1、U n i t 4SectionAWelcometotheunit&Reading2021英语内 容 索 引课前篇 自主预习课堂篇 互动探究素养导航晨读晚诵 Four years ago,more than 700 computer scientists competed in a contest to build an artificial intelligence(AI)that could pass an 8-grade science exam.They all flunked.Even the most developed system couldnt score higher th
2、an 60 points on the test.AI cant match the language and logic skills that students are expected to have when they enter middle school.Later,a system named Aristo was developed by the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence,a lab in the US.It recently passed an 8-grade science exam taken by many
3、US students,the New York Times reported.It correctly answered more than 90%of the questions.Then it was given a 12-grade exam and it scored more than 80 points.Aristo was able to pass the exam because it can not only understand language but also use logical thinking to solve difficult problems.For e
4、xample,it can understand what a forest fire is and how it could affect animals like rabbits.The Aristo system used Bert,a kind of technology developed by Google,to answer the questions.Bert has“read”thousands of Wikipedia articles and books.If it looks at a sentence with a missing word,it can correc
5、tly guess what the word is.With the help of Bert,Aristo has“read”a lot of science questions and answers.Over time,it was able to find logical patterns on its own.Aristos success means that AI systems are getting better at understanding language and even responding to language.However,we cant compare
6、 this technology to real human students and their logical ability,said Jingjing Liu,a Microsoft researcher,who has been working on similar technologies.词海拾贝compete v.竞争;参加比赛(或竞赛)flunk v.(考试、测验等)失败,不及格logical adj.符合逻辑的;按照逻辑的article n.(报刊上的)文章pattern n.模式;方式respond v.回答,回应;作出反应典句欣赏AI cant match the la
7、nguage and logic skills that students are expected to have when they enter middle school.译文:人工智能无法与学生进入中学时应该掌握的语言和逻辑技能相匹配。分析:AI cant match the language and logic skills是主句,that students are expected to have是定语从句,when they enter middle school是时间状语从句。探究思辨1.Why was Aristo developed?2.What do Jingjing L
8、ius words show?答案1.To improve the logical skills of AI.2.Aristos logical ability still needs improving.课前篇 自主预习.知识体系图解重点词汇写作词汇1.adj.巨大的;大而重的;非常严重的2.n.网络,网状系统;关系网,人际网;(互联)网络3.vt.创造(新词语)4.n.重大进展,突破adj.突破性的5.vt.犯(罪);承诺,保证;花(钱或时间)vi.全心全意投入,忠于massivenetworkcoinbreakthroughcommit6.vt.造成,产生;提问,质询vi.摆好姿势n.姿
9、势7.n.受害者,牺牲品;受骗者;祭品8.n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的9.n.偷窃,偷窃罪posevictimalternativetheft阅读词汇10.castle n.11.input n.vt.(input,input)12.capacity n.13.autonomous adj.14.domestic adj.15.database n.16.hacker n.17.fail-safe adj.城堡 输入的信息;投入输入(信息)领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量,容积;职位,职责;生产量 自主的,有自主权的;自治的家庭的,家务的;本国的,国内的 数据库 黑客 有自动保
10、险装置的,具有自动防止故障性能的 拓展词汇18.vt.分析analysis n.分析analyses n.(pl.)分析19.n.财政,金融;资金;财力,财务管理 vt.提供资金financial adj.财政的;金融的;资金的20.vt.危及,对构成威胁;威胁,恐吓threatening adj.恐吓的;具有威胁的threat n.威胁21.n.罪,罪行;犯罪活动criminal n.罪犯22.vt.&n.谋杀,凶杀murderer n.凶手23.vt.敦促,催促;大力推荐,竭力主张;驱赶,鞭策 n.冲动,强烈的冲动urgent adj.紧急的urgency n.紧急情况analysefin
11、ancethreatencrimemurderurge24.adv.显然,可见apparent adj.显然的;明显的25.n.警告,先兆;警戒warn v.警告26.vt.需要;强烈要求 n.要求,所需之物;需求,需要demanding adj.要求过高的;苛求的27.adj.贪心的,贪婪的greedily adv.贪婪地greed n.贪欲;贪婪28.n.识别,认出;承认,认可;赞誉,赏识recognisable adj.能辨认的;能认出的recognise v.认出;承认apparentlywarningdemandgreedyrecognition重点短语1.(建)空中楼阁,幻想,空想
12、2.实现3.提出4.略举几例5.总之6.接近;靠近(build)castles in the aircome trueput forwardto name but a fewin shortget close to7.对某人有利8.受伤,受损,被害9.开始使用10.理论上;从理论上来说11.强行闯入,撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入12.面对后果to ones advantagefall victim tocome into usein theorybreak intoface the consequences.阅读导学A.阅读P44P45课文,厘清课文架构。Artificial inte
