1、人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)injectsandstormdrought landslide slippery crack predict extinct occur distribute terrible shortage challenge irreversible frighten decoration strike issue layer warning (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)slippery，layer，issue，shortage，irreversible，extinct，cr
2、ack，sandstorm， drought， landslide1The frozen snow was so slippery that it was hard to keep ones feet.2The branches are weighed down by a heavy layer of snow.3We saw several extinct volcanoes on our trip to Japan. 4Researchers found an almost total crop failure and a severe shortage of drinking water
3、.5This is a big issue: we need more time to think about it.6A sandstorm is a strong wind in a desert area, which carries sand through the air.7Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests.8The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.用所给词的适当形式填空1The Red Cross or
4、ganized the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing in the disaster area.2His son was injected (inject) with strong drugs.3Why not just change your artwork to prevent this problem from occurring (occur)4It is impossible to predict (predict) what will happen.5Hundreds of rescue workers are bei
5、ng sent to the stricken (strike) area.6She was terribly (terrible) hurt when it happened.7When you were a child, were you frightened (frighten) of the dark?8The minister gave a warning (warn) that war might break out.9Im ready to do all those things which are more challenging(challenge)10It doesnt a
6、ctually do anything, and its just there for decoration (decorate)二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解AIt took me a moment to realize what had happened. Three days had passed and Rita seemed to get weaker and weaker. The rain had stopped. However, the sky was still cloudy, and it was so dark that I couldnt see the buildin
7、gs even across the road. I took a pressure reading from the weather station：947mb, which let me know exactly where I was in the eye of the storm.There were rains and winds still, but not oppressive (难以忍受的) anymore. There was still no power, hot water or food. Besides, I didnt sleep well for all thes
8、e days, but I felt more relaxed since the weather report said Rita was leaving. Whats more, I was luckier than those people who had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less severe.
9、 I arrived in Houston after a tricky journey with my fuel supplies almost all gone. However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol. He helped me and we shared our working experience these days. With a complete stroke of luck I found a rundown hotel that allowed me to
10、have a room overnight before the midnight. Although there was no running water, no power and no air conditioning, I curled up into a corner and fell asleep quickly.I woke up the next morning, and what a change! The sky was blue and cars were moving around. Sirens could be heard as convoys (护航队) of e
11、mergency managements started to head west towards where I had come from. “The storm had stopped and I could go home. I gave all my remaining supplies to other people at the hotel and headed towards the airport. Houston Airport was not damaged, so I took my flight and drank my first hot drink in four
12、 days.”All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although its dangerous, I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.语篇解读：本文描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴丽塔，他对自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感到非常骄傲。
13、尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作。1We can know from the passage that “Rita” is .Aa petBa stormCa friend of the author Da citizen in Houston解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句可知，天气预报报道丽塔正在离开，但它让许多人失去了家园，甚至是生命。结合第一段最后一句可知，“Rita”是一场风暴，故选B项。2What can we infer from the passage?AThe author was a storm chaser.BThe storm lasted for
14、at least a week.CThe author didnt like Houston at all.DHouston was very badly damaged by the storm.解析：选A推理判断题。由第三段第三句可知，作者也是一位风暴追逐者，故选A项。3How did the author probably feel after the storm?AAnxious. BDisappointed.CSatisfied. DScared.解析：选C细节理解题。由文章最后一段第一句可知，经历这次风暴之后，作者感觉很满意，故选C项。4What is the passage ma
15、inly about?AWays to survive in a storm.BThe weather changes in Houston.CThe authors experience in the storm.DDamages caused by the storm in Houston.解析：选C主旨大意题。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴丽塔，他对自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴感到非常骄傲。故选C项。BA sandstorm refers to a high amount of wind occurring in sandy areas, usually in deserts, w
16、here the wind speed is able to lift the top layer of sand from the ground, and push it in every direction. The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m 15.24m.It is very dangerous to experience a sandstorm. Sand can get into the nose, eyes, mouth and lungs. If you happen to be
17、 caught in a sandstorm, you must protect yourself by wearing masks, scarves and so on.If youre driving when such a storm approaches, its advised that you pull off the road, since its difficult to continue driving. This is also important since vehicles can fail in during sandstorms and you could end
18、up stuck on the road.Most sandstorms occur in spring, and during the daytime. Many of the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Sahara Desert are associated with the most serious storms. Since its a natural phenomenon, it cant be entirely controlled. In areas that are natural desert regions, you can
19、t always prevent a sandstorm. Theres much evidence that the planet Mars has dust storms, and clearly, no human intervention (介入) is responsible for such.Though it can move whole sand dunes and destroy crops, a sandstorm is not without benefit.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了沙尘暴常发生的时间、地点和基本状况以及如何在沙尘暴中自我保护的一些建议。5Acc
