.D.The U.S.government intends to do tests nationwide.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知,有些志愿者已经接种了疫苗。故选B项。7.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The tests need many more than 150,000 volunteers.B.The vaccines made in a hurry have not potential safety issues.C.The vaccine is the best ho
28、pe against the virus.D.It is better to put off using the vaccines on humans.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,科学家想要尽快研制出疫苗,因此推断疫苗是对抗病毒的最大希望。故选C项。8.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.COVID-19 Vaccine Starts Test with VolunteersB.Moderna Are to Develop COVID-19 VaccineC.150,000 Registered
29、to Get COVID-19 VaccineD.COVID-19 Vaccine Gets Support from the U.S.Government【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,Moderna生产的疫苗已经开始测试接种,倒数第二段也提到了另外两个药厂的疫苗也打算开始试验,可以推断出文章主要讲述了COVID-19疫苗开始在志愿者中进行测试。故选A项。.完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2021黄冈高二检测)Imagine youre 19 years old,going to college with some
30、kind of student loan(贷款).Then,you 1 pile of cash.What would you do?Thats 2 whathappened to 19-year-old Jose when he 3 to a Wells Fargo ATM in hishometown.Jose was about to deposit some cash to 4 the cost of an online purchasewhen he looked down and saw a plastic bag filled with money.It was like he
31、wasdreaming.Dream or not,he knew it wasnt his cash to 5.It was a Sunday so he couldnt walk the bag into the 6,so he called thepolice to report the money.The officers came,took the bag,and thanked Jose fordoing the 7 thing.When they got back to the station,they found the cash 8$135,000.The police wer
32、e already 9 at what Jose had done in the first place,butwhen they realized just how much money he had 10,they were blown away.This money could have made a great amount of 11 in his life if he had gonedown the 12 path,but the chose the right one.Jose was 13 with a plaque(匾)from the police department
33、and the mayorand local businesses gifted him with monetary donations,gift cards,and evenfootball tickets.Jose is currently studying for a degree in criminal justice,and his 14 helped him get much closer to his 15 because the police chief hadinvited him to apply for a job as a public service assistan
34、t at the police department.【文章大意】本文是记叙文。本文讲述了19岁的大学生Jose拾金不昧的故事。尽管有贷款,急需钱,Jose还是把拾到的大量现金上交给了警察局。他诚实的行为得到人们的称赞和奖励,也让他离自己的事业更近。1.A.pack up B.put awayC.happen uponD.call for【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:然后,你偶然发现一堆现金。pack up打包,收拾;put away放好,收拾;happen upon偶然发现;call for需要,要求。从下文可知,Jose是偶然发现了别人遗落在提款机旁边的钱。故选C。2.A.gene
35、rallyB.necessarilyC.absolutelyD.exactly【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意:那恰恰是发生在19岁的Jose身上的事情。generally普遍地;necessarily必要地;absolutely完全地;exactly确切地,恰恰。符合语境。故选D。3.A.pulled upB.gave upC.brought upD.got up【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:当他把车停在他家乡的一家富国银行取款机时。pulled up减速停车;gave up放弃;brought up抚养;养育;gotup起床。由a Wells Fargo ATM可推断,Jose
36、停车去取钱。故选A。4.A.checkB.coverC.reduceD.evaluate【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:Jose打算存一些现金支付在线购物,这时候他低头看见一个装满钱的塑料袋。check检查;cover足以支付;reduce减少;evaluate估计。由deposit some cash和the cost of a online purchase可推断,是存钱支付购物账单。“cover the cost of.”的意思是“付的账”。故选B。5.A.withdrawB.keepC.donateD.lose【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:做梦与否,他知道这不是他可以收着
37、的钱。withdraw取(钱);keep保存;donate捐赠;lose丢失。结合上下文,“keepthe cash”这里的意思是“收着这些钱”。故选B。6.A.station B.bank C.owner D.machine【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为星期天银行不上班,他无法把钱送回银行。station车站;bank银行;owner主人;machine机器。根据上文It wasa Sunday so he couldnt可知,银行星期天不上班,因此他不能把钱送回银行。故选B。7.A.cleverB.ordinaryC.rightD.strange【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析
38、。句意:警察来了,拿走了包,感谢Jose做了正确的事情。clever聪明的;ordinary普通的;right正确的;strange奇怪的。拾金不昧是正确的做法,下文but the chose the right one.也是提示,所以这里用“the right thing”。故选C。8.A.resembledB.averagedC.totaledD.indicated【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:当他们回到警察局,他们发现这些现金总共135000美元。resembled像,类似;averaged平均是;totaled总共,总计;indicated表明。由$135,000推断,这里的意
39、思是:钱总共是135000美元。故选C。9.A.amazedB.disappointedC.puzzledD.embarrassed【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:起初警察吃惊于Jose所做的事情,但是当他们意识到他上交了多少钱时,他们被深深地打动了。amazed吃惊的;disappointed失望的;puzzled困惑的;embarrassed尴尬的。Jose拾金不昧这件事情起初让警察感到吃惊。故选A。10.A.given awayB.wastedC.accumulatedD.turned in【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。given away泄露,捐献;wasted浪费;accu
