1、一 Unit 1 Starting out&Understanding ideas【语用训练】.单句语法填空1.Although the Lakers won 118-78 victory tonight over the Houston Rockets inGame 5 at Staples Center,they were in no mood _(celebrate)it.2.To our _(amuse),he came into the office with his sweater inside out.3.She has argued that wild animals shou
2、ld be left in the wild and not be used for_(entertain)or advertisements.to celebrateamusemententertainment4.Im busy,so I have to employ a housekeeper _(look)after my children.5.Entering the meeting room,I spotted Bob _(sit)in the front row and Iwalked to him.6.If you command wisely,youll be obeyed _
3、(cheerful).7.With great _(concentrate)she went through the movements.8.The new drug has great significance for the _(treat)of the disease.9.Sitting there in a well-worn waterproof,she talked with striking_(familiar)of the courts of Europe.to looksittingcheerfullyconcentrationtreatmentfamiliarity10._
4、(examine)my stomach,the doctor prescribed some medicine and advised me to take it after meals.Having examined.选词填空take off,cheer up,in pain,do the trick,concentrate on,look through,more oftenthan not,because of,feel like,do a great job1.We should try our best to _those people after the disaster.2.Th
5、at seemed to _,or at least he thought so.3.I _todays newspaper but I found nothing important.4.Two players are out of the team _injury.5.I really enjoy the play.The students _with the scenery.cheer updo the tricklooked throughbecause ofdid a great job6.I usually slept in on Sundays,but on this parti
6、cular morning,I _getting upearly.7._,these people suffer because they do not practice efficienttime management.8.My father does whatever he can do for me in order that I can _mystudy.9.She couldnt walk straight down the road,obviously _.10.Our flight _at 8:00 am,so we have enough time to go to the a
7、irport.felt likeMore often than notconcentrate onin paintakes off.完成句子1.I _this situation,but I dont know how.我的确想改变这种现状,但我不知道该怎么办。2._不要坐在那里什么也不做。过来帮我收拾餐桌。3.This year,we have read _last year.今年,我们读的书是去年的三倍。do want to changeDont sit there doing nothing.Come and help me with this table.three times as
8、many books as we did4._contributes to my success.是老师的表扬促使我成功的。5._here,Kate has got along well with her colleagues.自从在这里工作,凯特一直和她的同事相处得很好。It is the teachers praise thatSince working【主题阅读】.阅读理解A(2021兰州高二检测)The idea that you can use humor,laughter,and play to make you healthierprobably seems too simple
9、 to be true.However,it is really true and simple.Thesense of humor,laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.Treat the blues with a sense of humor,which is closely tied to laughter.Laughter is infectious.Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yo
10、urself from smiling?When laughter is shared between people,it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is.You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you,and you will feel happ
11、ier just by sharing a smile,even with a stranger.Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy.We are often encouraged to make sure our children play,and are told of the benefits of being out playing.However,what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make
12、play be part of their life as its for children.Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.While the studies are still in the early stages,the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的)falling.【文章大意】
13、本文是说明文。幽默,笑和玩耍有益于身心健康,作者分别就这三个方面对身心的影响进行了阐述,并呼吁人们应该多利用这三个方面,让生活更加美好。1.What can laughter increase according to the author?A.Cognitive ability.B.Good relationships.C.A sense of humor.D.Happiness and trust.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的When laughter is shared betweenpeople,it makes them closer to each other and
14、increases their happiness.andyou will feel happier just by sharing a smile,even with a stranger.可推断出,在作者看来笑能使人们之间的关系亲密。2.What does the author think the old should do?A.They should have a good rest.B.They should play like children.C.They should prevent cognitive falling.D.They should take part in phy
15、sical play.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的However,what we often forget isthat it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as its forchildren.Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness可知,作者认为老年人应该进行身体力行的运动。3.Which of the following would be the bes