13、lligence:friendly or frightening?Part 1(Para.1):The 1.of the topic AI technology.AI can 2.your dreams.Part 2(Paras.25):AI is 3.the way we live.The essential aim of AI and the 4.to achieving the aim.The initial 5.of AI technology.The widespread 6.of AI technology.7.about AI technology.Part 3(Para.6):
14、Not be greedy and be 8.about AI technology.introductionrealizetransformingapproachdevelopmentapplicationsWorriescarefulB.阅读P44P45课文,选择正确答案。1.Which of the following is deep-learning AI capable of doing?A.Developing intelligent machines.B.Analysing massive amounts of data.C.Becoming a part of the huma
15、n brain.D.Learning from the previous actions.答案 B2.What proved that deep-learning AI systems made a significant advance?A.The term“artificial intelligence”was coined.B.Alan Turing came up with his theory.C.Deep Blue was beaten by Garry Kasparov.D.Ke Jie was defeated by AlphaGo.答案 D3.How does the aut
16、hor express the worries about the AI technology?A.By asking questions.B.By making comparison.C.By having a discussion.D.By referring to documents.4.Whats the authors attitude towards artificial intelligence?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Cautious.D.Not mentioned.答案 A答案 CC.阅读P44P45课文,完成下面的表格。Artificial
17、 intelligence:friendly or frightening?With artificial intelligence developing,our 1.will be realized.With the help of 2.,artificial intelligence created intelligent machines.The initial development and 3.of artificial intelligence.Artificial intelligence is being applied in many 4.at the moment.Arti
18、ficial intelligence is 5.the way we live.We are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines,which makes us 6.Some scientists warned us to pay attention to the potential 7.We shouldnt be too 8.and be careful to avoid falling victim to AI.dreamsdeep-learningadvancesfieldstransformi
19、ngworrieddangersgreedy课堂篇 互动探究重点词汇1 Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers,imitating the complex networks of the human brain.(P44)深度学习人工智能有能力通过多层分析大量数据,模仿人脑的复杂网络。analyse vt.分析The job involves gathering and analysing data.这项工作包括搜集和分析数据。This book t
20、eaches you how to analyse what is causing the stress in your life.这本书教你分析生活压力形成的原因。【词汇拓展】analysis n.分析analyses n.(pl.)分析carry out/do an analysis of对作分析Textual analysis identified the author as Shakespeare.对原文的分析鉴定出作者是莎士比亚。【迁移应用】用analyse的适当形式填空(1)This course does encourage the child the environment i
21、n a formal way.(2)The book is an of poverty and its causes.to analyseanalysis2 Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans?(P45)思考机器会与人类并肩工作还是威胁人类的生存?threaten vt.危及,对构成威胁;威胁;恐吓;预示(某事)He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to be late for work.他受到警告,如果继续
22、上班迟到,就会被辞退。His father threatened to throw him out,but he knew it was an empty threat.他父亲威胁要把他赶出去,但他知道那只不过是吓吓他罢了。The clouds threaten rain.乌云预示着要下雨。【词汇拓展】threaten to do sth 威胁做某事threat n.威胁a threat to对构成威胁a threat of/from的威胁threatening adj.恐吓的;具有威胁的Terrorism is a threat to the whole country.恐怖主义是整个国家的
23、威胁。He threatened to take them to court.他威胁要把他们告上法庭。【迁移应用】用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The workers(threat)a strike if the company refused to raise their pay.(2)The hijackers threatened(kill)one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.(3)He made an admission that he had used(threat)behaviour.threatenedto
24、killthreatening3As we become more and more dependent on computers,some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.(P45)随着我们变得越来越依赖电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。urge vt.敦促,催促;大力推荐,竭力主张;驱赶,鞭策 n.冲动,强烈的欲望No matter how often they were urged,they could not bring themselve
25、s to join in.不管如何被催促,他们就是不加入。We urged them to sort out the problem sooner rather than later.我们敦促他们及早解决那个问题。I never had an urge to learn any sign language before.我以前从未有过学手语的冲动。【词汇拓展1】urge sb to do sth/into doing sth 催促某人做某事urge sth on sb极力向某人主张某事urge/it is urged that.(should)do sth极力主张做某事feel/have an
