1、语言朋友(31)阅读理解Years ago, I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required.The hero invites the bad guy to his home and offers him a glass of water.The man takes the glass and drinks the water.After he leaves the hero dramatically brings out a handkerchief and pic
2、ks up the glass.His expressions show the satisfaction at a job well done.The bad guy will soon be arrested.At that time, I found it amazinghow can prints on a glass identify people? My dad explained that if you were to press your thumb on an inkpad and then on a sheet of white paper you will leave a
3、 smudge or print, which no one else in the world can make.The same would be true for each of your fingers.The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identificationit was used as a signature on important documents, although they had no way of independently matching it with the owner
4、.Each print is oneofakind and no two people have the same characteristic.Scientists and criminologists (those who study criminal characteristics) determine the differences between fingerprints by a careful study of their curves and not by their general shape or pattern.In 1892, an English scientist,
5、 Sir Francis Galton, published a book on using fingerprints to solve crimes.At the same time in Argentina, a police researcher Juan Vucetich was also working towards a fingerprint classification system.However, it was in 1896 that Sir Edward Henry, then serving as Inspector General of Police in Indi
6、a, developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally.Sir Edward Henry and his assistant Khan Haque discovered that all fingerprints could be systematically classified according to their general curve patterns.He divided them into three classes on the basis of their gen
7、eral pattern: loops (箕形纹), whorls (斗形纹), and arches (弓形纹)By counting the curve between any two points in the pattern, each of the ten fingers could be classified into a particular group.Taking the group together as a unit you have a complete system of classifying fingerprints.In June 1897, the world
8、s first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901, Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London, where he applied the system.This system, called the science of fingerprint identification, is still used by police departments all over the world today with few changes.解题导语
9、：文章主要向我们介绍了指纹印证用于犯罪治理的过程。1The purpose of the first paragraph is to show_.Ahow a persons fingerprints are takenBhow satisfied the hero was with his workChow careful detectives should be when workingDhow fingerprints are commonly used to solve crimes解析：细节理解题。根据“I was watching a detective show on TV wh
10、ere the fingerprints of a criminal are required.”可知此段用于引出指纹被用来证实犯罪的事实，故选D。答案：D2Fingerprints were first used in China to _Asign documents Bcapture criminalsCshow respect Dprove identity解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identificationit was used as a signature
11、 on important documents”可知中国人使用指纹是在签署文件的时候，故选A。答案：A3In which country was todays fingerprint classification system developed?AChina. BScotland.CArgentina. DIndia.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“it was in 1896 that Sir Edward Henry, then serving as Inspector General of Police in India, developed the print classificati
12、on system that would eventually be used globally.”可知选D。答案：D4Which of the following is true according to the passage?AThe fingerprint classification system has experienced great changes.BFor more than a century, fingerprints have been applied to crime solving.CHenrys fingerprint classification system
13、 was immediately accepted internationally.DBy comparing the general shape of two fingerprints, one can easily tell their difference.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“In June 1897, the worlds first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901, Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London, wh
14、ere he applied the system.”可知在100多年前指纹已经被应用于解决犯罪的问题，故选B。答案：B5What is the best title for this passage?ADetectives and Criminals.BScientists and Criminologists.CFingerprints and Crime Solving.DResearchers and Fingerprint Patterns.解析：主旨归纳题。根据全文的内容可知主要叙述了指纹用于警察破案，故选C。答案：C语法填空To do nothing is also a good
15、 treatment.In Hippocrates(希波克拉底，医学之父) days, many doctors convinced sick people 6._ (receive) unnecessary treatment.But Hippocrates believed that 7._ you had real evidence that a medical treatment was helpful, you shouldnt use it.In this age of advanced medicine, its much 8._ (hard) for doctors to re
16、sist doing tests or refuse to provide treatmentseven if theyre unnecessary.I often point out to my patients that the best treatment we have is time.If we dont know 9._ to do, lets not just do “something”Doctors have an automatic reaction to tests when 10._ might even lead to harm.Back pain, for exam
17、ple, will often solve itself 11._ three months with such simple remedies (治疗法) as ice, heat, and gentle exercise.A patient may say, “Look, I 12._ (suffer), and you have to do something，”13._ puts the doctor under pressure.14._ result is of course meaningless treatments.It certainly wont help, and it
18、 could cause an allergicreaction.That is why it is 15._ (extreme) important that patients and doctors work together to avoid needless tests or drugs.解题导语：医学之父希波克拉底认为，医生没把握时，不作为也是不错的治疗方法。6解析：convince sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”。答案：to receive7解析：根据语境推知，此处需要连词unless(除非)。答案：unless8解析：much后用比较级。句意：今天和希波克拉底
19、时代相比，医生更难抗拒(为病人)做检测或是拒绝提供治疗。答案：harder9解析：此处填what构成“what to do”作know的宾语。注意不填how。答案：what10解析：此处用代词they，指代上文的tests。答案：they11解析：由语境可知，此处指“在3个月内，不出3个月”，故用within。答案：within12解析：结合语境可知，此处病人说自己“正在受煎熬”，所以谓语动词用现在进行时。答案：am suffering13解析：此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代主句内容。答案：which14解析：用定冠词the特指前文产生的结果。答案：The15解析：用副词修饰形容词，故填extremely。答案：extremely