16、t title for the text?A.Humor,Laughter and Play for HealthB.Always Keep Our Body HealthyC.Have an Active and Happy LifeD.Let Our Body and Mind Relax【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是以下几处:第一段The sense ofhumor,laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.第二段Treat the blues with a sense of humor,
17、which is closely tied to laughter.Laughter isinfectious.和最后一段Play is an important part of making sure that we stayhealthy.可知,文章分别就幽默、笑和玩耍对身心的影响进行阐述。说明了幽默、笑和玩耍有益于健康这一主题。B(2021芜湖高二检测)Laughter is a kind of universal body language that is shared by people of allnationalities,skin colors,cultures and tra
18、ditions.But did you know that the abilityto tell real laughter apart from fake(假的)laughter also varies among cultures?Greg Bryant,a professor of communication at the University of California,published a study in late July.In the study,884 people from 21 countries were asked to listen to random recor
19、dings of laughter.Some of the recordings were made up of laughs from the bottom of the heart,while others were made by people who were asked to laugh on command.The study showed that people around the world have the ability to pick out real laughter,although their abilities vary from country to coun
20、try.Residents of the Samoan Islands,were particularly good at it,correctly identifying real laughter 56 percent of the time.According to Bryant,people from smaller,less industrialized nations“are more accurate in identifying a natural smile”because they rely heavily on emotional engagement in order
21、to predict others behavior and create stronger social relationships.But how do people from different cultures detect natural laughter so easily?And what characters does real laughter have?As Professor Jessica Wolf of the University of California told the Association for Psychological Science,in real
22、 laughter,we produce qualities,such as higher pitch(音调)and volume,as well as faster bursts of no clear sounds.By contrast,fake laughter will“sound like speech”.According to ScienceDaily,fake laughter is controlled by the same brain system that controls the lips andtongue.Bryant further explained tha
23、t this system has active ability,saying“withthis speech system,you can make a lot of different noises,including crying,laughter or scream.Thats where fake laughter comes from”.So thats something to think about:next time one of your friends laughs atsomething you say,will you be able to tell if its r
24、eal or fake?【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了布莱恩特通过研究发现,尽管各国人民的能力各不相同,但是世界各地的人们都可以通过声音中的微小差异来识别真笑和假笑。文章还说明了真笑和假笑分别具备的特点。4.What did the study find?A.Real laughter is produced from peoples heart.B.People can tell real laughter from fake laughter.C.People have trouble recognizing real laughter.D.Laughter is a kin
25、d of universal body language in the world.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句The study showed that peoplearound the world have the ability to pick out real laughter,although their abilitiesvary from country to country.可知,研究发现了人们可以分辨出真笑和假笑。5.Why are residents of Samoan accurate in identifying natural laughter?A.Th
26、ey put much emotion to knowing others.B.They often predict others behaviors.C.They arent well educated.D.They have a strong social relationship.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中.because they rely heavily onemotional engagement in order to predict others behavior and create stronger socialrelationships.可推知,萨摩亚居民能准
27、确识别自然的笑声是因为他们把很多情感放在了解别人上。6.What characters does real laughter have?A.Clearer words.B.Slower speed.C.Higher sound.D.More like a speech.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中.in real laughter,we producequalities,such as higher pitch and volume,as well as faster bursts of no clearsounds.可知,自然的笑声通常以高音量为特征。7.What can we l
28、earn about the fake laughter system?A.It controls ears and eyes.B.It works like speech systems.C.It encourages people to copy others.D.It can make people produce various noises.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Bryant further explained that this system has active ability,saying“with this speech system,you can ma
29、ke a lot of different noises,including crying,laughter or scream.Thats where fake laughter comes from”.可知,假笑系统可以使人产生各种各样的噪音。C Youre sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠).Suddenly,youre yawning with him,though youre not tired.This phenomenon confused scientists for years un