26、 urge to do sth渴望做某事urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的;急迫的in urgent need of急需urgency n.紧急;迫切Parents should actively urge their children to join sports teams.家长应积极督促孩子们参加运动队。The report urged that all children be taught to swim.这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童都要学游泳。Once inside her apartment she felt an urge to brush her teeth.一回到自己的公寓,她
27、就有一种刷牙的冲动。【迁移应用1】用所给词的适当形式填空(1)My mother always urges me(do)my homework as quickly as possible.(2)It is strongly urged by students that the library(keep)open during the weekend.(3)I make an(urge)appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.to do(should)be kepturgent一句多译在准备讲座时,我主张你
28、做一些阅读。(4)In preparation for lectures,I urge you into.(5)In preparation for lectures,I urge that you.doing some readingshould do some reading pose vt.造成,产生;提问,质询 vi.摆好姿势 n.姿势His ill health poses serious problems for the future.他身体不好,对将来造成严重的隐患。The shortage of money has posed a major problem.资金短缺已经引起了
29、一个重大问题。After the graduation ceremony,we were posed for pictures.毕业典礼之后,我们摆好姿势照了相。【词汇拓展2】pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk to 对构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险pose for为 摆好姿势;给带来,向提出Large consumption of fuel would definitely pose a threat to the supply and demand of energy resources.燃料的大量消耗肯定会对能源的供给和需求造成威胁。A group of
30、fans wanted the star football player to pose for pictures.一群球迷希望那位足球明星摆姿势拍照。【迁移应用2】单句语法填空(1)Pollution poses a danger the continued existence of this species.(2)You should pose them their picture in the best position to suit them.tofor4 Apparently,such warnings demand our attention.(P45)显然,这样的警告需要我们注
31、意。warning n.警告,先兆;警戒Doctors issued a warning against eating any fish caught in that river.医生发出警告不要吃在那条河里捕的鱼。“Look before you leap”is a warning against people acting rashly.“三思而后行”这条谚语告诫人们不要鲁莽行事。【词汇拓展1】warn vt.警告;告诫;预告;提醒warn sb of/about sth警告/提醒某人注意某事warn sb against sb告诫某人提防某人warn sb(not)to do sth提醒
32、某人(不)做某事warn sb against(doing)sth提醒某人提防(不做)某事If youre thinking of getting a dog,you are warned of/about the fact that it takes a lot of time and money.如果你正考虑养一只狗,你要注意,这会花费大量的时间和金钱。He warned us against pickpockets.他提醒我们要提防小偷。The police warned them not to go out at night.警察告诫他们夜间不要出门。【迁移应用1】单句语法填空(1)P
33、eople were swimming in the ocean despite the hurricane(warn).(2)They were warned climbing the mountain in such bad weather.(3)The morning paper warned us serious delays at the airport that we were faced with.(4)The traffic radio warned us(avoid)the centre of our city this weekend.warningagainstof/ab
34、outto avoid demand vt.需要;强烈要求 n.要求,所需之物;需求,需要The project has demanded considerable investment of time and effort.该项目已让我们投入了相当多的时间和精力。The product was developed in response to customers demand.这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。When people gather together in cities,they create a demand for land.当人们聚集在城市里,他们创造了对土地的需求。
35、【词汇拓展2】in demand 需求;受欢迎meet ones demand(s)满足某人的需求demand sth of sb向某人要求某物demand to do sth要求做某事demand that sb(should)do sth要求某人做某事demanding adj.苛求的;要求过高的;费力的The new car feeding on solar energy is in great demand.这种新型的太阳能汽车需求量极大。The public demanded to know whether the plant posed a serious health threa
36、t.公众要求知道该工厂是否对健康构成严重威胁。They demand that some skilled workers(should)be sent to help them.他们要求派些技术工人帮助他们。demand后接宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,从句的谓语动词用“(should)do”。有此用法的单词有:一坚持(insist);二命令(order,command);三建议(advise,suggest,recommend);四要求(require,request,demand,desire)。【迁移应用2】单句语法填空(1)With the development of touri
37、sm industry,tourism talents are great demand.(2)This is a(demand)job and a small mistake can make a great difference.(3)She burst into the managers office and demanded(speak)to him.indemandingto speak完成句子(4)这位老师要求学生们准时上学。The teacher demands that the students.go to school on time5 It offers a quick a
