1、联想词语单词联想1blame n(对错事或坏事应负的)责任2liberty n自由；自由权3passion n激情；热爱4tax v对征税，向课税5disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturb v打扰；扰乱disturbance n打扰；妨碍6profession n职业professional adj.专业的；职业的7motivate v激发，激励motivation n激起动机；意图8suspect n(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子suspicion n猜疑；疑心suspicious adj.多疑的；可疑的9inspire v鼓舞，激励inspiration n鼓舞；启示；
2、灵感10effect n效果；作用effective adj.有效的；起作用的短语熟记1instead of 相反2depend on依靠；取决于3appeal to呼吁4hear of 听说5hand in hand 手拉手6compare with与相比7towards the end of the year 快到年底的时候8in short 简言之9make contribution to为作贡献10approach to expressing feelings表达感情的方式句式重温1Painters discovered how_to_use perspective and the e
3、ffects of light.画家们发现了如何使用透视法和光线的效果。2So you can walk along a street for half an hour or so and end_upfive minutes from_where you started.那么你有可能沿街走了半小时左右，结果离你出发的地点实际只有五分钟的路程。3Printing made it possible to_produce_more_copies_in_a_few_weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out by han
4、d.印刷使这一点成为了可能：在数周之内印刷出来的书比一个人一辈子手工抄写的书还要多。4It_is_believed_to_be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画的最好代表，这种绘画风格一经使用人们惊叹不已。5After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in_whichhuman life was considered of_little_value_
5、compared_with the greatness of God,philosophers began asking questions like“What is a person？”or“Why am I here？”几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小。现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。突破重点第一版块：融会单词1.reckon v计算，数；测算，测量；认为，把看作；【口】觉得，猜想We reckon her among our best reporters.我们认为她是我们最好的记者之一。I reckon(th
6、at)he is too old for the job.我认为他年龄太大，不适于这份工作。She is reckoned(to be)the cleverest pupil in the class.她是班上最聪明的学生。(1)reckon sb./sth.to be/as.认为是reckon(that).认为(2)reckon sth.in将某事物计算在内reckon on sb./sth.指望或依赖某人/某事物即境活用完成句子(1)他最近问世的小说被认为是本年度最差的一本。His recent novel _ the worst of the year.(2)我想火车快要到了。_ the
7、 train will soon arrive.(3)你把出租车费算进去了吗？Did you _ the cost of the taxi?is reckoned asI reckonreckon in2seek(sought,sought)v寻找，追求；寻求，设法得到归纳拓展seek out 找出，搜出；挑出seek after/for 寻求，探索；追求；寻找seek to do sth.试图做某事seek ones fortune 外出寻找发财机会；外出闯荡；闯世界【易混辨析】search和seek(1)search通常指对某处、某地进行搜查或搜索，后面接人时意为“搜身”。常接for构成介
8、词短语search for，作“寻找，搜寻”讲，其对象多为一个或一批人或物，如找矿、找资料、找文件、找工作等。它强调寻找的行为，不着重指结果。search也可以作名词，构成介词短语in search of。search后面的宾语表示寻找的范围，而search for后面跟寻找的目标。(2)seek一般用于抽象意义，有时也表示渴望得到某一具体的东西，是比较正式的书面用法。可构成seek for,seek after等短语，作“追求，寻找，设法得到”讲。其后也可接不定式，此时意为“试图，企图”。即境活用完成句子(1)You should _ from your lawyer on this mat
9、ter.这件事情你应该请教你的律师。(2)Local schools _ the dropout rate.当地学校正在努力降低辍学率。(3)I _ the missing papers,but I couldnt find them.我翻遍抽屉寻找遗失的文件，但是没能找到。(4)The police _ escaped prisoners now.警察正在搜查逃犯。seek adviceare seeking to reducesearched the drawers forare searching for3blame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于 n过失；责备The children we
10、re not to blame.孩子们不应受到谴责。Its wrong to lay the blame on him for delaying.把延误的责任归咎于他是不对的。blame sb.for sth./doing sth.因而指责某人blame sth.on sb.pin/put/lay the blame on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth.(对某事)承担责任be to blame(for sth.)应受责备；对某事应负责任(主动表被动)blameful adj.该受责备的；有过错的blameless adj
