1、必修一 Unit1 friendshipGrammar 从容说课According to the contents based on the new course standard，senior students are required to understand the function of grammar and can use it freely. Gradually contact and understand complex language phenomena so that students may have the ability to summarize、analyze
2、and explain. This is the third period of this unit. In this period，we mainly deal with the changes between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. In order to make students grasp it well，I think it is necessary to give them more practice and encourage them to find out the problems of grammar by themselve
3、s.三维目标1.Knowledge：words/phrases：Germans，with so many clothes on2.Ability：Use learned knowledge to interchange direct speech and indirect speech correctly and freely.3.Emotion：Cultivate the spirit of cooperation，self-teaching，and self-exploring.教学重点Master the interchanges of direct speech and indirec
4、t speech in the declarative sentences and interrogative sentences.教学难点Master the changes of the pronouns，tenses，adverbials in the interchanges of direct speech and indirect speech.教具准备a computer connected to the internet，a project，a blackboard教学过程Step 1 GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step 2
5、T：Now I want you to translate two sentences into English. Listen carefully.“我喜欢交朋友”，the second one “妈妈， 你看见我的笔记本了吗？”Now how to translate the two sentences？Who wants to try？Yeah，Alice，you try，please. The first one.S：I like making friends.T：Good，sit down，please. Alice said，“I like making friends”（Bb：A
6、lice said，“I like making friends.”） The second one. Who wants to try？OK，David，you try，please.S：Mum，have you seen my notebook？（Bb：David asked，“Mom，have you seen my notebook.”）T：Now look at the blackboard. If we report what Alice and David said to someone else，how to do it？T and Ss：Alice said that she
7、 liked making friends.David asked his mum if she had seen his notebook.（Bb：Write them on the blackboard.）T：Yes. Lets come to our text. Read the sentences in exercise 1 of discovering structures. Later Ill ask you to tell me what youve discovered. Now，who can tell me？S1：We should pay attention to the
8、 changes of tenses. Look at the underlined words.S2：We should pay more attention to the second sentence. In direct speech，its a general question. But in indirect speech，we should use if or whether to introduce object clause besides the change of verb.S3：If it is a special question in direct speech，w
9、e should use the original interrogative in indirect speech.T：Wonderful! Now Ill give you brief explanation of “Direct Speech and Indirect Speech”（1）：Statements & QuestionsYou use Direct Speech when you want to show the exact words someone said or wrote. Use quotation marks to show that you report th
10、e exact words a person used and a reporting clause to include information about the speak and the situation.e.g.“I had a great time at the picnic，” she told her mum.（direct speech）（reporting clause）The reporting clause may come before，within，or after the direct speech. When the reporting clause come
11、s after the direct speech，the order of the subject and the verb may be changed，e.g. Jane said/said Jane. This typically happens when the reporting clause is within the reported speech and the subject is not a pronoun.e.g.Jane said，“Ive got a new e-pal. He is from German.”“Ive got a new pal. He is fr
12、om Germany，” Jane said/said Jane/she said.Use a comma to connect the direct speech and the reporting clause.When you change a sentence from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech，you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to change pronouns in order to keep the same meaning.DIRECT SPEE
13、CHINDIRECT SPEECHPresent PastPast past or past perfectPresent perfect past perfectPast perfect past perfecte.g.“Did you get e-mails from your friends？” she asked.She asked if I had got e-mails from my friends.When you use Indirect Speech to report what someone said，you can sometimes change the exact
14、 words without changing what the speaker actually said.e.g. Wilson said，“How long have we been in his place？”Wilson asked how long you had been here.T：Next，lets do some exercises. Look at Part 2.Change the following direct speech into indirect speech and indirect into direct. First do it by yourselv
15、es. Then discuss it in pairs. Finally Ill show you the answers.（After students do it，teacher shows the following on the screen.） Suggested answers：1.Anne said that she was going to hide from the Germans.2.Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.3.She said she couldnt ask her father
16、 because it was not safe to know.4.The girl said she had had to pick up her things very quickly.5.Dad asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters.6.“Are you hot with so many clothes on” Mum asked.7.“What else did you get？” Margot asked her.8.“When will we go back home？” Anne asked.9.“How
17、can you see your friends？” Anne asked.10.“Why did you go out last night？” Mother asked Anne.T：You did a good job.In fact，we should pay attention to some special cases.In the interchanges of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech，it is not necessary for us to change “here，come，yesterday and so on” into “t
18、here，go，the day before” if we are at that given time and place.Of course，if the content in Direct Speech is objective truth，it is also not necessary to change tenses in Indirect Speech.For example：She said to the children，“The earth moves around the sun.”She told the children that the earth moves ro
19、und the sun.As to this，you should remember.Is that clear？Ss：Yes.Step 3T：OK.Lets deal with using structures on page 42.Retell the story to consolidate the grammar.After a while，I will ask some of you to report your story.Lets see who can do the best.Step 4T：Thank you for your report!Now play the game
20、 on page 43.Make up a dialogue in groups of three.S1：A：Who was waiting for them there？B：What did he or she said？ C：He or she asked who was waiting for them there.S2：Step 5T：You did a good job.I show you two letters to see how well you understand this grammar. Change them into Indirect speech.Letter
21、1：Dear Bassanio，My friend，my ships are all lost at sea and now I have to pay Shylock with a pound of my flesh according to our agreement. Since paying him will cost me my life，I wish to see you before I die.If you love me not enough to lead you here，forget about the letter.Yours，AntonioLetter 2：Sir，