20、ording to the passage, the sand involved in the sandstorm can reach at most meters.A3.50B15.24C3.05 D15.42 解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m 15.24m.”可知，在沙尘暴中，沙子可以达到的高度在3.05米到15.24米之间，故B项正确。6If youre driving in a sandstorm, youd better .Astop you
21、r car in the middle of the roadBcontinue to make your wayCstop and ask for helpDstop your car on the side of the road解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“If youre driving when such a storm approaches, its advised that you pull off the road”可知，如果你开车时遇到沙尘暴，你最好把车停在路边，pull off the road“把车停在路边”。故选D项。7The underlined sen
22、tence shows that, anyway, sandstorms are .Auseful BuselessCharmful Dpowerful解析：选A推理判断题。画线句表明，虽然沙尘暴能移动沙丘并毁坏农作物，但它不是毫无益处的。注意“a sandstorm is not without benefit”表示“不无裨益”，是双重否定表示肯定意义。故选A项。8According to the writer, a sandstorm .Ais the result of human activitiesBcan be preventedCcant completely disappear
23、 on the earthDcant be forecast解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为沙尘暴是一种自然现象，不能完全被控制，也就不会完全消失，并且它也不是人为的后果。由此可知选C项。.阅读七选五Tropical CyclonesHave you ever seen a TV weatherperson pointing to a large, white spiral of storm clouds spinning over the Earth on the video screen? If so, then youve gotten a small look at w
24、hat the most powerful storm in the world looks like a tropical cyclone (热带气旋) 1 The warm air at the equator (赤道) rises into the atmosphere, cools off, and then sinks back down. As this cycle repeats itself over and over again, the storm begins to grow and the winds around the storm begin to move fas
25、ter.Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in the world, it is called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone. If tropical cyclones move over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, theyre called typhoons. 2 In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, theyre called cyclones.The center of a tropical cycl
26、one is called the “eye”. 3 Most of the strong winds do not reach the eye of the storm, so it is the calmest part. 4 A tropical cyclone that is rated a Category 1 is the weakest; it is still dangerous, but the winds are not as high. A Category 5 tropical cyclone is the strongest; this type of storm c
27、an cause catastrophic damage.Once these tropical cyclones come onto land, they no longer have the warm ocean water they need to grow larger and consequently become weaker. This doesnt stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away. 5 AThey still may produce strong rain and even tornadoes
28、.BTropical cyclones are categorised based on their strength.CThey withdraw as quickly as they arrive and leave the land untouched.DThe rest of the storm moves in a circle around the eye at incredibly high speed.ETropical storms with wind speeds that reach 74 miles per hour are called hurricanes.FTro
29、pical cyclones start as tropical storms that form in warm ocean waters near the equator.GSuch storms moving over the northeastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean are termed hurricanes.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了热带气旋的形成、名称、级别等相关内容。1选F根据空后内容可知，本段介绍热带气旋是如何形成的，且F项中的“near the equator”与空后一句中的“The warm air at the equator (
30、赤道)”形成呼应，所以选F项。2选G根据段首句可知，本段主要介绍产生于不同地区的热带气旋有不同的名称，再结合空前一句中的“theyre called typhoons”和空后一句中的“theyre called cyclones”可知，空处应是介绍在什么地区产生的热带气旋称作飓风，所以选G项。3选D根据语境可知，D项中的“around the eye”与空前一句“The center of a tropical cyclone is called the eye”呼应，此处应是介绍风眼周围的状况，所以选D项。4选B本空是段首句。根据本段的关键词“Category”可推知，本段主要介绍热带气旋的
31、级别，故B项符合题意。5选A根据空前一句可知，已经减弱的热带气旋仍然会有很大的破坏性，空处应是进一步介绍热带气旋带来的影响，故A项“它们仍然可能产生强降雨甚至龙卷风”符合语境。.语法填空Chinas research icebreaker (破冰船) Xuelong, 1 126 crew members aboard on the 35th Antarctic research mission, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on 2 (it) way back to China.Snow Eagle 601, China
32、s first fixedwing aircraft for polar flight, on Thursday night also departed from the Antarctic after 3 (complete) all assignments.Xuelong, 4 arrived near Zhongshan on February 9, supplied the station with fuel oil, and then picked up summer expedition team members at the Kunlun, Taishan and Zhongsh
33、an stations, as well as 5 (member) of the fixedwing aircraft project.Sixteen members of the Kunlun team 6 (previous) completed all scientific expeditions at Dome Argus (Dome A), the South Poles highest ice cap. They, together with 21 members of the Taishan team, 7 (return) to Zhongshan on February 8
34、.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding 8 (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixedwing aircraft.As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left, 19 members would stay for winte
35、r expeditions.Also 9 (know) as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on November 2 last year, beginning 10 countrys 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected to arrive in Shanghai in midMarch.语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了“雪龙号”科考船在南极的科考经历。1with此处为“with宾语宾补”结构作伴随状语，故填with
36、。2its修饰名词way应用形容词性物主代词，on ones way back为固定搭配，意为“在某人/物返回的路上”，故填its。3completingafter在此处为介词，后接动名词作介词的宾语。故填completing。4which分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，Xuelong为先行词，指物，故填which。5membersmember为可数名词，前面无限定词，应用复数形式，而且队员一般是多于一个，故填members。6previously修饰动词completed应用副词形式。故填previously。7returned分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语，由时间状语“on February 8”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填returned。8observation设空处作介词including的宾语，应用名词。故填observation。9knownbe known as为固定搭配，意为“作为而闻名”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。故填known。10the此处特指“该国的第三十五次南极考察”。故填the。