11、.无可责难的；无过错的We blamed him for his careless driving.我们责怪他开车不小心。They blame the failure on Mary.他们把失败归咎于玛丽。He is to blame in this matter.他应该对这件事负责。If you fail the exam,you will only have yourself to blame.你若考试失败，只能怪自己。【易混辨析】blame，scold，accuse与punishblame指责，埋怨，归咎于，有时含责骂之意。scold多指上级对下级，长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言辞
12、激烈的数落而不是用肮脏语言骂人。accuse语气比blame强，本义为“归罪”，也可指非难或谴责之意。punish表示因做错了事情而惩罚，侧重于采取手段惩罚。She was in no way to blame.决不应该责备她。If I walk in with muddy boots,Mum always scolds me.我的靴子上要是有泥巴，一进屋妈妈就会数落我。即境活用完成句子(1)If you fail the exam youll only _ yourself.如果你考试不及格，只能怪你自己。(2)It is not the child but the teacher that
13、 is _ for that.不是这个小孩儿而是这个老师应因那件事情而受到责备。(3)The boss _ the secretary _ the delay of themeeting.老板责怪秘书延误了会议。put the blame onto blameblamedfor4remain link.v仍然是；保持不变It remains true that sport is about competing well，not winning.体育重在勇于竞争而非获胜，一向如此。He remained poor all his life.他终生贫穷。When the others had go
14、ne，Mary remained and put back the furniture.当其他人走了之后，玛丽留下来，将家具放回原处。特别提示remain用作系动词时，意为“仍然处于某种状态；保持”，后面常跟adj./n./v.-ing/done/to be done等形式。remain用作不及物动词时，意为“剩余；残留；逗留”，不能用于被动语态。remain还经常用于there be句型中，代替“be”动词。He will remainasmanager of the club until the end of his 他将继续担任俱乐部经理，直至合同期满。火车票价很可能会保持不变。It r
15、emains to be seenIt will only be known laterwhether you are 你说得对不对还有待于证实。还有一个非常重要的问题。She left，她走了，而我留了下来。remaining adj.意为“剩余的”，作前置定语，left表示“剩余的”，作后置定语。remainder n.其他人员；剩余物；剩余时间remains pl.n.剩饭菜；古迹；遗迹；遗址她将用剩下的钱给她女儿买个礼物。stayed o个人进来，余下的人留在外面。晚餐吃剩的东西被收去了。即境活用完成句子(1)Very little of the house _ after the f
16、ire.火灾之后，这座房子所剩无几。(2)_ whether you are right.你是否正确，还有待证实。(3)Train fares are likely to _.火车票价很可能会保持不变。remainedIt remains to be seenremain unchanged5inspire vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示(1)inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事inspire sb.with.使某人产生inspire sb.to sth.鼓励某人某事inspire sth.in sb.使某人产生(感觉或情感)(2)inspiration n灵感inspire
17、d adj.受影响的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，激励人的The good news inspired us with hope.这个好消息使我们燃起了希望。The teacher inspires his students to give their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.老师鼓励学生们在课堂上积极地发表自己的看法，即使看法与他的不同。I was inspired to work harder than ever before.我受到激励，比以往任何时候都更加努力工作。The beauty
18、 of the West Lake inspired a lot of poets to write their great poetry.西湖美景给了许多诗人灵感而创作出他们伟大的诗篇。The coach inspired them to victory.教练鼓舞他们取得胜利。即境活用完成句子(1)This is _ story of love and determination.这是一个激励人的关于爱情和决心的故事。(2)Dreams are _ for some writers.梦对一些作家来说是丰富的灵感源泉。(3)He bought a car _ envy among other
19、drivers.他买了一辆令其他司机羡慕的汽车。an inspiringa rich source of inspiration that inspired第二版块：贯通短语1on behalf of 代表；为了的利益He spoke on behalf of the plan.他为这项计划辩护。At the airport he read an address of welcome on behalf of the association.在机场他代表该协会致了欢迎词。I am writing on behalf of the minority shareholders.我正代表少数股东写信