40、mulated积累;turned in上交。根据上文可知,Jose上交了捡到的钱。故选D。11.A.differenceB.troubleC.effortD.fortune【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:这些钱本可以让他的生活产生很大不同,如果他选择另一条路,但是他选择了正确的道路。difference不同;trouble麻烦;effort努力;fortune运气。“make a great amount of difference”的意思是“产生很大影响”。在文中指这么大一笔钱能够让Jose这个穷学生的生活产生很大不同。故选A。12.A.sameB.easyC.otherD.usual
41、【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。same同样的;easy容易的;other另一个;usual 通常的。“go down the other path”可以理解为“选择另一种做法”,具体在这篇文章中应理解为“他自己收着这笔钱”。故选C。13.A.presentedB.providedC.satisfiedD.comforted【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:Jose被警察局奖励给一个匾额,市长和当地企业捐赠了金钱,礼品卡,甚至足球票。presented颁发;provided提供,供应;satisfied使满足;comforted安慰。“present a plaque”的意思是“送匾(以
42、示表彰)”。警察局为了表扬Jose,给他颁发了匾额。故选A。14.A.courageB.honestyC.generosityD.patience【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:Jose目前正在攻读刑事司法学位,他的诚实有助于他更接近他的事业 courage勇气;honesty诚实;generosity慷慨;patience耐心。拾金不昧是一种诚实的表现,所以这里选“honesty”。故选B。15.A.degreeB.limitC.potentialD.career【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。degree学位;limit限制;potential潜力;career事业。下文中
43、警察局长给他提供了一份工作,所以这里选“career”。故选 D。阅读填句Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent thespread of infectious disease.1 During a study conducted by Nicas and Best atBerkley University,they counted the number of times people touched their face withtheir hands.2 Whether we are a
44、ware of our actions or not,most of us can agreethat we touch our face with our hands frequently enough.Imagine that you are able to record a full day of your actions.Better yet,reflecton what you did when you woke up yesterday morning.Let me give you an idea ofmy previous morning.I was woken by the
45、alarm clock at 6 am.3 Then Ichecked my phone for messages,turned on the TV for my morning news,startedmaking my coffee and finally hit the shower.It wasnt even 5 minutes from the timeI awoke and I already touched different objects.The point of this is to be aware thateven in our homes we are exposed
46、 to germs in places we dont realize.Luckily,the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs.4 Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue.Unfortunately,there are a lot of areas on our face that do not have the protection of skin such asthe eyes and mouth.Theres a reason to
47、every wise proverb and our parentsannoying us to wash our hands before dinner is not for nothing.5 If you have children,it is even more important to set the examplebecause children are known to learn from adults.Lets start a good habit of washinghands.As for your friends,dont be shy about checking t
48、o make sure their handsare clean.Asking someone if they have washed their hands is caring.Checking tosee if someone has washed their hands will benefit not only that person,but you andyour family.A.Our skin is the first line of defense.B.Several minutes later,I turned off the alarm clock.C.It is eas
49、y for us to admit that we wash our hands regularly.D.They are more self-aware that hand washing should be practiced as needed.E.Most importantly,it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.F.They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.G.Do the re
50、st of your family members,especially children,wash their handsregularly?【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述了洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要。尽管人体对有害细菌具有一定的防御能力,但是我们也要养成洗手的好习惯。1.【解析】选D。根据空前可知,许多医护人员都知道洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要,D项“他们更加意识到应该根据需要洗手”能够承接上文。该选项中的They指的是前一句中的many healthcare workers。故选D项。2.【解析】选F。根据空前可知,在Nicas和Best在伯克利大学进行的一项研究中,他们计算了
51、人们用手触摸脸部的次数,根据空后可知,无论我们是否意识到自己的行为,我们大多数人都认同我们经常用手摸脸,F项“他们发现受试者平均每小时触摸脸部15.7次”能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的They指的是前一句中的Nicas and Best。故选F项。3.【解析】选B。根据空前和空后可知早上6点钟我被闹钟叫醒了,然后我查看了手机中的消息,打开电视听早间新闻,开始煮咖啡,最后洗了澡,B项Severalminutes later,I turned off the alarm clock.(几分钟后,我关闭了闹钟。)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的the alarm clock在前
52、一句中出现了。故选B项。4.【解析】选A。根据空前可知,幸运的是,人体对有害细菌具有惊人的防御能力,根据空后可知,我们的白细胞就像士兵一样来营救我们。A项Our skin is thefirst line of defense.(我们的皮肤是第一道防线。)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的defense在前一句中出现了。故选A项。5.【解析】选E。根据空后可知,如果你有孩子,树立榜样就更重要了,众所周知,因为孩子可以向成年人学习。E项Most importantly,it is our duty to set the rightexample for friends and famil
53、y.(最重要的是,为朋友和家人树立正确的榜样是我们的责任。)能够与下文连接通顺。该选项中的set the example在下一句中出现了。故选E项。【方法技巧】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即:要关注空格处前后的内容,然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等,看是否有同词复现,代词的指代等。在本文中,第1小题:D选项中的They指的是前一句中的many healthcareworkers;第2小题:F选项中的They指的是前一句中的Nicas and Best;第3小题:B选项中的the alarm clock在前一句中出现了;第4小题:A选项中的defense在前一句中出现了;第5小题:E选项中的set the example在下一句中出现了。