1、Grammar直接引语和间接引语Direct and Indirect SpeechGrammar:Direct and Indirect Speech(1)1.转述他人的陈述陈述句 She asked me what I was doing.1)He said,“Im going to Beijing.”He said that he was going to Beijing.2)He asked,“Are you a teacher?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.3)She said,“What are you doing?”2.转述他人的疑
2、问一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意
3、，可以说said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that，不可直接说told that 解题步骤:1.陈述句:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt likecomputers.Sarah一般疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciat
4、ion?”He asked(me)whether/ifI had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him)T
5、hey asked him ifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car factories have bee
6、n built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heheharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the
7、wheat.5.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化。3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The geography teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”She says that s
8、hell never forget the days in the country.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变The children said,“We love this game.”They told us that they love that game.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。She says,“Ill never forget the days in the country.”直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythat d
9、aythis weekthat weekyesterday the day before last weekthe week beforefour days agofour days beforethe day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext monththe next monthheretherecome,go,bring take1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday
10、B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayExercisesExercises2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 3.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way this
11、 week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would the nex
12、t day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week befo
13、re C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time 8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack asked
14、 her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here 10.The teacher asked her,“|Does the sun rise in the east
15、?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did riseways of showing friendship more waysways of showing friendshipmore wayswest and eastEvery culture has its own ways to show friendship.Are there any places in the world where Chinese and western culture
16、s live side by side?HongkongMacaoSingaporeHawaiiIts said that Hawaii is a place where the East truly meets the West.Lets see in Hawaii how people show their friendship.by giving a circle of flowers worn around the necklei(s)Read fast and find out more ways/signsto show friendship in Hawaii.the first
17、 waythe second waythe third wayleia circle of flowers worn around the neckalohalokahi1.To be with happiness2.Goodbye3.Our hearts singing togetherOneness with all peopleAccording to the formin the opinion of Hawaiians?Read the 2nd para.againWhy do many different peoples call Hawaii their home?Hawaii
18、is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities.a rich cultural diversity1.What is the first way Hawaiians show their friendship?Hawaiians say“aloha”to each other to show friendship.2.What is the second way of showing friendship?They welcome people of all races,languages
19、 and cultures with“lokahi”which means“oneness with all people”.3.What is their third way of showing friendship?They give visitors a“Lei”to make them feel at home.4.Why do many different peoples call Hawaii their home?Its because Hawaii is a place where many cultures live together peacefully and co-o
20、perate with each other.5.How do people in Hawaii get on with one another?They try to help each other so that all feel stronger.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind blowing from the sea.6.How can people in Hawaii live in peace?They solve the problems with understanding a
21、nd treat all people as if they are part of the same family.7.Can you find similar things in your hometown?How do you show friendship to visitors?Students give their own answers.Read the following poem carefully and write down the pairs of words that rhyme and add more similar rhyming words.A friend
22、is someone we turn towhen our spirits need a lift,A friends is someone we treasurefor our friendship is a gift.A friend is someone who fills our liveswith beauty,joy and graceAnd makes the whole world we live in a better and happier place.Appreciation (2m)I want to find the answer to the questionWha
23、t is friendship?When it rains,I think friendship is a small umbrella.It can give me a piece of clear sky.When Im crying,I think friendship is a white handkerchief.It can wipe my tears dry.Discussion-I (3m)When I am sad,I think friendship is a warm word.It can bring me happiness again.When I am in tr
24、ouble,I think friendship is a strong hand.It can help me escape my troubles.When I sit in a quiet place,I think friendship is a very wonderful feeling.It cant be pulled and torn,because it is in everyones heart.It is there from the beginning to the end of our lives.Discuss with your partner and try to write some similar sentences to show your opinion about friendship.Writing taskEveryone hearswhat you say.Friends listen towhat you say.Best friendslisten to what you dont say.
