1、第八讲 定语从句1(2013湖 南 卷)Happiness and success often come to those_theirown strengths.(recognize)幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于意识到自己长处的人。答案：who are good at recognizing关系代词的用法2(2013山 东 卷)Finally he reached a lonely island_fromthe outside world.(cut)他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。答案：which/that was completely cut off3(2011山东卷)The old
2、 town has narrow streets and small houses_closeto each other.(build)这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。答案：that are built4(2013北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks_.(protect)很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动物和植物能够受到保护。答案：where/in which animals and plants can be protected关系副词的用法5(2013浙江卷)The museum will open in th
3、e spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_thebig glasshouses being built.(watch)博物馆将在春天开放，届时将有一个展览和一个观光平台。参观者可以从这个平台观看正在建设的大温室。答案：where visitors can watch6(2011江苏卷)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，_ icecream.(buy)两场音乐会之间有休息时间，这时观众可以买冰淇淋。答案：when the audience can buy7(2013浙
4、江卷)The children，_the whole day long，were worn out.(play)孩子们因为玩了一整天，都已经精疲力竭了。答案：all of whom had played“介词关系代词”的用法8(2013湖北卷)Through the course of my schooling，I met many teachers，two_megreatly.(influence)上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。答案：of whom influenced/of whom have influenced/of them having influenced9(20
5、13新课标卷)“You cant judge a book by its cover，”_.(go)正如古训所说“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”。答案：as the old saying goesas与which的用法10(2013天津卷)We have launched another manmade satellite，_ in todays newspaper.(announce)我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。答案：which is announced11(2013山 东 卷)There is no simple answer，_in science.(case)科
6、学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。答案：as is often the case12(2013江苏卷)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_starting as early as his childhood.(remember)世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结，他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。答案：which he remembers分隔式/分离式/干扰式定语从句13(2011天 津 卷)The days are gone_tomake a living.(need)体力是谋生的唯一所需”的时代一去不
7、复返了。答案：when physical strength was all you needed一、关系代词引导的定语从句1that用于下列情况：(1)先 行 词 是 all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；(2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；(4)先行词被the only，the very(正是、恰是)，the last修饰；(5)先行词中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含
8、有定语从句；(7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。2whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。(2011四川高考)The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.这家学校商店大部分的顾客是学生，因放假而暂停营业了。(2
9、010北京高考)Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。3who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。(2010湖南高考)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比
10、赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。4which用于下列情况：(1)引导非限制性定语从句；(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；(3)先行词本身是that时；(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。(2012全国卷)That evening，which I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1考查该结构中关系代词的选用。若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，
11、指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。2考查该结构中介词的选用。(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”介词常用of。常见结构：在some，any，few，little，none，all，
12、both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前/后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前/后用of which/whom等。(2013重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价
13、钱很合理。注意：(1)from where为“介词关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。(2)像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中不能将介词与动词分开。三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1一般情况下，as所引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可，而which所引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句
14、之后。(2013安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。2 当 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 的 谓 语 为 be announced，be expected，be known，be reported，be said，be shown等被动式谓语时，常用as引导。(2012福建高考)The air qual
15、ity in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。3as表示整个主句内容时，有时含有“正如；正像”等意思，而which无此意。4在下列固定结构中，关系代词as代表整个主句所述的内容，一般不用which。as we know 众所周知as has been said before 如前所述as is often the case 情况常常如此四、关系副词引导的定语从句当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when
16、表时间的介词(如in，at，on，during等)which；where表地点的介词(如in，at，on，under等)which；why表原因的介词(如for)which。关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。(2013 新课标卷)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不
17、信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。注意：(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。Shes in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye o
18、n her.她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。(2)先行词occasions当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间陪我的孩子们一天的机会很少。五、定语从句与其他从句的区别1考查非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别。区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and，but等并列连词或分号等的存在。若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。(2012四川高考
19、)In our class there are 46 students，of whom half wear glasses.(定语从句)In our class there are 46 students，and half of them wear glasses.(并列句)2考查主语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。重点考查it，what和as的选用。常见的考查结构：(1)“It be done(如：said/suggested等)that从句(that从句是主语从句，it是形式主语)”意为“据/人们(说/建议等)”。(2)“What be done(如：said/suggested等)is t
20、hat从句(that从句是表语从句，what引导主语从句)”意为“所(说/建议等)的是”。(3)“As be done(如：said/suggested等)，主句(as引导非限制性定语从句)”意为“正如所(说/建议等)的那样，”。It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(主语从句)What is required in the regulations is that you should not tell other pe
21、ople the password of your email account.(主语、表语从句)As is required in the regulations，you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(定语从句)3考查the same，such，so引导限制性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别。the same，such，so可以与as或that搭配。as引导的是定语从句，前面名词或代词要在从句中充当成分；而that引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整。Last term our maths teac
22、her set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked them out.(结果状语从句)上学期数学老师考试出题太难，没有一个人能解出来。1(2013湖北八市3月调研)Back to 1942 directed by FengXiaogang tells a true story in 1942，_in the War o
23、f Resistance against Japanese Aggression.(engage)冯小刚执导的电影一九四二讲述了1942年的一个真实的故事，正值中国人的抗日战争时期。答案：when the Chinese(people)were engaged2(2013湖北黄冈质量检测)Qian Xuesen was in America from 1935 to 1955，_the research into jet planes.(concentrate)钱学森于1935年到1955年期间在美国专注于喷气式飞机的研究。答案：during which period he concentra
24、ted on3(2013湖北省武汉市二月调研)In 1991 Ranulph Fiennes published“TheFeatherMen”，the nonfiction book_.(base)这部影片是以1991年兰奴夫费因斯发表的纪实文学作品羽人为基础改编的。答案：on which the film is based4(2013湖北八校第二次联考)Study，or in general，the pursuit of truth and beauty is a kind of activity in_to remain children all our lives.(permit)学习，
25、或者更广泛地说，对真理与美的追求，是一种让我们能一辈子当个孩童的活动。答案：which we are permitted5(2013湖北武汉四月调研)Have you got ready for the coming job interview_by KFC next week？(give)你为下周KFC举行的求职面试做好准备了吗？答案：which/that will be given/to be given6(2013湖北省武汉市高考答题适应性训练)Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，_be going
26、 back to their villages after Year 8.(most)有时候我真想知道，化学与这些学生究竟有多大关系，他们中的大多数读完八年极后就要回到他们的村庄去了。答案：most of whom will/and/for/as/since most of them will7(2013湖北八校第二次联考)This grand theater，part of_a field hospital for 3 years during the war，is expected to be restored to its original splendor.(serve)这座大剧院有望
27、得以修复，重现昔日风华。它的一部分在战争期间曾有三年作为战地医院。答案：which served as8(2013湖 北 省 七 市 高 三 联 考)The typical cases_will be introduced to readers to warn them of potential risks.(cheat)消费者被骗的典型事例将被介绍给读者以提醒他们潜在的风险。答案：where/in which customers are cheated9(2013湖 北 省 武 汉 市 名 校 第 二 次 调 研)_in todays paper，they have succeeded in finishing their research work.(report)正如今天的报纸上报道的那样，他们成功地完成了研究任务。答案：As is reported10(2013湖北省三所名校高三下学期调研)Suddenly it began to rain，_our picnic had to be canceled.(result)突然开始下雨了，因此我们的野餐计划只好取消。答案：as a result of which
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