1、限时训练(六).阅读理解A话题：项目介绍难度：Since 1923，the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards have recognized the vision and talent of American youths，and provided opportunities for creative teens to be celebrated.Each year，increasing numbers of teens participate in the program，and become a part of our communityyoung artis
2、ts and writers，filmmakers and photographers，video game artists and science fiction writersalong with countless educators who support and encourage the creative process.Our MissionThe Scholastic Art & Writing Awards are presented by the Alliance for Young Artists & Writers.The Alliance is a nonprofit
3、 organization whose mission is to identify students with exceptional artistic and literary talent and present their remarkable work to the world through the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards.Students across America submitted nearly 320,000 original works during our 2016 program year.Our ProgramsTeens
4、in grades 712 from public，private，or home schools can choose 29 categories of art and writing for their chance to earn scholarships and have their works exhibited and published.DonationHundreds of generous individuals，corporations，foundations and organizations band together to make the Scholastic Ar
5、t & Writing Awards possible year after year.We are extremely grateful to all of you!If youre not a supporter，please join us! Contributions of any amount are greatly appreciated，and go directly toward supporting programs and scholarships for students and are tax-deductible(免税的).语篇解读文章介绍了Scholastic Ar
6、t & Writing Awards 的相关情况，旨在号召更多的人来资助这个项目。1.Teens who want to participate in the program should .A.be recommended by one of its influential community membersB.create their own works based on a specified range of categoriesC.present themselves as being familiar with the mission of the AllianceD.provid
7、e evidence that their works have been exhibited or published before答案B解析细节理解题。根据Our Mission部分最后一句中的“original works”以及Our Programs部分中的“Teens in grades 712 from public，private，or home schools can choose 29 categories of art and writing.”可知，Scholastic Art & Writing Awards的参赛者需要提供原创作品，而且应属于指定的29种艺术或写作范畴
8、。2.The passage is mainly intended to .A.encourage people to submit works to the Scholastic Art & Writing AwardsB.show the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards achievementsC.call on people to support the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards financiallyD.show the popularity of the Scholastic Art & Writing Award
9、s among American teens答案C解析写作意图题。根据Donation部分的内容可知，作者写作本文旨在号召更多的人加入资助Scholastic Art & Writing Awards的行列。B话题：语言难度：Languages will continue to diverge(分化).Even if English were to become the universal language，it would still take many different forms.Indeed the same could happen to English as has happen
10、ed to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesnt vary hugely alongside a large number of variants used by local people.We will continue to teach other languages in some forms，and not just for reasons of practicality.Learning a language is good for your mental health；it forces you to understan
11、d another cultural and intellectual system.So I hope British education will develop a more rational approach to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance.Because so many people believe its no longer important to know another language，I fear that time devoted
12、 to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline.But you can argue that learning another language well is more demanding than，say，learning to play chess wellit involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rules，and also to context.Technology will certainly make a difference to the use o
13、f foreign languages.Computers may，for instance，alleviate the drudgery(单调乏味的工作) that a vast translation represents.But no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can replace knowledge of the different languages.A machine will always be behind the times.Still more important is the fact t
14、hat no computer will ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which carry much of the meaning.In languages like Arabic，context is very important.Languages come with heavy cultural baggage tooin French or German if you missed the cultural references beh
15、ind a word，youre very likely to be missing the meaning.It will be very hard to teach all those things to a computer.All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the worlds population in the 21st century.I dont think foreign languages will really become less import
16、ant，but they might be perceived to beand that would in the end be a very bad thing.3.Whats the authors purpose of quoting someones argument in Paragraph 2?A.To show learning languages is time-consuming.B.To show language teaching methods need improving.C.To explain the importance of rules and contex