38、nd cool alternative to traditional passwords,and you cannot forget your own face!(P47)它提供了一种快速绝妙的传统密码的替代品,并且你不会忘记自己的脸!alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly;those are the two alternatives.你的工资可以按周以现金支取,或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。If this plan is not accepted,we h
39、ave an alternative plan.如果这个计划未被采纳,我们还有代替的计划。【词汇拓展】an alternative to.的替代物(to是介词)have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事alternatively adv.二者择一地;作为一种选择These new capabilities provide an alternative to that approach.这些新功能提供了一个新方法。Im afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police.恐怕除了向警方
40、告发你以外,我别无选择了。We could take the train or alternatively go by car.我们可以坐火车去,也可以坐汽车去。“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式:(1)cant do sth but do sth(2)can do nothing but do sth(3)have no choice but to do sth(4)cant choose but do sth【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternativegas
41、oline.(2)The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to(communicate)with others.同义句转换(3)In view of the bad weather they cannot choose but put the meeting off.In view of the bad weather they the meeting off.tocommunicatinghad no alternative/choice but to put6.as there are cases in which ha
42、ckers have broken into facial recognition systems by using peoples social media photos to build models of their faces.(P47)已有黑客利用社交媒体上人们的照片来制作他们的脸部模型并侵入脸部识别系统的案例发生 break into强行闯入,撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.附近没有人可能看见他试图闯入房子里。The moment s
43、he was out of sight she broke into a run.她一走出众人的视线就开始跑起来。She finally broke into films after an acclaimed stage career.她在取得舞台生涯的成功后,最终顺利进入电影界发展。【词汇拓展】break away from脱离;挣脱break down瓦解,分解;机器坏了;身体垮了break in打断(谈话);突然闯入break out(战争、火灾等)突然爆发,发生break through取得突破;克服break up打碎;拆散;分解;结束;分手;放假The car broke down
44、 and we had to get somebody to give us a tow.汽车抛锚了,我们只得找人把我们拖走。Im sorry to break in on your private thought,but I think we should get on with some work.对不起,打断了你的思考,不过我想我们该做些工作了。Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.科学家认为他们在与癌症的斗争中开始有所突破。break in和break into都
45、表示“闯入”,但二者用法不同。前者不跟宾语,不用于被动语态;后者可以接宾语,可用于被动语态。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers breakingyour house.(2)Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break in disasters.(3)I broke the poverty barrier and it was education that did it.(4)The thief barely
46、had time to hurry out when the policemen broke.(5)Fires broke everywhere at midnight,and the entire city went up in flames.intodownthroughinout重点句式1It may seem like building castles in the air,but given the rate at whichartificial intelligence,or AI,is being developed,in the future such dreamsmay ac
47、tually come true.(P44)这看上去可能像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际,但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度,将来这样的梦想很可能会实现。【句式剖析】at which artificial intelligence,or AI,is being developed是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语。当先行词为物时,用“介词+which”;如果先行词为人时,用“介词+whom”。who和that不能用于此结构,但介词后置时who和that可以用作引导词,如果作宾语也可以省略。The ladder on which I was standing
48、began to slip.=The ladder which/that I was standing on began to slip.我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。She is the very person to whom I turned for help.=She is the very person whom/that/who I turned to for help.她就是那个我求助的人。“介词+关系代词”中介词的确定方法:(1)根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。I remember the day on which I joined the army.我记得我参军的那一天。(表示具
49、体的“在哪一天”,用介词on)The book discusses the extent to which family life has changed over the past 50 years.本书论述了近50年来家庭生活的变化程度。(to the extent在某种程度上,为固定短语)(2)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词,该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。He is the man for whom Im waiting for a long time.他是我等了很久的那个人。(wait for等待,为固定搭配)He is a famous singer of who
