1、人与环境、人与动植物一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)evolutionecologygrow breakthrough clone endangered decline deliberately disaster extinct survival wildlife bacterium branch fibre trunk harvest parrot sow bush (二)主题词汇训练.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1The research on soil seed banks is an important subject in p
2、lant ecology.生态学2Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.突破3The bacterium can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen.细菌 4There were about 300 million tons of grain in the fields at the start of the harvest.收获5If you look at the paper under a microscope, you will see
3、 the fibres.纤维6Rich industrialised countries have sown the seeds of global warming.播种.单句语法填空1The village depends on tourism for its survival (survive)2Do you deliberately (deliberate) avoid the association of anyone?3They set up many branches (branch) throughout the country.4They have formed an orga
4、nization to protect endangered (endanger) species, such as the Tibetan antelopes.5An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction (extinct)6I think objections from the theory of the evolution (evolve). 二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解In spring 2016, Liza Goldberg asked scientists at NA
5、SAs Goddard Space Flight Center if she could do research there.There was a problem, though.She was just 14 years old, and NASAs internship (实习) program only accepts students starting at age 16.David Lagomasino and Temilola Fatoyinbo are NASA satellite experts.They saw Lizas request.In it, she talked
6、 about how she had studied trees in her own backyard to learn about climate change.The two NASA scientists were impressed.“This girl sounds great，” Lagomasino remembers saying.“Lets bring her in.” They made a special role for her outside the internship program.Lagomasino and Fatoyinbo thought Liza c
7、ould help them use satellite data to map mangroves, a small tree that grows in muddy forests on the coastlines of many tropical (热带的) countries. Mangroves are very important as they store huge amounts of carbon, which makes them helpful for fighting global warming.They are also home to fish that mil
8、lions of people depend on for food.Less than two years later, Liza has developed what might be the worlds first satellitebased system to determine where mangroves are in trouble. The work uses data from four satellites.It covers mangrove growth and loss, rainfall, agriculture and city growth.Lagomas
9、ino and Fatoyinbo brought Liza in during the summer before she started high school. The teen had seen mangroves only once before, during a trip to Fort Myers, Florida.Soon, she would see many more, at least on her computer screen.Liza learned that half of the worlds mangroves had disappeared.She was
10、 shocked and motivated to do something.“I wanted to create some kind of solution，” she said.She would even work during school breaks or at home on her projects.Lizas hard work is starting to pay off. Already, environmental groups are eager to use her system to make their work more effective.Now that
11、 she has turned 16, Liza has finally joined NASAs official internship program. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Liza进入NASA开始进行科学研究，其成果对保护生态植物红树林很有帮助。1Why was Liza outside the internship program at first?AShe didnt meet the required age.BShe didnt show her talent properly.CShe knew little about global warming.DShe
12、lacked the experience of datacollecting.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，Liza没有达到年龄要求，所以没有进入这个实习项目。2Why are mangroves so important?AThey are food for fish.BThey are commercial crops.CThey forecast climate change.DThey keep a balanced ecosystem.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Mangroves are very important .people depend on
13、 for food.”可知，红树林在维持生态平衡方面起到很大作用。3What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe satellite.BThe data.CThe system. DThe work.解析：选 B代词指代题。根据画线词上一句“The work uses data from four satellites.”及画线词所在句可知，It在此处指“收集到的数据”。4Which of the following can describe Lizas work in NASA? AIt is fruitful
14、.BIt earned her fame.CIt took up her school time.DIt will lead to a future job with NASA.解析：选 A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知，Liza所设计的系统有望使环保机构的工作变得更高效。由此可知，Liza在NASA的工作是卓有成效的。.完形填空I enjoy feeding birds in my garden. About three years ago, a baby chipmunk (花栗鼠) which I named Chip came to this festive display.