17、t in language learning.D.To reveal the similarities between learning language and playing chess.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“.I fear that time devoted to language teaching.a set of complicated rules，and also to context.”可知，有人认为学习语言比学下象棋更费劲，因为语言要求人们对复杂的规则和语境具有一定的敏感性，这就决定了人们需要付出更多的时间来学习语言。4.Arabic，French and
18、German are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate that .A.they are more difficult than EnglishB.they appear to be gaining in popularityC.computers cannot tell meanings beyond wordsD.everybody has access to them thanks to technology答案C解析推理判断题。通读第三段的内容可知，文中以阿拉伯语、法语和德语为例是为了说明语言承载的很多文化信息是计算机翻译所不能传递的。5.Acc
19、ording to the last paragraph，the author might agree that .A.English will be spoken by fewer people in the 21st centuryB.the 21st century will witness the decline of the worlds populationC.people should realize the importance of learning foreign languagesD.the decline of the worlds population leads t
20、o that of foreign languages答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I dont think foreign languages will really become less important”可知，作者认为外语很重要，人们应当意识到学习外语的重要性。C话题：酶难度：Chemists have sped up evolution，harnessing a process that can take millions of years in the natural world and using itin months or weeksto make unusual
21、 molecules(分子) that today are used for everything from “green” biofuels(生物燃料) to cancer drugs.Today that speed and efficiency was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.Frances H.Arnold won half of the 2018 prize for directing evolution in a test tube，speeding up the natural selection of the mos
22、t productive enzymes(酶) to drive chemical reactions.The other half of the prize went to George P.Smith and Sir Gregory P.Winter.All three scientists took Charles Darwins idea of natural selection，in which molecules or organisms accumulate mutations(突变) in a slow，random process，and figured out ways t
23、o identify and select specific mutations that improve the ability of molecules such as proteins and enzymes.By picking and choosing enzymes with improved abilities and repeatedly refining them，Arnold ended up with one that performed 256 times better than the original.“This was a revolution based on
24、evolution，” says Claes Gustafsson，a member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry.“Now you can use these enzymes to speed up reaction and to replace poisonous chemicals.”Arnold began her line of research in the early 1990s.In a speech several years ago，she said the notion of improving on the natural c
25、ourse of evolution was an idea that needed to come from an outsider.“Twenty-five years ago it was considered the lunatic fringe(狂热者，极端分子)，” Arnold said in 2014.“Scientists didnt do that.Gentlemen didnt do that.But since Im an engineer and not a gentleman，I had no problem with that.”Smiths research，b
26、egun in the 1980s，used a bacteriophage(噬菌体).Genes code for proteins，and Smith got his phages to display those proteins on their outer coats.He then used antibodies to fish out the proteins he was interested in.This process is called phage display.The ability to select specific proteins，cycle their g
27、enes back through the phage，and again fish out the best ones sped up natural selection.Winter put the genes for antibodies inside phages，got the phages to produce antibodies on their coats，and used a small molecule to fish out only antibodies that had a particular kind of binding site(结合部位)，so Winte
28、r had developed a way of producing highly efficient antibodies in a short period of time.Because of this，Claes says，“Now we can use antibody drugs with greater efficiency and fewer side effects.” Of the 15 most-sold drugs on the planet，she says,11 are now made by processes based on this method.语篇解读本
29、文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了Arnold取得了关于酶的研究性突破并获得了诺贝尔奖，同时介绍了Arnold所进行的生物酶研究方面的信息。6.Why does the Nobel Prize in Chemistry go to Frances H.Arnold?A.She followed Charles Darwins idea of natural selection.B.She found ways to use viruses to produce powerful proteins.C.She developed a way of producing highly efficient
30、 antibodies.D.She directed evolution and accelerated the natural selection of enzymes.答案D解析细节理解题。通过第二段第一句“Frances H.Arnold won half of the 2018 prize for directing evolution in a test tube，speeding up the natural selection of the most productive enzymes(酶) to drive chemical reactions.”可知，Arnold因为在酶的
31、自然选择上的研究突破而获得诺贝尔奖，故选D项。7.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 imply?A.She was regarded as a lunatic fringe.B.She dared to break through conventional idea.C.She took advantage of her gender(性别).D.She was supported by other scientists.答案B解析句意理解题。根据前文“Scientists didnt do that.Gentlemen didn
32、t do that.”可知，她说科学家们不做突破，绅士们不做突破，然而她是一名工程师而不是一位绅士，所以她不用担心这个。又由前面的fringe可以看出她敢于突破传统观念，故选B项。8.What attitude does Claes Gustafsson hold towards the use of antibody drugs?A.Critical. B.Ambiguous.C.Casual. D.Favorable.答案D解析观点态度题。根据文章最后两句可知，她认为现在的抗体药物很高效、副作用也不大，在世界上最畅销的15种药物中有11种是用这种方法生产的。这表明她持支持的态度。故选D项。