50、m we are proud.他是一位我们引以为豪的著名歌唱家。(be proud of以为豪,为固定搭配)(3)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子,先行词完全一样,定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时,需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。This is the book without which I cant pass the exam.这是一本没有它我就不能通过考试的书。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)The way which one student studies might be quite different from that of another student.(
51、2)Can you see the desk which there is a book and two pens?(3)The man with I share the room is a young teacher from college.inonwhom完成句子(4)感谢你的帮助,没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。Thank you for your help,we could not have finished the work on time.without which 2 With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking an
52、d learning fromtheir mistakes,we are getting closer to the dividing line between humansand machines.(P45)随着像AlphaGo这样的机器现在能够从错误中思考和学习,我们正越来越接近人和机器的分界线。【句式剖析】With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes是with复合结构作状语,其基本结构是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”,句中形容词短语capable of thinkin
53、g and learning from their mistakes作宾语补足语,说明宾语machines like AlphaGo所处的状态。with复合结构除了在句中作状语外,还可以作定语。She came into the room with her nose red because of cold.她走进房间,鼻子冻得通红。You shouldnt speak with your mouth full.满嘴食物的你不应该说话。The man with a book under his arm is our beloved teacher.腋下夹着一本书的那个男人是我们敬爱的老师。【句式
54、拓展】with复合结构的其他形式还有:(1)with+宾语+to do(表示将来的动作)With a guide to show us around the scenic spots,were sure to have a good time.有导游带我们参观景点,我们一定会玩得很开心。(2)with+宾语+doing(表示主动或进行)With the Earth Day approaching,a lot of posters were put up in our school to call on us to take action for a greener earth.随着地球日的临近
55、,学校里张贴了许多海报,号召我们为一个更加绿色的地球采取行动。(3)with+宾语+done(表示被动或完成)He cooks that meal so often that he can do it with his eyes closed.他常做那道菜,以至于闭着眼也能做。(4)with+宾语+介词短语/副词(短语)She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他穿着所有的衣服躺在床上。【迁移应用】用所给词的适当形式填空(1)With m
56、ore and more forests(damage),some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.(2)I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother(be)ill.(3)With so many people(help)us,we are sure to finish it in time.damagedbeingto help完成句子(4)我们无论如何不应开着门睡觉。On no account should we go to bed.(5)他低着头站在老师面前。He
57、stood before his teacher.(6)他头枕着胳膊睡着了。He was asleep.with the door openwith his head downwith his head on his arms随堂练习.课文语法填空As a branch of computer science,artificial intelligence(AI)aims 1.(create)intelligent machines.To achieve this aim,many approaches to 2.(create)true AI have been put forward.Al
58、though AI technology developed very slowly for a long time,a major breakthrough in AI came in 1997,3.Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.Twenty years later,a computer program 4.(name)AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie,which demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems.Nowad
59、ays,to createcreatingwhennamedAI 5.(apply)in many fields:finance,health care,natural language processing and art,to name but 6.few.In short,this technology is transforming the way we live.While AI enthusiasts promise intelligent robots 7.(work)to our advantage,these undoubted benefits also bring con
60、cerns and fears.As we become more and more 8.(depend)on computers,9.(warn)of the dangers posed by the advances in AI demand our attention.We need to be careful what we wish for and make sure we will not fall victim 10._AI!is being appliedawill be workingdependentwarningsto.概要写作根据课本P44P45内容,完成下面的内容概要
61、。Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science 1.(旨在开发智能机器).Though developing slowly,it 2.(取得重大突破)in 1997.Then in 2017,a significant advance was made in deep-learning AI systems.Nowadays,AI is being applied in many fields,making us more dependent on it.Some scientists are urging us to be cautious about its potential dangers and not 3.(成为的牺牲品)AI.aimed at developing intelligent machinesmade a major breakthroughfall victim to
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