22、I am very ill. When your letter reached me，I had with me a learned young doctor from Rome. I told him about the quarrel between Shylock and Antonio. We studied many law books and he knows what I would say. I ask you to let him stand in my place and pass judgment. He is young，but I never knew so youn
23、g a body with so wise a head.Yours，Doctor BellarioT：Are you ready？Lets check the answers with the whole class.Answers：Letter 1：Bassabio received a letter from Antonio. In the letter，Antonio said that his ships were all at sea and he had to pay Shylock with a pound of his flesh according to their agr
24、eement. Since paying Shylock would cost him his life，he wished to see Bassanio before he died. He said if Bassanio，s love for him was not enough to lead him there，Bassanio should forget about the letter.Letter 2：Dpoctor Bellario wrote in his letter that he was very ill and he had been with a learned
25、 young doctor from Rome when this letter reached him. He had told the young doctor about the quarrel between Shylock and Antonio. They had studied many law books and the young doctor knew what he would say. So Bellariop asked the Duck to let the young man stand in his place and give judgement.He als
26、o told the Duke in his letter he had never known so young a body with so wise a head.T：Summary and homeworkOK.In this class，weve learned Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. After class，review the content，and remember the rules of changes the interchanges of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. Any ques
27、tion？S1：I am not clear about the phrase “with so many clothes on”.T：Note the following structure：（1）She left the office with tears in her eyes.（2）The murder was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.（3）With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly-elected president is having a hard t
28、ime.（4）Peter soon fell asleep with the light still burning.Translation：（1）_（由那个男孩带路），we had no trouble finding the strange cave.（2）Jessica was standing by the window，_（手里拿着一封信）. （3）_（钥匙丢了），Anna had to wait until her husband came home.（4）_（因为有约翰帮助），we are sure to finish the work ahead of time.（5）The
29、old man lay in bed，unable to speak，_（眼闭着嘴张着）.Answers：（1）with the boy leading the way（2）with a letter in her hand（3）With the key lost（4）With John to help us（5）with his eyes closed and mouth open板书设计Unit 1 FriendshipThe Third Periodwith so many clothes on（1）She left the office with tears in her eyes.（
30、2）The murder was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.（3）With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly-elected presidents having a hard time.（4）Peter soon fell asleep with the light still burning.活动与探究Let students summarize the rules of the grammar by themselves. The purpose is to c
31、ultivate their ability to make up a summary. Divide them into several groups.After doing that，students form groups again to help each other.备课资料1.直接引语（变化前）间接引语（变化后）陈述句Jane said，“Im very fond of traveling.”that引导的宾语从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling. 一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella，Mary？”ask
32、ed John.whether/if引导的宾语从句John asked Marry if that was her umbrella.特殊疑问句“Marry，when will you return me the book？”asked John.wh-词引导的宾语从句John asked Marry when she would return him the book.祈使句The officer said to him，“Dont leave your post.”不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.Lets 开头的祈使句I s
33、aid to him，“Lets start at once.”that引导的宾语从句I suggested to him that we（should）start at once.感叹句He said：“How happy I am!”that/what/how引导的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthe day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before yesterdaygobr
34、ingherethat/thisthose/thesethen beforethat day/today/yesterday（the）next dayin two days timethe day beforethe night before two days beforecome/gobring/takethere/here直接引语（变化前）间接引语（变化后）主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时She often says，“All men and women are equal under the law.”“You did very well，” I have just told Tom.从
35、句动词时态不变She often says the all men and women are equal under the law.I have just told Tom that he did very well.主句动词为一般过去 引语动词为：从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为：一般现在时“I know it，”he said.一般过去时He said that he knew it.现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all，”she said.过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all.现在完成时“I ha
36、ve seen her before，”said he.过去完成时He said he had seen her before.现在完成进行时He said，“I have been doing it for hours.”过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours.一般过去时“I saw her last Monday，”he said.过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim，”she said.过去完成进行时She said sh
37、e had been waiting for Jim.过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died？”Jack asked.过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.一般将来时He said：“We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时He said they would start the next day.2.Change the following passage
38、into dialogues.Bassanio told Antonio that he was in love with Portia，a rich and beautiful lady，and that she also loved him. He also told Antonio that he could ask Portia to marry him because he had no many. He asked Antonia if he could lend him three thousand ducats. Antonio told him that all his sh
39、ips were at sea and he had no money at present.They went to Shylock to borrow the money. Shylock didnt like Antonio，who had many times told others about his greed and cruelty. However，he agreed to lend Antonio the money on one condition. He would have the right to have a pound of Aantonios flesh to
40、be cut off from any part of his body if he did not pay the money back at the end of three months. Antonio said that he would accept these terms. Bassanio tried to keep Antonio from accepting them，but Antonio treated them as a joke and said he would not refuse Shylocks offer and would sign the agreem
41、ent.Dialogue：B：Aantonio，my friend. I am in love with a rich and beautiful lady，whose name is Portia.A：Does she love you？B：Yes，she loves me. Or at least I think so.A：Have you asked her to marry you？B：I wanted to，but I cant.A：Why not？B：Because I have no money.A：If that is your only problem. I can help you. How much do you need？B：I would be very grateful if you can lend me 3000 ducats.A：Id be happy to help you，but all my ships are at sea and I have no money at present. But dont worry，Ill find a way to solve this problem.B：Oh，you are such a kind man. Thank you very much.10
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