1、Part 3: Grammar-Ellipsis(省略)预习案学法指导：在预习时，要认真观察句子的那些成分被省略并能把省略的部分补充完整。理解并领会省略的功能与作用。（一）读下列句子, 说你的感觉。1. She can swim under water longer than I can swim under water.2. They discussed whether they should stay in the house or they should try the open air.3. They had a meal, they went out for a walk and t
2、hen they came back to sleep. 4. Dont bathe if you dont want to bathe.5. I dont visit my parents as much as I ought to visit my parents. （二）Some of the words in the sentences above are unnecessary. Cross them out.探究案一. 省略句的定义省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。 二、简单句中的省略1. 省略主语
3、: 祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。(1) (You) Come in, please.2. 省略宾语：可省略宾语的全部；可省略作宾语的动词不定式，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在to后加上be或have。(1) Dont touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch).(2) -Are you a teacher? -No, but I want to be (a teacher).(3) -He hasnt finished the task. -Well, he ough
4、t to have (finish it).三、主从复合句中的省略1. 主句中有一些主谓被省略。(1)(Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill.2. 省略从句中与主句相同的部分。They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).3. 主句与从句各有一些成分被省略The sooner (you do it) , the better (it will be).4. 省略一个从句或从句的一部分, 可用so 或 not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe, th
5、ink, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell等以及appear, seem, afraid etc.(1) Is he coming back tonight? -I think so.(2) Is she feeling better today? -Im afraid not.四、其他省略1. 连词that的省略(1)宾语从句中常省略连词that。 I know(that) he is a student.(2) 在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。 He likes the songs (that) Andy Lau
6、 sings.2. 在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分。(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.(3) While (you are) cycling, (you) dont forget the traffic lights. 骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。3. 不定式符号to的省略1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。 I told him t
7、o sit down and wait for a moment. 2) 介词but前若有动词do, 后面的不定式不带 to. The boy did nothing but play.3) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to，但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The
8、 boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.4. 连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将后面的should, were, had提到主语的前面。(1)Had they time(=If they had time), they would certainly come and help us. (2)Were I you (=If I were you ) , I would do the work better.(3)Should there be a flood(=If there shou
9、ld be a flood), what should we do?5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构：在以if, when, though, as if (好象)等连词引导的从句中, 如从句中的主要动词是be, 常将主语it 和动词be 省略。If (it is ) necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。What exciting news! (= What exciting news it i
10、s!) 多么令人激动的消息啊！训练案一. 改写句子，把能省略的部分省略。1.Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasnt done his homework._2.Betty is crying but no one knows why she is crying._3.We should think more of others than we should think of ourselves._4.She doesnt earn as much as I earn._5.She gave the same answer as she had given
11、 before. 二. 用省略完成句子 1.如果想来我办公室就来吧。Please come to my office if _2.我没料到他们能完成这工程这样快，但他们确已完成了。I didnt expect they would finish the project so quickly, but _3.除非我被邀请，否则我不会来。_, I wont go to the party.4.工人们要求经理提高他们的工资。The workers requested that the manger_.5.据说有人会来帮我们解决问题，但不知道是谁。It is said that someone will come to help us solve the problem, but we dont know _.