1、2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科试题任务型阅读北京卷第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities t
2、hat would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on
3、ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, huma
4、ns developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increa
5、ses your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well. 75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while
6、 for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A. It all depends on your character.B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.C. Being
7、better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewar
8、ds.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.71. F72. C73. A74. E75. G课标卷-1第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes (密码) keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doin
9、g business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For exa
10、mple, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would r
11、ead “13 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is al
12、so hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people
13、 have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.36 40 DEGFA 课
14、标卷-2第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts
15、with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 37 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that requi
16、re less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden a
17、nd Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 39 -how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your c
18、hildhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce
19、that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 36. F 37. A 38. E 39. C 40. G课标卷-3第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people d
20、ont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you
21、should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or tw
22、o. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish. 20 First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(调料). Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutone pound. (Alargeronewilltakemoretime.) Then, itsreadytoserve.A. Donotbuyit.B. Thee
23、asiestistosteamit.C. Thisishowyoucandoit.D. Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E. Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F. Whenbuyingfish, youshouldfirstsmellit.G. Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.36.G 37.D 38.F 39.A 40.B浙江卷第二节：下面文章中有5处（第61-65题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（ABCDE和F）中选出符合各段意思的小题，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。
24、选项中有一项是多余选项。A. Get involved in student activitiesB. Your voice is actually super importantC. There is a significant increase of opportunitiesD. Stay in active communication with your friendsE. Get smart about the people who you spend your time withF. Your major does not matter as much in your first
25、of collegeFive Things Nobody Told Me about CollegeAs I type this , I am in my university dorm room. A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications, I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like. However, theres only so much that
26、prep books, websites, and older friends can teach. Here are the top 5things nobody told me about college:61 Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study. If they tell you otherwise, theyre lying and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of attend
27、ance . During my first quarter at University of California, Riverside (UCR), I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on International Affairs, so thats what I applied for. However, once I worked with statewide and local government, I realized that a better fit for me would
28、be Public Policy, and now I am in the process of changing my area.62 In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations. However, there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something. In order for you to take advantage of the confe
29、rences, research, internships ,and fellowships that your university offers, apply! Step into your academic advisors office, introduce yourself, and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career. Great things happen when you step out of your c
30、omfort zone, and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.63 College is where you meet your birdesmaids, neighbors, and potential bosses. The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later, so he wise about the people who you invest yourself
31、 in . You are only one person, and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposi
32、te of that description.64 As a first-year, I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed. It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quar
33、ter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor, asking him for support towards my initiatives, met with the Vive Chancellors, and coorperated with my teaching assistances to begin my undergraduate research protect. Nothing good will happen when you are silent.65 At my high school, there were about only fou
34、r active club and organizations that students could be a part of. Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCRs campus, where over 400 organizations exist, ranging from political organizations to karate club. You are not paying all or your tuition(学费)to merely go to class, study, pass tests and
35、graduate. Make something worthy out of your experience. Create that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day. It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.61.F 62.C 63.E 64.B 65.A四川卷第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Both men and women are living long
36、er these days in industrialized countries. 36 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and
37、50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.38Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwome
38、ngenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.39Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatend
39、encytoagemorequickly.40AHowever,women,onaverage,livelonger.B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetter
40、life.G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions.36. A 37. G 38.D 39.C 40. E天津卷第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Im a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so
41、 great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words. I went
42、 to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language. I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along. I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was
43、 scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasnt a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.LaterIdecidedtoa
44、pplymypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite.EverydayIpracticedreadingandwriting,whichIusedtoavoidasmuchaspossible.Aftertwohardyears,Iwasliterate.Havinggonethroughthelongprocesswithart,rockclimbing,andreadingandwriting,nowIvegottoapointinmylifewhereIknowIamsmartenoughtodiveintoanareathatistot
45、allyunknown,hard,butinteresting.56. What made the authors school days difficult? (No more than 5 words)57. Why did art give the author confidence? (No more than 10 words)58. What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)59. What is the meaning of the underlined part in
46、Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)60. How does the authors story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. (No more than 20 words)Some possible answers:56. (His) learning disability. Or: Having a learning disability.Or: That he was learning disabled. Or: He had a learn
47、ing disability.57. He could be smart and express himself with clay.Or: Art could help him express himself without words.Or: He could well express himself with clay/art.58. If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.Or: The more you practice something, the better at it you wi
48、ll become. Or: Practice makes perfect. Or: Practice leads to success.59. I could read and write.60. We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard，we will find a way out.Or: The authors story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my life.Or: We should overcome our weakness and fears with courage and determination.