30、til a recent study found that peopletend to sympathize with fellow humans.Supporting this claim was the discovery thatthose children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did notexperience contagious(有 感 染 力 的)yawning,which showed that humanscommunicate regularly with out words.H
31、ugo Critchley,a neuroscientist,has conducted an experiment recently,which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold.According to Critchley,our minds and bodies are in constant exchange about how were feeling.“Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的)respons
32、es,”he explained.“There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressions.When were in a group,these signals can spread to another person.For example,theres the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise,anger or s
33、adness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”Hugo Critchley further explained,“Our bodies synchronise and when we likethe other person,we ever copy his behavior.Next time you chat with a friend,takenote of how youre sittingits pretty likely that you will be the same.Scientistsbeliev
34、e its our way of telling each other that were partners.Through body language,humans give each other very subtle(微妙的)but clear signals that show emotions.”So,what lessons can we learn from this?“Spend time with happy peopleotherwise your health could suffer,”said Critchley.“When were sad,our bodygoes
35、 into fight or flight mode.But when were happy,our body works normally andwe feel relaxed and positive.So we look bright,our skin glows,we feel healthy andit affects everyone around us.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个人的情绪状态会影响周围的人。8.According to Hugo Critchley,_.A.emotions are as visible as facial expression
36、sB.we yawn more frequently when we have a coldC.emotions are connected with states of internal responsesD.the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Emotions are closely linked with states of internal responses,”可知,情绪与内在反应的状态紧密相连。故选C。9.The underlined wo
37、rd“synchronise”in Paragraph 4 means“_”.A.move slowly B.change rapidlyC.relax temporarilyD.respond accordingly【解析】选D。词义猜测题。画线单词与copy是同义词,且由其释义句Nexttime you chat with a friend,take note of how youre sittingits pretty likely thatyou will be the same.可知,画线单词所在句子意思为当我们喜欢一个人时,我们的身体会同步,会模仿他的行为。故选D。10.From
38、the passage we can learn _.A.sadness is as contagious as happinessB.anger is less contagious than smileC.surprise is more contagious than smileD.surprise is the most contagious among emotions【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“For example,theres the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less ob
39、vious changes that reflect emotions of surprise,anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”可知,微笑的传染力要比惊讶和生气的传染力明显,故选B。11.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.B.Children like copying the act
40、ions of the fellow humans.C.Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning.D.People tend to communicate more with body language.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句This phenomenon confusedscientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize withfellow humans.可知,人们的情绪受同类人的影响,故选A。.阅
41、读填句(2021合肥高二检测)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Getting people to smile is not difficult because most people like to smile.However,if someone is faced with loss or experiencing sadness,they might be lesspossible to smile.1 Praise someone to get them to smile.2 Maybe their hair is styled in
42、anattractive way,or their clothes look nice on them.These are the nice things you cansay to probably get them to smile.3 If you have a family member,a friend or a co-worker that is faced with alife difficulty,pull him/her aside and tell him/her you understand what he/she isgoing through and that you
43、 are there for him/her if he/she needs you.Doing thiscould help the person feel more connected with those around him/her and this iscertainly a reason to smile.Learn to listen.Again,some people may be so troubled by something that it ishard for them to smile.4 Often,when a person can speak out whats
