1、定语从句（1） 概念引入：She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。Give me the book whose cover is green. 把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一 P1】，定语从句的定义 Do you k
2、now the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 他前天买的那本书很棒。He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。 Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。 其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词
3、的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。例如： 关系词：关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分, 如主语、宾语或表语。例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football. （who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语）There is still much homework which we must finish. （which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语）关系代词引导
4、的定语从句1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中做主语时用who，做宾语的时候用whom。 The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。 His father who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的父亲很有趣。 I have to find the boy whom I saw yesterday. 我得找到昨天见的那个男孩。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 正跟我父
5、亲握手的那个人是一个警察。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/ that在从句中做主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/ that在从句中作宾语） He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者，上帝也助之。 关系代词在从句中做主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 She is the only on
6、e who knows the secret. 她是唯一知道这个秘密的人。 She is one of the teachers who know the secret. 她是知道这个秘密的老师之一。2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公交车上谈论的那个人。Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生就是我想见的那个男孩。注意：关系代词
7、whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom不能省略)This is the girl whom he worked with. (whom可以省略)这就是同他一起工作的女孩。3. which代表事物，先行词在从句中做主语或宾语的时候，我们就用which。They had a radio which could send out messages. 他们有一个能发出信息的收音机
8、。 He told us a story which made everyone laugh. 他讲了一个让我们人人发笑的故事。 Where is the car which you bought last month? 你上个月买的车在哪儿呢？The package (which/ that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。that在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。The number of t
9、he people that/who come to visit the city each year rises by one million. 来这个城市参观的人数每年增加一百万。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 我今天上午看见的那个人在哪儿？5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。whose是关系代词，只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。I once lived in a house wh
10、ose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：The classroom whose door (the door of which) is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。Do you like the book whose cover (the cover of which) is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面
11、是黄色的书吗？下面三种情况必须用that作为连接词。1. 看先行词是什么东西。当先行词是all, anything, nothing, everything, none, much, little, few, the one等不定代词时；当先行词既有人又有物时。He did everything that he could to save the patient. 他做了能做的一切来挽救这个病人。I mean the one that was sold yesterday. 我的意思是说昨天被卖掉的那个。 Theres nothing in the world that can defeat
12、him. 这世界上没有能打败他的东西。All that I want is peace and quiet. 我想要的一切就是和平宁静。 Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the street. 快看正在过街的小姑娘和她的小狗。 All that glitters is not gold. 并不是所有发光的东西都是金子。2. 看先行词被什么修饰。当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词被all, any, every, no, only, very, last, next, one of等词所修饰时。The first less
13、on that they learned is the most difficult of all. 他们学的第一课是最难的一课。This is the most interesting book that Ive ever read. 这是我读过的最有意思的一本书。This is the very book that Im interested in. 这正是我感兴趣的那本书。The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们能做的唯一的事情就是等待。You can take any seat that is free. 你可以坐任何一个空座。I
14、have read all the books (that) you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有书。Weve still remember things and persons that appeared in the school. 我们还记起来发生在学校的一些人和事。3. 以which开头的疑问句中。Which is the car that killed the old lady? 要了老太太的命的是哪辆车？以下情况不能用that作为先行词。1. 在非限制性定语从句中。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to
15、us. 太阳给地球升温，这点对我们很重要。2. 从句中的介词提到关系词之前的时候。He took the money away without which they couldnt live. 他把那些钱带走了，没有这些钱我们没法活。We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖这片土地，从那儿我们取得了食物。3. 当先行词本身就是that时。 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？ 关系词能否省略当先行词在从句中做宾语的时候，关系词可以省略。He wo
16、uld give me the book (which/ that) he bought yesterday in the shop. 他会给我他昨天在商店买的那本书。I hated those people (whom/ that) I met in the party. They were so rude. 我讨厌在晚会上遇到的那些人。他们太粗鲁。在下面两种情况下，当先行词在从句中做宾语的时候，关系词也不能省略。1. 非限制性定语从句中。They came from Beijing, which I love very much. 他们来自北京，那是我非常喜欢的一个城市。2. 从句的介词提到关系词前面的时候。 I am still looking for the book about which they talked yesterday. 我还在找我们昨天谈到的那本书。