15、 Over that summer, I watched it 1 . The next summer, the chipmunk was back, and I wondered whether it would 2 me to feed it by hand or let me pet it. Before Chip would approach, Id 3 its favorite food, bend down and keep very 4 . Id leave my open hand 5 ， unmoving, so the animal would know I wouldnt
16、 6 it. I continued doing this for a few weeks. 7 ， late in that second summer, Chip did show more trust. One day as I 8 a seed with my fingertips, it approached and 9 took the seed into its mouth. It never bit my fingers.I was happy that Chip and I had made a(n) 10 of trust.After about two months of
17、 this 11 ， I went further. With my index finger, I 12 its back once gently. Im not even sure Chip felt it, but it didnt 13 . I then moved my two fingers slowly and gently over it. 14 ， Chip stayed calm, eating seeds, before running quickly back into the bush.Today, the chipmunk comes out of hiding w
18、hen I call its name, and lets me 15 its soft, silky body.A friend once mentioned that after she 16 a dog, she noticed that her high blood pressure had approached 17 without medication, and she became calmer and could handle stress better. I think I, too, feel 18 from my interactions with Chip.Ive al
19、so developed a greater 19 for nature and its creatures and the opportunity to observe, protect and save wildlife. Most of all, I am amazed by the 20 of a tiny chipmunk to meet me halfway in trust.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”家院子里有一只小花栗鼠，整个夏天“我”都观察它慢慢长大，“我”给它喂食，慢慢地取得了它的信任，如今只要一叫它的名字，它就跑出来让“我”抚摸。“我”更加尊重大自然和它的生物
20、，并有机会观察、保护和拯救野生动物。1A.eatBgrowCplay Djump解析：选B根据上文的“a baby chipmunk (花栗鼠)”可知，作者描写的是一只幼年花栗鼠；结合该句中的“Over that summer, I watched it”可推知，整个夏天，作者都在观察它长大。B项意为“长大，成长”，故B项正确。2A.praise BbegCinspire Dtrust解析：选D根据该句语境，并结合下文第二段第一句中的“trust”可推知，第二年夏天，花栗鼠回来了，作者不知道它是否还信任自己，让作者亲手喂它、抚摸它。D项意为“信任”，故D项正确。3A.put off Bput
21、upCput down Dhang up解析：选C根据该句中的“Before Chip would approach, Id its favorite food”，并结合常识可知，在这只花栗鼠靠近作者之前，作者放下它喜欢的食物。C项意为“放下”，故C项正确。4A.anxious BexcitedCstill Dcurious解析：选C根据该句语境，并结合下文中的“unmoving”可推知，在这只花栗鼠靠近作者之前，作者放下它喜欢的食物，弯下腰，保持静止不动的状态。C项意为“静止的”，故C项正确。5A.in public Bin placeCin return Din turn解析：选B根据语境
22、以及该句中的“unmoving”可知，作者将张开的双手保持在适当的位置上，一动不动，这样这只花栗鼠就知道作者不会去抓(grab)它。B项意为“在正确位置”，故B项正确。6A.grab BremoveCbite Dthrow解析：选A参见上题解析。A项意为“抓住”，故A项正确。B项意为“移开”；C项意为“咬”；D项意为“扔”。7A.Initially BUnusuallyCObviously DFinally解析：选D根据上文“I continued doing this for a few weeks”，并结合该句“late in that second summer, Chip did sh
23、ow more trust”可知，最后，这只花栗鼠更加信任作者了。D项意为“最后，终于”，故D项正确。8A.found BplantedCoffered Dproduced解析：选C根据该句“ One day as I a seed with my fingertips . into its mouth”可知，一天，作者用指尖提供给它一粒种子时，它向作者靠近了。C项意为“提供”，故C项正确。9A.cautiously BaggressivelyCcomfortably Dconfidently解析：选A根据语境以及下文“It never bit my fingers”可知，花栗鼠谨慎地把种子放
24、进嘴里。A项意为“谨慎地”，符合语境，故A项正确。10A.promise BbreakthroughCintroduction Dexperience解析：选B根据上文可知，花栗鼠开始从作者的手中取食，而且没有咬作者；结合该句语境可推知，作者和花栗鼠之间的信任取得了突破。 B项意为“突破”，故B项正确。11A.education BdiscoveryCroutine Dresolution解析：选C根据上文可知，花栗鼠开始从作者的手中取食，作者和花栗鼠之间的信任取得了突破；结合该句“After about two months of this ， I went further”可推知，这种日常
25、的行为进行了两个月之后，作者能更进一步(接近它)了。C项意为“常规”，符合语境。12A.knocked BbrushedCrocked Dtouched解析：选D根据该句“With my index finger, I its back once gently”可知，作者用食指轻轻地触摸它的后背。D项意为“触摸”，故D项正确。13A.run away Brush outCgive away Dturn up解析：选A根据上文可知，花栗鼠开始信任作者了；结合该句“Im not even sure Chip felt it, but it didnt ”可推知，作者用食指触摸它时，它没有跑开。A项
26、意为“逃跑”，故A项正确。B项意为“赶制”；C项意为“泄露”；D项意为“出现”。14A.However BAgainCSo DTherefore解析：选B根据上文可知，作者触摸花栗鼠的后背时，它并没有逃跑，接着作者用两个手指慢慢地轻抚它；结合该句中的“Chip stayed calm, eating seeds”可知，花栗鼠再次保持镇静。B项意为“再一次”，故B项正确。15A.admire BsupportCpet Dlift解析：选C根据上文可知，作者和花栗鼠之间建立了信任，作者用手指抚摸它，它没有跑开；结合该句语境可知，如今，作者一叫它的名字，这只花栗鼠就从躲藏的地方跑出来，让作者抚摸它柔
27、软丝滑的身体。C项意为“抚摸”，故C项正确。16A.walked BadoptedCabandoned Dlost解析：选B根据语境可知，一位朋友曾经说过，在她收养了一只狗之后，她的血压趋于正常(normal)了。B项意为“收养”，故B项正确。17A.safety BoriginalClogic Dnormal解析：选D参见上题解析。D项意为“正常”，故D项正确。A项意为“安全”；B项意为“原件”；C项意为“逻辑”。18A.calmer BfasterCquieter Deasier解析：选A根据上文中的“calmer”，并结合该句“I think I, too, feel from my interactions with Chip”可推知，在同这只花栗鼠的交流过程中，作者也感到更加平静了。19A.sympathy BmotivationCmercy Drespect解析：选D根据该句语境可知，作者也更加尊重自然和它的生物，并发展机会观察、保护和拯救野生动物。D项意为“尊重”，故D项正确。20A.capacity BcontributionCmemory Dcomfort解析：选A根据上文可知，作者通过给花栗鼠喂食取得了它的信任；结合该句语境可知，最重要的是，作者惊讶于花栗鼠对作者信任的能力。A项意为“能力”，故A项正确。