44、 going onin their lives,to someone who is truly listening,it can reduce some of their burden(负担).When their burden is reduced,they have more reasons to smile.Make an unexpected phone call.5 When the person knows someone caresabout him/her,he/she cant help but smile about that.A.Let them know they ar
45、e not alone.B.They may just need someone to talk to.C.So in such cases,how can we get people to smile?D.Tell them everyone experiences hard times in life.E.Perhaps the person you are talking to has nice eyes.F.Usually,it could make an uneasy situation even worse.G.It works especially well if you exp
46、ress your concern about them on the phone.【文章大意】让人们微笑并不难,因为大多数人都喜欢微笑。然而,如果一个人面对失去或经历悲伤,他们就不太可能微笑。在这种情况下,我们如何让人们微笑?文章给读者提供了一些方法。1.【解析】选C。根据上文可知,让人们微笑并不难,因为大多数人都喜欢微笑。然而,如果一个人面对失去或经历悲伤,他们就不太可能微笑。再根据下文的内容是讲述如何使人微笑,C项承上启下。2.【解析】选E。根据前文Praise someone to get them to smile可知,赞美别人可以使他们微笑。E项是对上文“赞美”的示例。3.【解析】
47、选A。根据下文可知,如果你的家人、朋友或同事正面临生活上的困难,把他/她拉到一边,告诉他/她你理解他/她的经历,如果他/她需要你,你会在他/她身边。A项符合本段文意,让他们知道他们并不孤独。4.【解析】选B。根据下文可知通常情况下,当一个人可以向真正在倾听的人说出他生活中发生的事情时,可以减轻他们的负担。B项符合上下文语境,他们可能只是需要一个可以说话的人。5.【解析】选G。根据上文Make an unexpected phone call可知,打一个意想不到的电话。再根据下文When the person knows someone cares about him/her,he/shecan
48、t help but smile about that.可知,G项符合上下文语境,如果你在电话里表达你对他们的关心,效果会更好。【补偿训练】(2021佛山高二检测)The British are known for their sense of humor.However,it is often difficultfor foreigners to understand their jokes.The main point to remember is that theBritish often use understatement.Understatement means saying le
49、ss than you think or feel.For example,if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain,he might say,“Its a little damp outside.”Or,if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person,someone else might say,“She isnt exactly friendly.”Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make a
50、nother person look silly.Understatement plays an important part in British humor.Another key to understanding British humor is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accide
51、ntally falls over in the street.They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society.They like to make jokes about their accents,the way they dress and the way they behave.Whats more,the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society.The c
52、omedies series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humor.Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990.Mr Bean doesnt talk often,and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh.Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does thin
53、gs that adults in the real world cannot do.Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humor.Because of this,many people have become familiar with the British sense of humor.【文章大意】本文是说明文,文章作者以影片憨豆先生为例,介绍了英式幽默的特点以及理解英国人的幽默的两个关键点。1.W
54、hy is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?A.The British often use overstatement.B.The British try to understate something.C.British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.D.British jokes are connected with many different cultures.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中it is often difficu
55、lt for foreigners to understand their jokes.The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.可知,外国人往往很难理解英国人的笑话是因为英国人经常使用轻描淡写的说法。文章中的understatement与选项B中understate是同根词,选项B中“understate something”是文章中“use understatement”的语意转换。2.The author explains understatement by _.A.describing
56、 a processB.making comparisonsC.following time orderD.using examples【解析】选D。推理判断题。第二段中,关于英国人的轻描淡写,文章举了两个例子For example,if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain,he might say,“Its a little damp outside.”Or,if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person,someone else might say,“She isnt exac
57、tly friendly.”。因此可以推断,作者是通过举例说明英国人的轻描淡写。3.Mr Bean makes others laugh by _.A.using his body movement and facial expressionsB.making jokes about others accentC.copying how others behaveD.telling funny stories【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中Mr Bean doesnt talk often,andinstead he uses his body movement and facial e
58、xpressions to make people laugh.可知,憨豆先生不是通过说话,而是通过他的肢体动作和面部表情让人们发笑。4.What can be the best title for the text?A.British Humor in ComedyB.Humor in Different CulturesC.Understanding British HumorD.Developing Your Sense of Humor【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句提到“要理解英国人的幽默,要记住英国人通常对一些事情是轻描淡写”;第三段中提到“理解英式幽默的另一个关键是,英国人喜欢拿自己和别人开玩笑。”因此文章是介绍理解英国人的幽默的两个关键。因此文章标题应该是“理解英国人的幽默”。故选C项。