20、。in interest/behalf of为了，为了的利益Premier Zhou Enlai worked hard all his life in behalf of the Chinese revolution.周恩来总理毕生为中国革命鞠躬尽瘁。on sb.s behalf/on the behalf of代表某人My brother could not be here tonight,but I want to thank you on his behalf.我兄弟今晚不能来，我代表他谢谢你。He worked hard all his life in behalf of the p
21、oor.他毕生为穷苦人的利益而努力不懈。即境活用完成句子(1)_，welcome you to our school.我代表我的同学和我自己，欢迎你们到我们学校来。(2)The lawyer issued a statement _.这位律师代表受害者家庭发表了声明。(3)Dont be uneasy _.不要为我担心。On behalf of my classmates and myself on behalf of the victims familyon my behalf2leave sth.behind 把抛在后面；遗留Wait,dont leave me behind!等等别把我丢
22、下！It wont rain;you can leave your umbrella behind.不会下雨，你不必带伞了。(1)leave sb.to do sth.留下某人去做某事leave sb.sth.leave sth.to sb.遗赠给某人；死后留下leave sb./sth.adj./doing/done/prep-ph使/让保持某种状态(2)leave sb./sth.alone不要干涉某人/某事leave for出发去某地leave out省略即境活用补全下列“leave”短语(1)leave._ 不干涉；听之任之(2)leave _ 动身去某地(3)leave _ 遗漏；省
23、略aloneforout第三版块：突破句式1Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light.画家们发现了如何使用透视法和光线的效果。(1)在该句中how to use perspective and the effects of light.为“及物动词疑问词动词不定式”结构，该结构中“what/who/when/where/whether/which/how等疑问词不定式”结构相当于相应意义的宾语从句，故本句可以转化成一个宾语从句：Painters discovered how they could us
24、e perspective and the effects of light.能用于该结构的常见动词有：consider/decide/explain/find out/know/show/tell/wonder等。如：I havent decided where to go.我还没有决定去哪儿。(2)“疑问词不定式”可放在介词后，作介词的宾语。如：I am interested in what to do but dont know how to do it.我对该干什么感兴趣，而对如何做并不感兴趣。(3)该句式中的不定式常用主动的形式表示被动的含义。如：School uniforms ar
25、e not cool enough,so students almost dont know what to expect.校服真是不够酷，学生们都不知道该期待什么了。(4)“疑问词不定式”结构还有下列用法：作主语，如：How to improve English is often discussed among the students.学生们常常讨论如何提高英语水平的问题。作表语，如：The problem is where to find the financial aid.问题是在哪能找到资金援救。作名词同位语，如：Tom had no idea which book to read
26、first.汤姆不知道先读哪本书。(5)介词which/whom不定式。该结构是一种简洁的表达方式。通常作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。指人时用whom，指物时用which。如：Here is the money with which to buy a piano.Here is the money with which we can buy a piano.这就是买钢琴的钱。She is the right person on whom to depend.She is the right person on whom we depend.她是值得信赖的人。2So you can walk
27、along a street for half an hour or so and end up five minutes from where you started.那么你有可能沿街走了半小时左右，结果你离出发的地点实际只有五分钟的路程。(1)where引导的从句作介词from的宾语。如：You can start the experiment from where you have failed.你可以从你失败的地方开始这个实验。(2)where连接副词，引导宾语从句等名词性从句。如：He knows where you live.他知道你在哪儿。Its none of your bus
28、iness where I spend my summer.我在哪里度假不干你的事。Thats where we differ.这就是我们的分歧所在。有时可与不定式短语连用作动词的宾语。如：Ask him where to go.问问他到哪里去了。(3)where关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词which”，从句的前面不但可以出现表示“地名”的名词，还可以出现表示“场合，形势，情况(situation/case/scene/point)”等名词。如：We shall go to the place where work conditions are difficult.
29、哪儿的条件艰苦我们就去哪儿。Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room.想象一个场景，两个陌生人在他们都认识的那个人离开房间后正在谈话。(4)where连词，引导地点状语从句，表示“在的地方”。如：Where there is heavy traffic,the air pollution is serious.车辆行驶多的地方，空气污染得就严重。即境活用(1)The place at _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.(2)If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.whichwherewhere