1、返回目录 Breaking records Unit 1 返回目录 Period Grammar主语返回目录 课堂要点精析课末随堂演练目录Contents 返回目录 课堂要点精析在句中起着不同语法作用的部分，叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分有 9 种，即：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语(主语补足语和宾语补足语)、状语、同位语和插入语。返回目录 主语(subject)是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，是谓语的陈述对象；通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。单数名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。一个动名词、
2、不定式、主语从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。返回目录 一、名词、代词、数词作主语The villagers didnt realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died.直到河里的鱼死了，村民们才意识到污染有多么严重。(名词)They say there are plenty of opportunities out there,so you just need to look carefully and youll find them.人们说那里有很多机会，你只要仔细寻找就能发现它们。(代词)Just o
3、ne in ten qualify for university in this high school.这所学校只有十分之一的学生能进入大学。(数词)返回目录【提示】有时作主语的是名词性或名词化的词或短语。The poor get poorer;the rich get richer.穷者愈穷；富者愈富。The accused was sentenced to death.被告被判了死刑。返回目录 二、动名词作主语Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在上下班高峰开车真令人心烦。三、动词不定
4、式作主语To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.百闻不如一见。How to control the water pollution is a big problem.如何控制水污染是一个大问题。(疑问代/副词动词不定式)返回目录 比较：动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语1动名词或动词不定式作主语时可用 it 代替，而动名词或不定式移至表语或宾语之后以避免头重脚轻。Eating too much is bad for your health.It is bad for your health eating too much.吃得太多对你的
5、身体不利。To learn a foreign language well is not easy.Its not easy to learn a foreign language well.要把一门外语学好不容易。返回目录 2动名词作主语往往表示抽象、经常性、习惯性的动作；而不定式往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.抽这么多烟对你的身体很不好。(具体)Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(
6、抽象)To climb up the mountain will take a long time.爬上这座山要花费很长时间。(具体)返回目录 3常用动名词作主语的句型有：Theres no good/use/fun doing sthIts not any good/use/fun doing sthIts useless doing sthIts worthwhile doing sthIt is/was a waste of time ones doing sth返回目录 常用不定式作主语的句型有：Its difficult important，necessary for sb to d
7、o sthIts kind good，friendly，polite，careless，rude，cruel，clever，foolish，brave of sb to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sthIt seems/appearsadj.to do sthTheres no use talking your trouble to a man like him.跟他那样的人谈论你的烦恼没有用。It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour
8、.在一刻钟内写完作文对我们来说很难。返回目录 四、从句作主语What he said at the meeting is very important.他在会上的发言很重要。How they will do this is what really matters.他们具体会怎样做是真正重要的问题。主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词 that,whether；连接代词 who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever；连接副词 when,where,how,why 等。返回目录 That she became an ar
9、tist may have been due to her fathers influence.她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。(that 不可省略)Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize.无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。返回目录【提示】1.由 that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.It is impossible that he will ref
10、use this piece of advice.他拒绝这个建议是不可能的。2what 引导的主语从句一般放在句首。What you need is a good-sized canvas bag.你需要的是一个大的帆布包。返回目录 3whether 引导的主语从句在句首时，不能用 if 替换；但有 it 作形式主语时，引导从句用 whether 或 if 都可以。Whether they would support us was a problem.It was a problem whether/if they would support us.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。返回目录 课
11、末随堂演练.单词拼写1Obviously,Sue is _(不适合的)to hold a senior position.2Can you _(达到)your goal you have set yourself?3They _(力劝)me to taste the strange fruit which I dislike yesterday.4I _(感激)your giving me so much help with patience.unfitattainurgedappreciate返回目录 5He once _(出价)$400 for an oil painting.6His _
12、(高尚的)example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.7To tell you the truth,youll earn a good _(薪水)from this job.8To me it is a treasured symbol of _(赞赏)and pride that cannot be matched with things.bidnoblesalaryappreciation返回目录 9Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to rec
13、all the _(灵魂)of Qu Yuan.10It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular _(调整by the user.souladjustments返回目录.选词填空ahead of,concentrate on,step forward,in reality,get into,be unfit for,to our regret,make a comeback,every time,be doomed to1I _ when I heard my
14、 name called.2Adrian and his brother graduated with good grades and _ the same top high school.3Bruce seemed to arrive first at the finishing line.But _，he lost the game to Paul.stepped forwardgot intoin reality返回目录 4No one can succeed in this challenging job unless he _ it.5_ she came to Beijing,sh
15、e would visit the Tiananmen Square.6Any attempt to bring down the mass movement for civil rights _ failure.7I must tell you the job _ color-blind.concentrates onEvery timeis doomed tois unfit for返回目录 8Hillary Clinton lost the last election but hoped to _ next time.9_，we wont be able to attend your b
16、irthday party.10Henry generally stayed _ the others in the academic subjects.make a comebackTo our regretahead of返回目录.语法与写作1_(步行)is a good form of exercise for both old and young.2_(时尚因国家而异)may reflect the cultural differences from one respect.3_(一直在等)in the rain for a long time made Susan so angry.WalkingThat fashion differs from country to countryHaving been waiting返回目录 4_(我们大家都知道的)is that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.5Something as simple as _(喝些凉水)may clear your mind and relieve pressure.What is known to us alldrinking some cold water
