1、Unit 2 Working the land1.Find the word or phrase from the text for each of these meaning._ brown(skin)from spending too much time in the sun._ to make something or somebody free of _ to become larger in size,number or amount _ to make information and ideas known to many people _ would prefer to _ to
2、 try extremely hard to achieve somethingsunburntrid of expandcirculateWould ratherstruggle _ to send things to foreign countries for sale _ pleased by having what one wants or needs _ to provide with things necessary for a certain purpose _ plants grown in large amounts by farmers _ because of expor
3、tSatisfied withequipcropThanks toAnswer keys for Ex.2 on Page 11:1.statistics;globe 2.super;nationalities 3.Hunger;disease 4.Vietnam;occupations 5.freedom;exportedAnswer keys for Ex.3 on Page 11:decade struggle;expanding;Equipped;output grain;crops;battles;disturbingAnswer keys for Ex.1 on Page 49 c
4、onfuse confusion discover discovery equip equipment expand expansion produce production export export comment comment focus focus regret regret struggle struggle sum sumAnswer keys for Ex.1 on Page 49 1.circulated 2.focus;export mented;regret 4.struggled;confusing 5.equipAnswer keys for Ex.2 on Page
5、 49 chemicals;pests;bacteria production soil discoveries;chemicals minerals nutrition;root focusAnswer keys for Ex.3 on Page 491.Todays lesson focuses on how to write asummary of a news article.2.We must skim the report to find the main idea.3.The teacher told us to underline the difficult words and
6、 look them up in the dictionary.4.He said that details likes statistics should not be included.5.I think Im going to use a report about how farmers are keeping their fields free of chemical fertilizers.6.It took the farmer twenty years to build up his business.7.Using too much chemical fertilizer wi
7、ll lead to serious problems.The ing form as the Subject Object 1作主语动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1)捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.Playing tricks on others is something we should never do2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Learning new words is very important for me3)说比做容易。Talking is easier than doing.用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一
8、定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock这事值得去做。Its worth making the effort想再解释一次有好处吗?Is it any good trying to explain?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。It is pleasant working with you在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do”。例如：若要人
9、不知，除非己莫为。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it这种事开不得玩笑。Here is no joking about such matter.无法知道他什么时候离开There was no knowing when he would leave.It+be+a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的Th
10、ere is no doing 无法，不允许归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：There is no sense in doing 做没有道理There is/was no use doing 干无意义There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 干无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go.做这件傻事毫无意义。There is no point doing such a silly thing.注意：There is no need
11、 to do sth 干、没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。There is no need to tell her.提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sisters being ill made we worried.你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.Please rewrite the sentences following the example.(Page 13 Ex.2)1.Help
12、ing people in need of help is nice.2.Growing super hybrid rice is not easy.3.Learning more about farming is not difficult.4.Doing research in the countryside is not as easy as in the city.5.Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries.6.Explaining this again is important or we w
13、ill get confused.2、用作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如：我不能不去。I cant avoid going你是否考虑过找一位挚友?Have you considered looking for one special friend?我们
14、必须设法避免犯同样的错误。We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。People couldnt help laughing foolish man这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，re
15、member，hate等。A在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。C在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：我记得我已把信寄了。I remember posting the letter我会记着去寄信的。Ill remember to post the letter我永
16、远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。I shall never forget seeing the famous writer不要忘了给你母亲写信。Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。I regret missing the report我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。I regret to say I cant take your adviceD在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do(设法)，try doing(试试)，mean to do(打算，有意要做)，mean doing(意思是，意味着)。如：我们必须设法及
17、时把一切搞好。We must try to get everything done in time我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Lets try doing the working in some other way我并不想叫你生气。I didnt mean to make you angry你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。Your plan would mean spending hoursEgo on doing 和go on to doGo on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如：请接着做这同一个练习。Please go on doing the sam
18、e exercise请做另外一个练习。Please go on to do the other exerciseFstop doing与stop to do:Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我们停止了交谈。We stopped talking我们停了下来去谈话。We stopped to talk 3作介词宾语动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A介词+动名词，如：我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits.我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。I apologize
19、 for being so angry with you.离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。After being away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought upB动词+介词+动名词，如：我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。Instead of smiling，each of them made a face她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。She was very interested in working for our company下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to,look forward to，stick to，be used to等
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