1、内蒙古包头市2014高考英语二轮训练（3）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【黑龙江省哈三中2014高考英语试题】A“Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy theyre given after all. Choices can be hard.” Jeff BezosI got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet us
2、age was growing at 2,300 percent per year. Id never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30 years old, and Id been married for a year. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to q
3、uit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldnt work since most start-ups dont, and I wasnt sure what to expect. MacKenzie told me I should go for it. As a young boy, Id been a garage inventor. Id always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.I was working at
4、 a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That
5、 sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didnt already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimate
6、ly (最后), I decided I had to give it a shot. I didnt think Id regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and Im proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are o
7、ur choices.21. What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore? A. His dream of being an inventor.B. The support of his wife. C. The greatly increasing usage of the Internet.D. Millions of exciting titles.22. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sente
8、nce?. A. The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind and disturb him.B. He would be very excited if he tried it out.C. He would be always having a doubt if he didnt try.D. The decision to not try the online bookstore would terrify him.23. We can know from the passage that _. A. the boss tho
9、ught the idea was suitable for the authorB. the author wanted someone else to try the ideaC. the author might not regret if he failed the ideaD. the author might go back to his boss if he failed24. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Cleverness and KindnessB. The Start
10、ing of AmazonC. Following My PassionD. We Are What We Choose【参考答案】2124 CACD 【黑龙江省哈三中2014高考英语试题】BTwo new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners. One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week.
11、 The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤脚). Researchers from the JKM Technologies company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.They found that running shoes create more
12、 stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine. The other study
13、appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another
14、group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease i
15、nto their landing and avoid striking their heel.Harvards Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to c
16、ome down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings. But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.Th
17、e study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on
18、 a Harvard Website. 25. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.B. Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.C. Running in shoes is partly good to runners.D. Two new studies prove running without shoes is bene
19、ficial to runners in most cases.26. Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?A. Toes.B. Hips.C. Feet.D. Legs.27. What can we learn from the passage? A. The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel. B. We should start runnin
20、g barefoot in no time. C. Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels. D. We wont be injured if we run barefoot.28. What is the writers attitude towards the use of the modern running shoes? A. Persuasive.B. Negative. C. Objective.D. Supportive.【参考答案】25
21、28 DBAC 阅读理解-科普知识类 （一）2012长沙市雅礼中学第四次月考 A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another.I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation.There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunn
22、y day andI became invisible, absent from the conversation.The telephone used to connect you to the absent.Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent.Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closene
23、ss of human interaction.With email and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another.With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone.If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.As almost ev
24、ery contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation(疏远) index goes up. You cant even call a person to get the phone number of another person anymore.Directory assistance is almost always fully automated.I am not against modern technology.I own a cell phone, an ATM card, a
25、voicemail system, and an email account.Giving them up isnt wise, theyre a great help to us.Its some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy.More and more, I find myself hiding behind email to do a job meant for conversation, or being relieved that voice mail picked up because I didn
26、t really have time to talk.The industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier, or at least facilitating my antisocial instincts.So Ive put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging with people who live near me, no cellphoning in the presence of friends, no letting th
27、e voice mail pick up when Im at home.16Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?来源: A.The Advance of Communications TechnologyB.The Consequences of Modern Technology C.The Story of the Communications RevolutionD.The Automation of Modern Communications 17The sentence “Now it make
28、s people sitting next to you feel absent” means that _. Athe people sitting beside you have to go away to receive phone call Byou can hardly get in touch with the people sitting beside you Cmodern technology makes it hard for people to have a facetoface talk Dpeople can now go to work without going
29、to the office18The writer feels that the use of modern communications is _. AsatisfyingBencouraging Cdisappointing Dembarrassing19The passage implies that _. Amodern technology is bridging people Bmodern technology is separating people Cmodern technology is developing too fast Dmodern technology is
30、interrupting our communication20What does the underlined word “facilitating” mean?A加深 B限制C帮助 D装备【要点综述】 本文主要论述现代技术的消极影响现代技术的使用在疏远人与人之间的距离。 16. B主旨大意题。本文主要论述了现代技的影响。17. C句意理解题。第一段作者提出：通讯革命使我们不再面对面地交谈；第二段作者举自己生活的一例来予以说明； 第三段作者感慨“Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent”，即其意应为：现在技术使人们很难有面对面的交
31、谈。故选C项。18. D推理判断题。根据第五段可知，作者并不反对现代技术，也认为它极有帮助，只是某一些结果让他感到不安，比如第二段中他所举的生活例子。由此判断他会认为使用现代技术有时令人感到尴尬，故选D项。19. B推理判断题。根据第四段可推断现代技术正在疏远人们之间的关系，故选B项。20. A词义猜测题。画线词所在的这一段主要在讲述现代技术对他的消极影响，因此他才决定限制自己对现代技术的使用。由此判断画线词应意为“加深”，即：加重他的不爱交际的天性。故选A项。阅读理解-C82012江苏卷 Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they
32、cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come
33、 with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have de
34、veloped polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light
35、 largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes. That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had desig
36、ned a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to
37、cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable i
38、n its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short c
39、hains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. Whats more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Te
40、mperature change. B. NIR light. C. Acidity change. D. UV light.64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C. It has not come onto the market up till now.D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. Which
41、 word can be used to complete the following process of changes?A. protected B. formed C. exposed D. combined【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。63. B信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR，近红外线) o
42、n the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。64. D推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知答案。65. C信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用expose
43、d，即C项正确。科普知识类Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to
44、an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likel
45、y to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke
46、as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainlymodest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because ev
47、eryone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. 1. The text mainly discusses the relationship between.A. heart problems and air
48、 quality B. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and smokingD. heart problems and fatty food2. The underlined word“modest”in Paragraph 3 most probably means.A. relatively highB. extremely low C. relatively lowD. extremely high3. What can we learn from the text? A. Eating fatty food has imm
49、ediate effects on your heart. B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking. D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. 4. The authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to.A. informB. persuade C. describeD. entertain【参考答案】16.ACDA