33、9.Whats the best title for the passage?A.Revolution in Evolution Wins 2018 Nobel Prize in ChemistryB.Three Scientists Speeding up the Natural Selection of the WorldC.Charles Darwins Idea of Natural Selection Becoming OutdatedD.Scientists Finding a New Method for Wresting with Cancer答案A解析标题归纳题。本文是一篇说
34、明文，主要介绍了Arnold取得了关于酶的研究性突破并获得了诺贝尔奖，同时介绍了Arnold所进行的生物酶研究方面的信息。故选A项。.任务型阅读话题：教育背景和工作经验难度：Education or ExperienceIf you were given a choice between two candidatesone with a few years of industry experience and the other with excellent qualifications but no “real world” trainingwho would you choose? The
35、res not any easy answer to this question.Those who think education has little connection with success never tire of throwing out the names of famous university dropouts like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs to win their argument，while the supporters of a college education repeat statistic after statistic t
36、o prove its impact on persons employability(就业能力) and earnings.While someone with experience but no formal degree may be favored for certain jobs，he or she may find himself or herself reaching a saturation point(饱和状态) in his or her career earlier and may struggle to advance professionally because th
37、e person is not considered adequately qualified.On the other hand，a college graduate with the best education and book smarts may be completely at sea when it comes to dealing with real-world work situations if the graduate has no earlier industry experience.Companies are getting more and more compet
38、itive with each passing day.Employers neither have the money nor the willingness to make huge investments in developing raw talent.They are more interested in acquiring talented candidates with proved ability，and they look for a complete package at the time of hiring.Thats why someone who has solid
39、educational diplomas as well as real-world experience stands a better chance of making the cut.With the right combination of a successful academic career and relative experience in your field，you could be giving yourself a leg up against the competition.Companies are not just hiring with the aim to
40、fill the current position，but have an eye on the future.If you have not already showed that you have the potential to grow with a job，they may very well pass you up for another candidate who has shown that promise.In short，they see a person who has showed that he or she can rise up the ranks and can
41、 be trusted with more responsible roles.The process of gaining experience has to start somewhere.As a fresh graduate playing the field，you can wait for someone to give you that first chanceor you can work toward getting your hands dirty with some real-world experience before you ever finish your for
42、mal education.There are several ways of doing it: internships(实习)，co-operative work placements，industrial trainings，apprenticeships and more.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。“教育背景”和“工作经验”在人才任用中哪个更重要？这可不是一个容易回答的问题。对此，文中结合社会实际，有理有据地分析了各自的优劣，进行了鞭辟入里的论述，并提出了解决问题的建议和办法。10.答案difficult/hard解析右表内容有关“难以决定是教育背景还是工作经验重要”，即如何选择任用人
43、才确实很难。11.答案easily解析根据第一段第二句“Theres not any easy answer to this question.”可知，究竟教育背景与工作经验之间哪个更重要，这是个非常不容易回答的问题。即我们不能容易地解决这个争论。12.答案effect/influence/impact解析根据第一段第三句中的“Those who think education has little connection with success never tire of throwing out the names of famous university dropouts like Bi
44、ll Gates and Steve Jobs to win their argument”可推知，那些重视工作经验的人认为教育背景对事业的成功不起什么作用。has little connection with是doesnt have much effect/influence/impact on的同义语。13.答案struggling解析根据第二段第一句中“.and may struggle to advance professionally because the person is not considered adequately qualified.”可知，一个有经验的人需要通过奋斗
45、才能成为专业人才。介词by后须跟struggle的动名词形式。14.答案make解析根据第三段第四句“Thats why someone who has solid educational diplomas as well as real-world experience stands a better chance of making the cut.”可知，只有既有文凭又有经验的人才更有可能成功。make the cut是make it(达到预定目标)的同义语。15.答案compete解析根据第三段最后一句“With the right combination of a successfu
46、l academic career and relative experience in your field，you could be giving yourself a leg up against the competition.”可知，只有两者兼备才能在竞争中有一席之地。help sb.(to) do 是固定结构，故用competition的动词形式compete。16.答案potential解析根据第四段第二句“If you have not already showed that you have the potential to grow with a job，they may
47、very well pass you up for another candidate who has shown that promise.”可知，公司只会青睐有工作潜力和前途的人。17.答案promoted解析根据第四段最后一句“In short，they see a person who has showed that he or she can rise up the ranks and can be trusted with more responsible roles.”可知，具有良好教育背景的人会得到提拔晋升并被委以重任。rise up the ranks意为“晋升(军衔)”，与promote同义。18.答案How解析右表内容是针对如何获得工作经验而提供的一些方法，所以用How来提问。19.答案working解析根据最后一段第二句中“.you can wait for someone to give you that first chanceor you can work toward getting your hands dirty with some real-world experience.”可知，你可以通过等待或工作来获得经验。by doing (sth.)意为“通过做而达到什么样的目的”。故用working。
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